To elucidate the role of plasmid-mediated AmpC-type B-lactamases in clinical practice, cefoxitin-resistant isolates of E. coli (19 strains) and K. pneumoniae (7 strains) from three hospitals in Korea were studied. All of the 26 isolates produced at least one j3-lactamase and 16 (62%) isolates produced AmpC-type B-lactamases poorly inhibited by clavulanic acid. In 16 such isolates, 4 kinds of AmpC enzymes were detected; the pI 8.0 AmpC enzyme in 11 isolates, the pI 8.9 in 3 isolates of E. coli, the pI 8.5 in 1 isolate of E. coli, and the pI 7.8 in 1 isolate of K pneumoniae. The pI 8.0 and 7.8 AmpC enzymes had an apparent molecular mass of 38 kDa and the pI 8.5 and 8.9 AmpC enzymes had a molecular mass of 35 kDa. Cefoxitin resistance was transmissible in six E. coli and three K pneumoniae strains due to a common AmpC-type B-lactamase with a pl of 8.0. This enzyme was confirmed to be CMY-1 B-lactamase by Southern blotting and PCR analysis. Four E. coli isolates produced large amounts of AmpC-type j3-1actamase. They were chromosomal AmpC hyperproducers carrying some alterations in the promoter and attenuator regions of the ampC chromosomal gene. The pI 7.8 AmpC enzyme is currently under study. In conclusion, this study showed that the CMY-1 plasmid-mediated cephamycinase play an important role in cephamycin resistance of K. pneumoniae and E. coli clinical isolates in Korea.
beta-Lactamases* ; Blotting, Southern ; Cefoxitin ; Clavulanic Acid ; Korea ; Pneumonia* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

PAF itself induces the non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity(NSBH) in asthma. NSBH induced by PAF is nearly as same as that by the sensitized allergen inhalation even though PAF never provokes the late asthmatic response. Usually the amount of allergen for BPT inversely correlated with the severity of asthma, but in PAF, nothing was clarified about that, yet. usually eosinophil is the main effector cell in PAF-induced NSBH. So we want to declare whether PAF inhalation affects the NSBH differently according to the severity of asthma or not in this study and eosinophil is the main effector cell in asthmatics. Single dose PAF(400microgram/microliter) inhalation challenge was done by the Cockcroft' s method but that of methacholine by Chai's method before and after PAF until NSBH returned the basal value. From that, we calculated PC20. Also we checked the eosinophil and platelet count in peripheral blood before and after PAF until those returned the baseline. All these were done in two groups, mild asthmatics and moderate asthmatics classified by the PFT and their PC20. The Bronchoconstriction started at the 3 minutes after PAF inhalation and then relieved completely 30 minutes after inhalation but in mild asthmatics bronchi constricted much more than moderate asthmatics. The fall of NSBH also persisted much longer in mild asthmatics. But the decrease in peripheral eoslnophil counts was nearly same in both groups. None of asthmatics showed the changes in platelet counts in peripheral blood. The degree of bronchoconstriction and decrease in eosinophil counts didn't have any correlation with the persistence of the NSBH. Taken together, PAF inhalation affected the NSBH inversely according to the severity of asthma in this study but eosinophil might not be the only effector cell in PAF-induced NSBH.
Asthma* ; Bronchi ; Bronchial Hyperreactivity* ; Bronchoconstriction ; Eosinophils ; Inhalation* ; Methacholine Chloride ; Platelet Count

