This study was undertaken in order to examine the effect of hardiness on future stress-related physical symptoms in the female students in a longitudinal design. The subjects who participated in this study were 97 female nursing students (in the analysis of data after 1 year). The instruments used for this study were a survey of general characteristics, stress (43 items), hardiness(25 items), and physical symptoms(35 items). Analysis of data was done by use of mean and hierarchical multiple regression with the SAS program. The results of this study were as follows. 1) Main effects of hardiness on future stress-related physical symptoms was found. 2) The stress buffering effects of hardiness were not found.
Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies* ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

Paraneoplastic pemphigus is a distinct and rare autoimmune disease characterized by extensive and painful mucosal ulcerations and polymorphic desquamated skin lesions in the setting of an underlying neoplasm, typically of lymphoreticular origin. Thus difficulties in the management of anesthesia can be expected. A 66-years-old man was scheduled for removal of intraabdominal sarcoma associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus. Physical examination showed multiple erythematous bullae, crusts, plaques and target-like lesions on the whole body and desquamated erythematous skin lesions on the back and extremities. In the operating room, his right femoral artery was cannulated with a 20 G, 12.7 cm CVP catheter and left femoral and subclavian veins with 14 G, 20 cm CVP catheters, respectively. After application of 4 % lidocaine spray, his oropharynx and supraglottic area were evaluated under direct laryngoscopy and revealed multiple ulcerations on oral mucosa, but no distinct lesion on supraglottic area. Anesthesia was induced by rapid-sequence method with fentanyl, thiopental sodium and succinylcholine followed by endotracheal intubation. The endotracheal tube was held by a roll gauze around the neck and its cuff was minimally inflated to avoid overpressure against his tracheal wall. After the end of surgery, his oral cavity was suctioned with no remarkable bleeding, and tracheal wall including cuff-contacted area was evaluated under fiberoptic bronchoscopy, revealed intact wall without any bulla or ulceration. The patient was transferred to intensive care unit for proper postoperative management after extubation of endotracheal tube.
Anesthesia ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Bronchoscopy ; Catheters ; Extremities ; Femoral Artery ; Fentanyl ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngoscopy ; Lidocaine ; Mouth ; Mouth Mucosa ; Neck ; Operating Rooms ; Oropharynx ; Pemphigus* ; Physical Examination ; Sarcoma ; Skin ; Subclavian Vein ; Succinylcholine ; Suction ; Thiopental ; Ulcer

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

PURPOSE: The study was done to explore lived experience of Japanese women taking care of chronically ill parents-in-law at home under the Korean family culture emphasizing filial piety. METHOD: van Manen's Hermeneutic Phenomenology research method was applied to conduct in-depth analysis on the meaning and nature of those experiences. This method derives the universal and fundamental aspect of human being. RESULTS: There were 8 essential themes derived from the Japanese marriage-immigrants' experiences taking care of parents-in-law with chronic diseases as followings: 'stuck in a situation in which I am obligated to take care of the parent-in-law', 'hard to be the only person responsible to take care of the parent-in-law', 'unaccustomed to the Korean filial duty culture', 'the adverse effect of Korean-Japan history on taking care of the parent-in-law', 'refusing to let the taking care of the parent-in-law to be a shackle of my life', 'starting to be willing to take care of the parent-in-law', 'following through with my own way of taking care of the parent-in-law without being swayed by what others say', 'growing in the process of taking care of the parent-in-law'. CONCLUSION: The study results broadened ground to understand the experiences taking care of chronically ill parent-in-law from Japanese marriage-immigrants' social and cultural perspectives.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Chronic Disease* ; Female ; Humans ; Linear Energy Transfer

