No abstract available.

During 1964 to 1967, a survey of 30,534 persons for filariasis was made on all over the country with the following results: Among 24,816 draftees from all over the country in the army recruitment camp 155(0.63 %) were found infected with Brugia malayi. Cheju Do showed the highest microfilaria rate(3.5 %), North Kyongsang Do(1.4 %) the next and South Cholla Do(1.2 %) the third. Blood films from 2,308 inhabitants were examined and 407(17.6 %) showed microfilaria in Cheju Do. 30(3.1 %) out of 974 inhabitants in North Kyongsang Do were found to be infected. The microfilaria rates were 2.0 per cent for 400 inhabitants of Chindo island in South Cholla Do. However, no positive case of microfilaria was found in the inhabitants of Kokumdo among 1,820 persons examined in South Cholla Do and of Namhae island(among 165 persons examined) in South Kyongsang Do. The mean microfilarial density per 20 cu. mm of blood was 52.6 in the inhabitants of Cheju Do, 12.2 in North Kyongsang Do and 27.3 in Chindo island(South Cholla Do). Any distinct relationship between the incidence of positive cases of microfilariae and age or sex of the cases was not observed in Cheju Do. However, in Norh Kyongsang Do and South Cholla Do the microfilaria rate of the male group is higher than the one of the female group of the inhabitants. From the above survey results it turned out that filariasis was found throughout Southern Korea except Kyonggi Do and South Kyongsang Do. A total 30,534 persons examined, 601(2.0 %) were found to be infected by Brugia malayi. Therefore, it seems that there are some endemic foci of malayian filariasis in three main areas such as North Kyongsang Do, South Cholla Do and Cheju Do.
parsitology-helminth-nematoda-Brugia malayi ; filariasis ; epidemiology ; Army

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the ball-cone contact interface variation on the ceramic ball stress which is the dominant factor of the design of the moldular artificial hip joint. A contact stress analysis problem is formulated using the optimization principle and finite element analysis technique on the ball-cone system of three dimensional axi-symmetrical model, Numerical procedure is employed to get the solution for varying angles of cones and angular mismatches between the ball and cone interfaces. There is a fair amount of friction in the interface and included in the analysis model.
Ceramics ; Finite Element Analysis ; Friction ; Hip Joint ; Hip

No abstract available.
Anxiety* ; Depression* ; Headache*

OBJECTIVE: Dorsal root entry zone(DREZ) operation has been the most common surgical treatment for paraplegic pain in the past, but the results differ according to the patients. In this study, we attempt to analyze the results from the patients by the different patterns of the pain before the surgery. METHODS: A total of twelve paraplegic patients have undergone a total of thirteen radiofrequency DREZ coagulation procedures between April 1994, and March 2003. The patients were divided depending on patients' subjective description on the character, frequency, and range of pain. RESULTS: The patients were divided into the two groups, postoperatively: improvement of more than 75% of pain was defined as treatment success, and any level less than 75% of improvement was defined as treatment failure. Eight of the ten mechanical pain group cases were regarded as treatment success, and remaining two cases with thermal type of pain as treatment failure. Also, one case with combined pain failed to obtain any favorable outcome. Intermittent pain group (6 of 7 cases), continuous pain group (2 of 6 cases), and localized pain group (7 of 11 cases) showed treatment success, respectively. However, diffuse pain group (1 of 2 cases) resulted in poor outcome. CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency DREZ coagulation is more effective in managing intermittent and/or mechanical pain than continuous and/or thermal pain in the paraplegic patients following spinal cord injury.
Humans ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Spinal Nerve Roots* ; Treatment Failure

This study was designed to observe morphological changes of the renal cortex and medulla of the rat kidneys after intravenous Escherichia coli injection following unilateral ureteral ligation. A total of 105 white rats weighing about 180-200g were used in the experiments. Animals were divided into 3 groups: Escherichia coli injection without ureteral ligation (Group I), unilateral ureteral ligation without intravenous Escherichia coli injection (Group II), and intravenous Escherichia coli injection following unilateral ureteral ligation (Group III). Each group consists of 35 rats. In group I, each rat was injected with about 2 X 10 8 Escherichia coli through the tail vein. In group II, each rat was ligated on the left ureter with silk ligature completely. In group III, each left ureter was ligated and 2 X 10 8 Escherichia coli was injected through the vein of rat tail. Kidneys were obtained 4 hour, 1, 3, 5, 7 days, 2 and 4 weeks after injection of E. coli or ligation of ureter. Specimen of the left kidneys were observed with light microscopy stained with hematoxylin-eosin. 1. In group I, pyelonephritis developed from the 3rd day to the 7th day, after intravenous injection of E. coli, After the 7th day pyelonephritis tended to heal spontaneously. 2. In group II, pyelonephritis developed on the 3rd day after ureteral ligation and inflammatory changes were aggravated progressively thereafter. 3. In group III. renal inflammatory changes were more severe and it progressed faster than in group II. 4. In group II and III, the inflammatory changes were more severe in the renal medulla than in the cortex.
Animals ; Escherichia coli ; Injections, Intravenous ; Kidney* ; Ligation* ; Microscopy ; Pyelonephritis ; Rats* ; Silk ; Ureter* ; Veins

