No Abstract available.

Color Doppler echocardiography was performed to evaluate pulmonary venous flow pattern at 1st~2nd day of birth in 84 fullterm newborns (36: patent ductus arteiosus, 48: closed ductus arteriosus). Aortic and pulmonic diameter, velocity and integral were estimated. The purpose of this study ascertained that patent ductus arteriousus changed the pulmonary vein velocity and flow integral. The results were as follows. 1) There was no significant difference in aortic diameter and peak velocity, but significant difference in flow integral before and after closure of ductus arteriosus. 2) There was no significant difference in pulmonic velocity and flow integral, but significant difference in diameter before and after closure of ductus arteriosus. 3) Early systolic flow velocity, late systolic flow velocity, diastolic flow velocity in pulmonary vein were higher in patent ductus arteriosus group at 1st~2nd day, but atrial reversal flow velocity was not significantly different. 4) Diastolic pulmonary venous flow integral was higher in patent ductus arteriosus group at 1st~2nd day. Thus four distinct phases(early systolic wave, late systolic wave, diastolic wave, and atrial reversal wave) were identified before and after closure of ductus arteriosus. Left to right shunt via ductus arteriosus increased systolic, diastolic pulmonic venous velocity and diastolic flow integral. We will investigate pulmonary venous flow patterns in other left to right congenital heart diseases or mitral regurgitation.
Ductus Arteriosus* ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Parturition ; Pulmonary Veins

BACKGROUND: Biphasic or triphasic or quadriphasic pattern of pulmonary venous flow has been described by color Doppler echocardiography in normal subjects. Absolute velocity measurements varied with the position of the probe in relation to the pulmonary vein. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the normal pulmonary venous flow pattern and compare the data according to age, body weight, height and body surface area. METHODS: 244 normal children underwent transthoracic echocardiography from December 1992 to July 1993. Age ranged from newborns to 13 years. From the apical four chamber view, pulmonary venous flow velocity and integral were obtained. RESULTS: Quadriphasic pulmonary flow pattern(early systolic flow, late systolic flow, diastolic flow, atrial reversal flow) was identified. Pulmonary venous peak flow velocity was not different according to increasement of age, body weight, height or body surface area. But pulmonic flow integral was significantly increased according as increasement of age, body weight, height, or body surface area. CONCLUSION: Transthoracic color Doppler echocardiography is a good noninvasive diagnostic tool to evaluate pulmonary venous flow pattern in children.
Body Surface Area ; Body Weight ; Child ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pulmonary Veins

No abstract available.
Aorta* ; Blood Flow Velocity* ; Child* ; Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Humans ; Pulmonary Artery*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Infant*

No abstract available.
Erythroblastosis, Fetal* ; Gene Frequency* ; Infant, Newborn

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Vaccination*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult*

PURPOSE: Endothelin-1(ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide. It has potent contractile and proliferative effects on vascular smooth muscle cells. Congenital heart diseases are often accompanied by pulmonary hypertension, and the severity of pulmonary hypertension is important in the prognosis. The aim of this study was to elucidate changes of ET-1 after pulmonary venous stenosis in a dog model, and investigate the interaction between pulmonary venous pressure and ET-1. METHODS: Plasma ET-1 levels were measured by radioimmuno-assay at the thoracic aorta, left pulmonary artery and left pulmonary vein. Pressures were also monitored at the same sites. Immunohistochemical staining of ET-1 was performed in the lung tissue. RESULTS: Increased serum ET-1 levels were noted at 1 hour after left pulmonary vein stenosis in the left pulmonary vein and aorta, and at 2 days after stenosis in the left pulmonary artery. Left pulmonary venous pressure was significantly increased at 1 hour after pulmonary vein stenosis, and systolic pulmonary artery pressure at 2 days after stenosis. Increased expression of ET-1 was noted by immunohistochemical staining at the lung tissue at 7 days after stenosis of left pulmonary vein. CONCLUSION: Increased serum ET-1 level and expression of ET-1 in immunohistochemical staining at lung tissue were noted after stenosis of pulmonary vein. Serum ET-1 level would be useful in the diagnosis and prediction of pulmonary artery hypertension. (J Korean Pediatr Soc 2000;43:769 778)
Animals ; Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Diagnosis ; Dogs ; Endothelin-1* ; Endothelins ; Heart Diseases ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Lung ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Plasma ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Veins ; Venous Pressure

Exercise induced asthma (EIA) is defined as acute, reversible, usually self-limiting airway obstruction which develop after strenous exercise in patients with asthma. EIA is a bigger problem in children than adults due to more active and smaller airways which obstruct more easily when bronchospasm develops. The exercise elicited many change in pulmonary function of asthmatic children. These change could be measured by measurements of PEFR, FEV1, FVC, or SRaw. The propose of this study is to determine the changes and sensitivity of different pulmonary function test in asthmatic children. 37 asthmatic children exercised on free running and pulmonary function tests were performed before and every 5 minutes during 15 minutes after exercise. The results were as follows. 1) In 37 asthmatic children, EIA developed in 23 children (62%) and did not developed in 14 children (38%). The difference in sex, height, weight, total eosinophil count, serum IgF and test between EIA and Non-EIA were not significant (P>0.05). 2) In EIA group, %PEFR was changed from 109.56% to 83.56%, But in Non-EIA group, %PEFR was not changed before and after exercise loading test. 3) In EIA group, %FEV1 was changed from 90.91% to 74.87%. But in Non-EIA group, %FEV1 was not changed before and after exercise loading test. 4) In EIA group, %FVC changed from 91.83% to 75.35%. But in Non-EIA group, %FVC was not change before and after exercise loading test. 5) There was significant difference in pre-exercise specific airway resistance between EIA (6.7+/-1.7) and normal children (5.8+/-2.2)(p<0.05). In EIA group, %SRaw was changed from 115.7% to 161.2%. But in Non-EIA group, %SRaw was not changed before and after exercise loading test. 6) During the post-exercise observation period, increasement of SRaw was greater than changes in any other pulmonary function test. SRaw is the most sensitive test for the ditection of exercise induced airway obstruction is asthmatic children.
Adult ; Airway Obstruction ; Airway Resistance* ; Asthma ; Asthma, Exercise-Induced ; Bronchial Spasm ; Child* ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Running