OBJECTIVE: Increasingly it is being recognized that genetic factors play a significant role in causing malformation. There are many available prenatal diagnostic methods including cytogenetic karyotyping using amniocentesis and cordocentesis, fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH), and primed in situ labelling(PRINS). Our purpose was to attempt to discuss the clinical use of cytogenetic karyotyping, FISH, and PRINS. METHODS: We conducted 222 cases of cytogenetic karyotyping using amniocentesis and cordocentesis, l0 cases of FISH, and 10 cases of PRINS from January 1996 to July 1998 at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital. Age distribution, chromosomal abnormalities by age group, indication, karyotype, and baby outcomes were performed. RESULTS: Overall incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was 7.7%(17cases) and chromosomal abnormalities were most frequently noted in 30-34 year old women and 35-39 year old women(2.3%, respectively). Among 222 cases, 25-29 year old women were highest(30.2%). Chromosomal abnormalities among cytogenetic karyotyping cases were Down syndrome, Edward syndrome, Patau syndrome, Deletion(8), Inversion(9), etc. The 5 cases of healthy baby among chromosomal abnormalities were delevered. Among 213 cases of karyotyping using amniocentesis, abnormal karyotyping cases were 15 cases. Among 15 cases, 8 cases were terminated and 5 cases of healthy baby were delivered. Among 9 cases of karyotyping using cordocentesis, 2 cases of chromosomal abnormalities(Edward, Down syndrome) were found and 3 cases healthy baby were delivered. Among 10 cases of FISH results, 6 case of FISH results were the same with G-banding and were different from G-banding. Among 10 cases of PRINS results, we got the PRINS results from 7 cases. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that cytogenetic karyotyping, FISH, and PRINS are very useful to detect chromosomal abnormalities.
Age Distribution ; Amniocentesis ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cordocentesis ; Cytogenetics* ; Down Syndrome ; Female ; Fluorescence* ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Incidence ; Karyotype ; Karyotyping* ; Prenatal Diagnosis* ; Primed In Situ Labeling

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine subjective happiness related factors in Korean nursing students. METHODS: A purposive sample of 200 nursing students was recruited for the cross-sectional survey design. The instruments were perceived stress scale, major satisfaction scale, resilience scale, and subjective happiness scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, hierarchical linear regression, and the Sobel test for testing mediating effects. RESULTS: The mean score of stress, major satisfaction, resilience and subjective happiness was 2.21, 3.95, 3.60 and 5.03, respectively. Perceived health status, stress_positive perception, stress_negative perception, resilience_self confidence, resilience_positivity, resilience_social support had significant effects on subjective happiness. Explained variance for the subjective happiness was 53.4%. Resilience had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between stress and subjective happiness (Sobel test: Z=-5.67, p<.001). Also, resilience had a mediating effect in the relationship between major satisfaction and subjective happiness (Sobel test: Z=5.65, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, nursing intervention programs focusing on improving resilience are recommended to improve subjective happiness in nursing students.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Happiness* ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Negotiating ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

This study was alone to identify the meaning and the essence of the menopause experience by means of the Colaizzi's phenomenological method. The participants were eight women, 48-60 years old, who were experiencing perimenopause or postmenopause. They were selected using a theoretical sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews from April 6 to May 20, 1999. The interviews took from 40 to 90 minutes. Interviews were tape- recorded and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Significant statements from data were extracted. From these formulated meanings, 18 themes, 8 clusters of themes and 3 catagories were constructed. Final descriptions were found to be valid through the interviewee validation process. Essential themes of the menopausal experience which emerged were "coming of change", "inclined to deny the in mind", and "adapted life". Menopause, as coming of change was the turning point in the women's life cycle acompaning changes, in body and mind and marital life changes. Especially, the unpredictable menopausal changes were an opportunity to hide the fact of menopause and not to talk with anybody. Such a phenomenon reflected on the psychological attributes of menopausal woman such as an inclination to deny in the mind. Their experiences of menopause as adapted life were generally regarded as signalling the end of fertility and were interpreted as a natural developmental process that indicates a life transition. In conclusion, participants depicted the menopause as a natural stage in the life cycle. In order to help women have a positive life change and self accomplishment, nurses need to understand the essential themes of the menopausal experience. Thus, the importance of an open approach in eliciting the phenomena of menopause cannot be overemphasized. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that exercise program is one of the effective interventions to improve the self-efficacy and also to lower the fatigue in the sample of female college students.
Climacteric ; Fatigue ; Female ; Fertility ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages ; Menopause ; Perimenopause ; Postmenopause

