No abstract available.
Animals ; Coal* ; Dust* ; Lung* ; Rats* ; Silicon Dioxide*

No abstract available.
Myocarditis* ; Stomach*

Hypnic headache is a unique headache disorder that occurs exclusively during sleep and often with "alarm-clock" consistency. It is a rare, benign, moderately severe, enduring headache syndrome that occurs in middle-aged to elderly adults and affects both sexes. The pathophysiology of hypnic headache is unknown, but its circardian periodicity and responsiveness to lithium suggest chronobiologic sleep disturbance contributing to the genesis of hypnic headache. We have recently experienced 2 cases of hypnic headache. They showed the characteristic signs of hypnic headache. We present our cases and discuss the pathophysiology of hypnic headache.
Adult ; Aged ; Headache Disorders ; Headache Disorders, Primary* ; Humans ; Lithium ; Periodicity

No abstract available.
Leg*

No abstract available.
Bilirubin* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Rhabdomyosarcoma* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament*

The insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) family is a critical component of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system which regulate the biological actions of the IGFs and may also be capable of IGF-independent actions. To date, seven distinct IGFBPs have been described. Among these IGFBPs, IGFBPs-1-6 bind IGFs with high affinity, while only IGFBP-7 binds with low affinity. Recently, we have demonstrated that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) also binds IGFs with low affinity, suggesting that a family of low-affinity IGFBPs, distinct from the high-affinity members, may exist, and together these constitute an IGFBP superfamily. IGFBPs have various biological roles. IGFBPs act not only as a carrier proteins, but also as a modulators of IGF actions by involving in IGF ligand-receptor interactions through influences on both the bioavailability and distribution of IGFs in the extracellular environment. In addition, some IGFBPs (IGFBPs-1, -3, and -5) appears to have intrinsic activity independent of IGFs. This review will focus on recent studies on the biological roles of IGFBPs in IGF-dependent and IGF-independent modes.
Biological Availability ; Carrier Proteins ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins* ; Somatomedins

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to survey the present conditions of adolescents' Internet use and to investigate the relations of Internet addiction to depression, social anxiety and problems in peer relationship. METHOD: Eight hundred and sixty-nine high-school students(male/female=371/498) were included in the study, each of whom completed a standard questionnaire related to Internet use determined. We assessed internet addiction and depressive symptoms of adolescents using Youngs Internet Addiction Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), respectively. Social Avoidance and Distress Scale were employed to measure social anxiety and avoidance. Fear of Negative Evaluation-Brief Scale was for fear of negative evaluation by other people. An Index of Peer relation was devoted to problems in peer relationships. Chi-square test and ANOVA were used to identify the present conditions of Internet addiction and to analyze the relations of Internet addiction with depression, social anxiety and problems in peer relationship. RESULTS: 1) Of these 869 subjects, 371(42.7%) were male students and 498(57.3%) were female. The mean age was 16.27 years(SD=0.82) and there was no significant difference between two sex groups. 2) Of these 869 subjects, 291(33.4%) showed addictive tendency and among them 18 subjects(2.07%) were classified into obvious addiction group. In this study, we defined upper 30% of Internet addiction scores as 'addiction group' and lower 30% as 'normal control group'. 3) Male students had significantly higher mean scores of Internet addiction scale than females and there was significantly higher rates of male students in addiction group. 4) Comparing two groups, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of the preferred types of Internet media, although addiction groups tended to use chatting and E-mail more, normal control group tended to use information search more. And there was no significant difference regarding games on the Internet. 5) There was more depressive tendency in line with more sensitive response against negative-evaluation and more problems of peer relationship in addiction group. However, there was no significant difference regarding anxiety on social situation. CONCLUSION: Compared to previous studies, findings from this study showed that the rates classified as the group of obvious Internet addiction were relatively lower. However, including those who had tendency of Internet addiction, about 30% of all subjects had problems related to Internet use. In addition, depression or relationship problems were triggered more severely in Internet addiction group. With these findings in mind we finally suggest that therapeutic approach to comorbid psychopathology as well as Internet addiction itself should be required.
Adolescent* ; Anxiety* ; Depression* ; Electronic Mail ; Female ; Humans ; Internet* ; Male ; Psychopathology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

STUDY DESIGN: Clinical and radiographic results of spine fracutre treated with pedicle screws and hooks were reviewed. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the efficacy of tile pedicle screw and hook for thoracolumar bursting fracture. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Despite of the mechanical advantage of the pedicle screw, the metal failure in short segment fusion has been reported. A biomechanical study showed additional laminar hook increased rotational strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1994 and 1996, seventeen patients who had a Denis type B bursting fracture of the thoracolumbar spine were treated by posterior instrumentation with pedicle screws and laminar hooks and auterior interbody fusion after partial corpectomy. They have been followed for an average of 13.4 months. RESULTS: At last follow-up, radiographs showed successful fusion of the injured spinal segment in all patient. The subsidence of grafts which were used In anterior interbody fusion was an average of 0.76mm. There was a loss of 2.6 degrees on average in the correction of the kyphosis. No patients had screw breakage or loosening. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that posterior fixation with screws and hooks, anterior decompression by partial corpectomy, and strut-grafting in patient who had a Denis type B bursting frafture of the thoracolumbar spine yielded good radiographic and functional results.
Decompression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Spine* ; Transplants