This study was attempted to identify the knowledge to breast-feeding and the performance of nursing activities for breast-feeding and to test "how does the degree of knowledge to breast-feeding influence the nursing activities for breast-feeding?" The subjects were 180 nurses working in delivery rooms, nursery, obstetrics & pediatrics wards or OPD of obstetrics & gynecology of 8 general hospitals in Pusan as of August 3 through 13, 1996. The results are abstracted as follows : 1) Subject nurses' age : 25-29 was 45.6%(the major), education levels ; graduates from junior college were 95.0%, unmarried status was 62.2%, 76.5% of married nurses had children, 39.7% in-service education for Breast-Feeding, 337% did nursing activities for breast-feeding actively, the reason for inadequate activities for breast-feeding was "too much other tasks." 2) The degree of knowledge to breast-feeding ; mean score was 13.54, the degree of performance of nursing activities for breast-feeding ; 92.38+/-20.93 points out of possible 145 points(3.19+/-.74 out of possible 5 points) meaned that it was a low level. 3) The hypothesis "the nurses who have higher degrees of knowledge to breast-feeding will show higher degrees of performance of nursing activities for breast-feeding than the nurses who have lowe degrees of knowledge to breast-feeding" was tested by t-test(t=-.01, P=.9888), but rejected because it turned out statistically not significant at the level of P<.05) Above results suggested the degrees of knowledge to breast-feeding and the degrees of performance of nursing activities for breast-feeding were generally low and the degree of knowledge didn't influence the nursing activities. Researchers believe that the education for breast-feeding by the nurses need to be performed systemically & practically and new-method of breast-feeding education program need to include hospital managers as well as nurses related mothers and their family. In addition, researchers propose the introduction of "lactation specialist system", for the specialist can change the attitude of feeding-mothers positively with their specialty and authority.
Busan ; Child ; Delivery Rooms ; Education ; Gynecology ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Mothers ; Nurseries ; Nursing* ; Obstetrics ; Pediatrics ; Single Person ; Specialization ; Child Health

The purpose of the study was to identify the nursing diagnoses for aged persons in gerontological clinical practice of nursing students. In this study, a total of 101 cases including 36 cases of hospitalized elder, 33 cases of institutionalized elders, and 32 cases of community dwelling elders were used in case studies reported by nursing students. Descriptive statistics was employed to determine 370 nursing diagnoses in 101 cases. There were four findings. First, 47.5% of total 370 nursing diagnoses was 'risk for injury'. The next highest percentage of nursing diagnoses was 38.9%( powerless/hopelessness/self-esteem disturbance). Second, the most nursing diagnosis for hospitalized elders was 'knowledge deficit'(41.7%), and the next was 'risk for injury'(38.9%), and 'risk for impaired skin integrity'(27.8%). Third, for both institutionalized elders and community dwelling elders, the most nursing diagnosis was 'risk for injury', and the next was 'powerlessness/hopelessness/self-esteem disturbance', and 'activity intolerance/impaired physical immobility'. Fourth, the related factors of 'risk for injury' were low bone density, low balance, low visual and auditory ability, muscle atrophy, low cognitive function, danger environment, and knowledge deficit. the related factors of 'powerlessness/hopelessness/self-esteem disturbance' were low activity ability, social isolation, low motivation depression, change of daily pattern, decrease of memory, and disorientation. These findings have implications that risk for injury related to physical changes of aging is the most significant health problem of frail elders in diverse setting. In addition, emotional problems of powerless, hopelessness, and self-esteem disturbance are significant need to develop nursing intervention for frail elders in diverse setting.
Aged ; Aging ; Bone Density ; Depression ; Frail Elderly ; Humans ; Memory ; Motivation ; Muscular Atrophy ; Nursing Diagnosis* ; Nursing* ; Skin ; Social Isolation ; Students, Nursing*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell*