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe sports injuries among elderly people and to compare physical activity, perceived health status and exercise self-efficacy between elderly people who had experienced a sports injury and elderly people who hadn't. METHODS: The sample of this study were 100 elderly in Korea, 51 of whom had had a sports injury. The study used questionnaires to gather data. There were 8 demographic factors, 4 factors related to physical activity, perceived health status and exercise self-efficacy of the subjects. Data were analyzed by frequencies, chi-square test, and t-test. RESULTS: Among the sports injured elders, one occurrence of a sport injury was 86.3%. There were more outdoor than indoor sports injuries of elders (66.7%), and sports injuries of elders occurred more in the winter (82.7%). The major cause of the sports injuries was loss of balance. Ankles were frequently damaged from these injuries. The most significant change after the sports injury was reduction of physical activity (60.8%). There were significant differences between sports injured elderly and non-injured elderly for age (χ2=2.58, p=.011) and the amount of physical activity (t=1.96, p=.050), but there was no significant difference in perceived health status and exercise self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: To prevent sports injuries in the elderly means to maintain a medium level of physical activity and to improve their balance.
Aged* ; Ankle ; Athletic Injuries* ; Demography ; Humans ; Korea ; Motor Activity* ; Sports*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to deepen understanding the nature of the care experience by the mothers with adult children in persistent vegetative state. METHODS: Participants were 7 mothers caring for their adult children in persistent vegetative state. Data were collected individually through in-depth interviews on their lived experiences. Also texts were included as data from literary works, novels, movies, essays, and arts containing on patients with persistent vegetative state and their mothers. Data were analyzed by van Manen's phenomenological methodology. RESULTS: The essential themes of caring experiences of the mothers were as follows. The theme in relation to lived time has shown as back to the past and caring experience related lived body has emerged as locked the body in children. The theme related lived space was getting into the swamp and the theme in lived others was derived as lonely struggle into. CONCLUSION: The nature of mothers' caring experiences for adult children in persistent vegetative state is summarized as ‘Do not off hand of hope in a locked state’. This study suggests long-term supports are necessary for mothers to care persistent vegetative state children.
Adult Children* ; Adult* ; Child ; Hand ; Hope ; Humans ; Mothers ; Motion Pictures as Topic ; Persistent Vegetative State* ; Qualitative Research ; Wetlands

Removal of blunt esophageal foreign bodies using Foley catheter under a fluoroscopic guidance is a well-recognized procedure. However, since this procedure is rather cumbersome and uncomfortable to the patient, the authors tried to find an easier and more convenient modified technique. For 10 patients with esophageal foreign body, we tried the method to the patients who is lying in the right lateral decubitus position and 3 assistants hold head. arms, trunk and legs of the patients without tilting the table and without using immobilizer. Foley catheter is inserted through nostril, nasal cavity and pharynx to esophagus. In order to identify the Foley catheter in esophagus, 0.025 inch short wire was inserted in the Foley catheter. The balloon of a Foley catheter was inflated by 10cc of air, and the syringe was kept attached to the Foley catheter during the procedure. After passage of the foreign body through the upper esophageal sphincter, the balloon was deflated immediately and the foreign body was removed through the mouth. We successfully removed in removing all the blunt esophageal foreign body with ease. This modified method is also fast, safe and efficient.
Arm ; Catheters* ; Deception ; Esophageal Sphincter, Upper ; Esophagus ; Foreign Bodies* ; Head ; Humans ; Leg ; Methods* ; Mouth ; Nasal Cavity ; Pharynx ; Syringes