No abstract available.
Lymphoma*

Total 36 reports on the mortality rates (MRs) of low birth weight infants (LBWI) and very LBWI (VLBWI) in Korea from the 1967 through 2001 were analyzed. We compared the changes in the MR by 5 and 10-yr interval. The MRs observed by 5-yr intervals from the early 1960s through the 1990s have drastically decreased. TheMRs of LBWI are as follows: 23.1% and 23.6% in the 1960s, 17.3% and 16.8% in the 1970s, 14.1% and 14.4% in the 1980s, and 8.1% in the early 1990s. The MRsof VLBWI have also fallen and were reported as follows: 68.2% and 63.7% in the 1960s, 55.8% and 57.6% in the 1970s, 56.2% and 48.1% in the 1980s, 33.5% and 24.5% in the 1990s, and 11.7% in the early 2000s. In every 10-yr period, the MRs of LBWI have decreased from 23.4% in 1960, to 17.0% in 1970, to 14.2% in 1980, and to 8.1% in 1990. The MRs of VLBWI also have decreased from 66.2% in 1960, to 56.7% in 1970, to 50.8% in 1980, to 32.9% in 1990, and to 11.7% in 2000. TheMR of LBWI and VLBWI has gone down remarkably due to improvements in neonatology in Korea as shown above.
Human ; *Infant Mortality ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Korea ; Time Factors

Epidemiologic investigation was conducted on January, 1993 in Seoul to identify the cause of an infant methemoglobinemia. Field investigation of the area of outbreak, survey of household and family members, analysis of ground water, and blood tests of involved family members were performed. Following results were obtained. On analyzing the quality of the ground water on patients's household high levels of nitrate was found indicating contamination of water as the cause of a methemoglobinemia outbreak. On analyzing the quality of the ground waters on seven other places within the neighborhood five were contaminated by nitrate in concentration that exceeded the permissible limit implying presence nearby source of contamination. Sources of contamination were thought to be originating from human waste in conventional bathroom facilities, chicken manure used in nearby orchards and plant fields or fertilizers. But the results of water analysis with presence of bacteria or E.coli, concentration of potassium, phosphate and the past history of diarrhea among family members, chicken manure suggested the most possible source of contamination. To evaluate the health status of members in the neighborhood past history was reviewed revealing no prior existence of patient with cyanosis and 65 people in the neighborhood had normal levels of methemoglobin concentration in their blood. Conclusively, the ground water on patient's household was contaminated with nitrate and despite provision of adequate water supply, family members of the patient along with distrust in the water supply system had used ground water as their source of drinking water resulting of methemoglobinemia. Many suburban area of Seoul and country side thought to be having similar problems concerning contaminated ground water supply and dormant outbreak of patients as a result of the drinking of the contaminated water. Epidemiologic investigation and water analysis of ground waters are advised.
Bacteria ; Chickens ; Cyanosis ; Diarrhea ; Drinking ; Drinking Water ; Family Characteristics ; Fertilizers ; Groundwater ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Infant* ; Manure ; Methemoglobin ; Methemoglobinemia* ; Plants ; Potassium ; Residence Characteristics ; Seoul ; Water ; Water Supply