No abstract available.
Humans

BACKGROUND: Immunostaining to identify nuclear antigen provides a convenient way of assessing proliferative kinetics in hyperplastic/tumor tissue. OBJECTIVE: The object of this study is to find out whether there are any differences in the expression of proliferation related protein among psoriasis, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma by immunohistochemical evaluation on the PCNA (proliferative cell nuclear antigen) and Ki-67. METHODS: The detection of PCNA and Ki-67 were done by,immunohistochemical methods (avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase methods) using respective monoclonal antibodies in the paraffin embeded tissues from psoriasis (17 cases), basal cell carcinomas (15 cases) and squamous cell carcinomas (10 cases). RESULTS: The labelling indices of PCNA were 14.2±4.0% in psoriasis, 10.9±5.5% in basal cell cardinoma and 28.0±7.8% in squamous cell carcinoma, while the labelling indices of Ki-67 were 15.7±3.8% in psoriasis, 11.26.1% in basal cell carcinoma and 30.3±9.4% in squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: 1. Interpretation of Ki-67 staining was easier than that for PCNA, mainly because cell morphology was better preserved and the distinction between hyperplastic/tumor and nontumor cell was clear. 2. PCNA and Ki-67 counts had strong correlation to each other (r=0.979). 3. Our immunohistochemical results of PCNA and Ki-67 suggested that proliferative activity was more marked in psoriasis than basal cell carcinoma.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Kinetics ; Paraffin ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Psoriasis*

No abstract available.
Chorionic Gonadotropin* ; Female ; Gonadotropins* ; Humans* ; Ovulation*

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: How the ISQ values measured by Osstell(TM) and Osstell(TM) Mentor are related, and whether the ISQ values acquired from the two machines changes in accordance with changes in implant stability are not yet fully understood. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to find out correlation between the ISQ values acquired from Osstell(TM) and Osstell(TM) Mentor, and to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and accuracy of two devices. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty two implants were inserted into 47 patients, and their ISQ values were measured using Osstell(TM) and Osstell(TM) Mentor. In the first stage surgery, the ISQ values of forty four implants inserted into thirty five patients were measured. In the second stage surgery, the values of fifty implants inserted into thirty seven patients were measured. The values were analyzed to determine the difference between the mean ISQ values of Osstell(TM) and Osstell(TM) Mentor. In addition, the correlation between implants used in the first and second stage of surgery with regard to their types and areas of insertion were analyzed. The difference between the ISQ values of 32 implants in each patient during the first and second stage was analyzed. The statistical assessment was carried out using SPSS V. 12.0 for Win. (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlation between Osstell(TM) and Osstell(TM) Mentor in the first and second stages of surgery, whereas the difference between their ISQ values was evaluated using a paired t-test. RESULTS: In the first stage, the mean ISQ value for Osstell(TM) and Osstell(TM) Mentor was 70.84 and 75.09, respectively, showing a significant difference (P < .01). In the second stage, the mean ISQ value of Osstell(TM) and Osstell(TM) Mentor was 71.76 and 75.94, respectively, also showing a significant difference (P < .01). The difference between the ISQ values in patients in the first and the second stages was significant with both instruments. CONCLUSION: The significant difference in the values obtained using the Osstell(TM) and Osstell(TM) Mentor between the first and second stages of implant surgery indicates that these values can be a convenient and precise way for evaluating the implant stability in clinical practice.
Chicago ; Humans ; Mentors

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The status of tumor suppression gene can be assessed indirectly by analyzing the loss of heterozygosity. Hepatoblastoma is a malignant liver tumor in childhood. To find the molecular carcinogenetic mechanism of hepatoblastoma, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of p73, APC and p53 was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hepatoblastoma tissues from thirty-three cases were collected by lobectomy or tumorectomy. On H- stained sections, normal and tumor cells were microdissected separately and LOH analysis was perfomed using 8 markers: six of p73, one of APC and one of p53. RESULTS: Number of cases showing at least one LOH in six p73 markers was four out of twenty- six (15.4%): each LOH frequencies in D1S160, D1S170, D1S199, D1S228, D1S243 and D1S253 were in order of 7.7%, 0%, 9.1%, 0%, 12.5% and 0%. LOH frequency of APC was 41.7% and that of p53 was 13.3%. CONCLUSION: Low LOH frequency of p73 related markers indicates that p73 gene may not be implicated in carcinogenesis of hepatoblastoma.
Carcinogenesis ; Hepatoblastoma* ; Liver ; Loss of Heterozygosity*