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the initial stability of different implants placed above the bone level in different types of bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As described by Lekholm and Zarb, cortical layers of bovine bone specimens were trimmed to a thickness of 2 mm, 1 mm or totally removed to reproduce bone types II, III, and IV respectively. Three Implant system (Branemark System(R) Mk III TiUnite(TM), Straumann Standard Implant SLA(R), and Astra Tech Microthread(TM)-OsseoSpeed(TM)) were tested. Control group implants were placed in level with the bone, while test group implants were placed 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm above the bone level. Initial stability was evaluated by resonance frequency analysis. Data was statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance in confidence level of 95%. The effective implant length and the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) were compared using simple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: In the control group, there was a significant difference in the ISQ values of the 3 implants in bone types III and IV (P<.05). The ISQ values of each implant decreased with increased effective implant length in all types of bone. In type II bone, the decrease in ISQ value per 1-mm increase in effective implant length of the Branemark and Astra implants was less than that of the Straumann implant. In bone types III and IV, this value in the Astra implant was less than that in the other 2 implants. CONCLUSION: The initial stability was much affected by the implant design in bone types III, IV and the implant design such as the short pitch interval was beneficial to the initial stability of implants placed above the bone level.
Linear Models

Authors carried out experimental study on chemotherapy with oral administration of Dithiazanine iodide (D.I.) and Bithionol sulfoxide(B.S.) in rabbit clonorchiasis. And the following result was obtained. In change of the E.P.G (eggs per gram feces) by D.I. administration, it was rather increased in early stage of the administration than prior to administration, and thereafter decreased gradually. In the change of the C.S. worm body by D.I. administration, there was not only prominent change of supporting tissue but also the change of reproductive organ was found. In considering the wormicidal effect of D.I. from detecting rate of survival worms, the effect was slight in group of 100 mg(80 mg/kg) per day dosage, but the effects were very excellent and almost complete by proper times of administration in groups of 200 mg (130 mg/kg) per day or higher dosage. But the side effect and intoxication sign of D.I. were appearent in groups of 200 mg or higher dosage. By B.S. administration, E.P.G. was decreased gradually. In changes of the C.S. worm body by B.S. administration, prominent inhibitory chnnge was seen in egg formation ability. Slight wormicidal effect of B.S. was observed in groups of 140 mg (100 mg/kg) per day or higher dosage. Side effect and intoxication sign of B.S. were found little in groups of 140 mg or lesser dosage.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; clonorchiasis ; chemotherapy ; Dithiazanine iodide ; Bithionol sulfoxide ; rabbit

No abstract available.
Salivary Glands*

PURPOSE: This is a mixed method study to understand the experience regarding the job satisfaction of Physician Assistant (PA) male nurses. METHODS: First, factors influencing job satisfaction were analyzed using quantitative approach and job adaptation processes by qualitative research was done through interviews. Finally both of the collected data were comprehensively compared. RESULTS: The factors which had the greatest influence on job satisfaction in the regression analysis were job stress (β=-.49, p<.001) and job identity (β=.46, p<.001) and the explanatory power explaining these variables was 58% (Adj. R²=.58). The results of qualitative research were categorized using the same four variables with qualitative research variables. Five themes in job satisfaction, three themes in job identity, five themes in job stress and six themes in job value were identified by content analysis. CONCLUSION: This finding identified that the job stress and job identity were important variables related to job satisfaction. Therefore, the factors influencing job identity have to be strengthened, and a systematic management and interest to develop them are necessary.
Humans ; Job Satisfaction* ; Male* ; Methods ; Nurses, Male* ; Physician Assistants* ; Qualitative Research