No abstract available.
Critical Illness* ; Nursing*

Color Doppler echocardiography was performed to evaluate pulmonary venous flow pattern at 1st~2nd day of birth in 84 fullterm newborns (36: patent ductus arteiosus, 48: closed ductus arteriosus). Aortic and pulmonic diameter, velocity and integral were estimated. The purpose of this study ascertained that patent ductus arteriousus changed the pulmonary vein velocity and flow integral. The results were as follows. 1) There was no significant difference in aortic diameter and peak velocity, but significant difference in flow integral before and after closure of ductus arteriosus. 2) There was no significant difference in pulmonic velocity and flow integral, but significant difference in diameter before and after closure of ductus arteriosus. 3) Early systolic flow velocity, late systolic flow velocity, diastolic flow velocity in pulmonary vein were higher in patent ductus arteriosus group at 1st~2nd day, but atrial reversal flow velocity was not significantly different. 4) Diastolic pulmonary venous flow integral was higher in patent ductus arteriosus group at 1st~2nd day. Thus four distinct phases(early systolic wave, late systolic wave, diastolic wave, and atrial reversal wave) were identified before and after closure of ductus arteriosus. Left to right shunt via ductus arteriosus increased systolic, diastolic pulmonic venous velocity and diastolic flow integral. We will investigate pulmonary venous flow patterns in other left to right congenital heart diseases or mitral regurgitation.
Ductus Arteriosus* ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Parturition ; Pulmonary Veins

BACKGROUND: Biphasic or triphasic or quadriphasic pattern of pulmonary venous flow has been described by color Doppler echocardiography in normal subjects. Absolute velocity measurements varied with the position of the probe in relation to the pulmonary vein. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the normal pulmonary venous flow pattern and compare the data according to age, body weight, height and body surface area. METHODS: 244 normal children underwent transthoracic echocardiography from December 1992 to July 1993. Age ranged from newborns to 13 years. From the apical four chamber view, pulmonary venous flow velocity and integral were obtained. RESULTS: Quadriphasic pulmonary flow pattern(early systolic flow, late systolic flow, diastolic flow, atrial reversal flow) was identified. Pulmonary venous peak flow velocity was not different according to increasement of age, body weight, height or body surface area. But pulmonic flow integral was significantly increased according as increasement of age, body weight, height, or body surface area. CONCLUSION: Transthoracic color Doppler echocardiography is a good noninvasive diagnostic tool to evaluate pulmonary venous flow pattern in children.
Body Surface Area ; Body Weight ; Child ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pulmonary Veins

No Abstract available.

No abstract available.
Aorta* ; Blood Flow Velocity* ; Child* ; Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Humans ; Pulmonary Artery*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Infant*

No abstract available.
Erythroblastosis, Fetal* ; Gene Frequency* ; Infant, Newborn

To elucidate the role of plasmid-mediated AmpC-type B-lactamases in clinical practice, cefoxitin-resistant isolates of E. coli (19 strains) and K. pneumoniae (7 strains) from three hospitals in Korea were studied. All of the 26 isolates produced at least one j3-lactamase and 16 (62%) isolates produced AmpC-type B-lactamases poorly inhibited by clavulanic acid. In 16 such isolates, 4 kinds of AmpC enzymes were detected; the pI 8.0 AmpC enzyme in 11 isolates, the pI 8.9 in 3 isolates of E. coli, the pI 8.5 in 1 isolate of E. coli, and the pI 7.8 in 1 isolate of K pneumoniae. The pI 8.0 and 7.8 AmpC enzymes had an apparent molecular mass of 38 kDa and the pI 8.5 and 8.9 AmpC enzymes had a molecular mass of 35 kDa. Cefoxitin resistance was transmissible in six E. coli and three K pneumoniae strains due to a common AmpC-type B-lactamase with a pl of 8.0. This enzyme was confirmed to be CMY-1 B-lactamase by Southern blotting and PCR analysis. Four E. coli isolates produced large amounts of AmpC-type j3-1actamase. They were chromosomal AmpC hyperproducers carrying some alterations in the promoter and attenuator regions of the ampC chromosomal gene. The pI 7.8 AmpC enzyme is currently under study. In conclusion, this study showed that the CMY-1 plasmid-mediated cephamycinase play an important role in cephamycin resistance of K. pneumoniae and E. coli clinical isolates in Korea.
beta-Lactamases* ; Blotting, Southern ; Cefoxitin ; Clavulanic Acid ; Korea ; Pneumonia* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the effects of the hypertension self-help program on knowledge, self-efficacy, self-management compliance, and physiological parameters for workers with hypertension. METHODS: The subjects of study were 54 patients with hypertension, divided into 28 of experimental group and 26 of control group, working in a general work place located in K city from June to September, 2009. Experiment treatment was a 12-week self-care program given for two hours, once a week. RESULTS: After conducting a self-help program, the experimental group showed significant increase in knowledge level, self-efficacy, self-management compliance, and physiological parameters including blood pressure, BMI, total cholesterol level, neutral fat, and LDL-cholesterol of blood lipids compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: This program is greatly recommended for workshops.
Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Compliance ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypogonadism ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Self Care ; Workplace

PURPOSE: This study was to identify adolescents' smoking behavior and the status and need of smoking prevention education for adolescents. METHOD: The subjects were 375 students selected through convenient sampling from three middle schools and three high schools in Jeonbuk. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey and analyzed using SPSS 10.1. RESULT: The smoking rate was 20.8% and 83.7% the students experienced smoking prevention education. Students were educated by a special instructor (39.8%) or a health teacher (26.8%). Among the teaching methods, lecture was 69.4%, but some students (30.7%) wanted anti-smoking school. Among the students, 85.0% answered they want smoking prevention education and 46.7% said that it should be covered in regular curriculum. CONCLUSION: High interest and continuity are emphasized for the success of smoking prevention education. In addition, various teaching methods need to be developed including anti-smoking school, lectures, counselling and long term education program. Moreover, smoking prevention education programs need to be covered in regular curriculum.
Adolescent* ; Curriculum ; Education* ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Lectures ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Teaching ; Surveys and Questionnaires