No abstract available.
Bartter Syndrome*

No Abstract Available.
Cicatrix* ; Cleft Lip* ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Nose*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and the courses and effects of long-term treatment, and to analyze the association between clinical features and duration of therapy in chronic functional constipation in children. METHODS: This study enrolled 57 children with chronic functional constipation who were treated in the Eulji Hospital for more than five months between May, 2000 and February, 2004. We analyzed the clinical features and the courses and results of the phase of disimpaction, maintenance, weaning retrospectively. RESULTS: Mean age at diagnosis was 3.3+/-2.3 years and the male to female ratio was 24:33. The mean duration of symptoms was 12.5+/-13.9 months in 49 patients. Mean defecation frequency per week was 5.7+/-4.0 and hard stools were seen in 59.7% of patients. The clinical presentations were as follows : abdominal pain(45.6%), rectal blood loss(28.1%), vomiting(19.3%). Fifty-four patients had successful disimpaction with lactulose+bisacodyl/glycerine enema or only lactulose, except for three patients with polyethylene glycol(PEG) solution. After a maintenance phase with lactulose or lactulose+mineral oil, a significant increase in defecation frequency per week was observed(5.7+/-4.0 to 6.3+/-1.8(P<0.05)), discomfort in defecation was not observed in all patients and hard stools were not observed except in four patients. The mean duration of the maintenance phase was 5.5+/-4.3 months and mean duration of total therapy was 10.8+/-3.8 months in 42 patients who finished the weaning phase. Duration of the maintenance phase and of total therapy had no statistical correlation with age, duration of symptoms and frequency of stools, and had no association with clinical presentations. CONCLUSION: Long-term treatment is necessary for effective treatment of chronic functional constipation in children. Further long-term follow up would have to be perfomed to evaluate successful treatment.
Child* ; Constipation* ; Defecation ; Diagnosis ; Enema ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lactulose ; Male ; Mineral Oil ; Polyethylene ; Retrospective Studies ; Weaning

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study was to identify the effects of nursing practice environment, compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction on burnout in clinical nurses. METHODS: Participants selected for the final analysis were 208 nurses working in 2 general hospitals in Busan and Masan. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and Hierarchial Multiple Regression with SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: Compassion fatigue had a significant positive effect on burnout, while Compassion satisfaction had a negative effect on burnout, but Nursing practice environment had no effect on burnout. The explained variance for burnout was 61% and compassion satisfaction was the most significant factor in burnout of nurses. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that to reduce burnout in clinical nurses it is necessary to develop programs to increase nurses' compassion satisfaction and decrease compassion fatigue.
Busan ; Empathy* ; Fatigue* ; Hospitals, General ; Nursing* ; Professional Practice

BACKGROUND: Although congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries are rare, which may cause serious clinical problems in diagnostic or surgical procedures, the accurate knowlegde and understanding of these are essential. We are to assess the clinical and angiographic characteristics of congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries detected in adulthhood. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a total of 67 cases of primary congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries with particular emphasis in angiographic findings in corelation with the clinical and surgical findings, reviewing 16,099 coronary angiography performed during last 6 years in three institutes. RESULTS: The incidence of congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries detected in coronary angiography was 0.4% and all were primary anomalies, among which major anomalies were 53 cases(79%) and minor anomalies were 14 cases(21%). Twenty-nine cases had associated cardiac defects. Among them congenital heart disease were 10 cases(34%), valvular heart disease were 10 cases(34%), coronary atherosclerotic disease were 8 cases(28%) and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy was 1 cases(4%). The coronary artery fistula were 40 cases, which was the most common anomaly among major group and the communication between coronary artery and bronchial artery were 6 cases, which was the most common one among minor group. Myocardial ischemia was observed in 49% of major and in 29% of minor anomalies. CONCLUSION: We are reporting 67 cases of the congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries detected in adulthood with the clinical and the angiographic characteristics. We suggest that new modified classification of the congenital coronary anomalies is necessary, because symptoms and signs of myocardial ischemia were observed in a significant number of patients among minoranomaly group.
Academies and Institutes ; Bronchial Arteries ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Classification ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels* ; Fistula ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Humans ; Incidence ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Child* ; Endoscopy* ; Humans

Authors have experienced a case of retinal occlusion in patient with mitral valve prolapse. The patient was 10-year-old male who had visited our hospital due to the sudden onset of painless diminished vision and visual field defect of right eye since 2 days ago. The funduscopic finding of right eye showed typical appearance of retinal arterial occlusion with ischemic retinal whitening which app3ared as opacification. And, we also found mitral valve prolapse in this patient. One of the recently reported complications of mitral valve prolapse is thromboemboli resulting in cerebral ischemic events and visual complications. Such emboli can explain some cases of branch and central retinal arterial occlusion.
Child ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve Prolapse* ; Mitral Valve* ; Retinal Artery* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vision, Low ; Visual Fields