BACKGROUND: If the corrections of the cryptorchid testes are delayed, it may lead the patients to suffer loss of testes or fertility. So we purposed to analyze the present status of correction and the causes of delay and tried to emphasize the needs to educate and inform the ideal age for correction. METHODS: Total 363 cryptorchid patients who visited our hospital in 10 years from January 1987 to December 1996 were divided into 3 groups according to their ages at visit as under 2, 3 to 5 and over 6 years groups. We analyzed the operative findings of the 3 groups, compared the ratio of the over 6 group during the half ten years till 1991 to the same ratio after 1992 and also analyzed the causes of delay in 81 patients for whom the causes of delay could be identified in over 6 years group. RESULTS: The age distributions showed 88 patients(24.2%) of under 2 years group, 118 patients(32.5%) of 3 to 5 years group and 157 patients(43.3%) of over 6 years group. When we compare the former 5 years till 1991 to the latter 5 years after 1992, the number of the patients who underwent orchiopexy under the age of 2 were increased from 34 (19.1%) to 54(29.2%) and those over the age of 6 were decreased from 88(49.4%) to 69 (37.3%) but still in higher proportion. The intraoperative findings showed that the rate of atropic or smaller testes than normal size in over 6 years group(128 testes, 73.1%) were higher than those of under 2 years(10 testes, 9.8%) and 3 to 5 years group(28 testes, 20.2 %). The most common causes of delay in over 6 years group was recommendation by relatives or neighbors(36 patients, 48.1%) and the remainders were advices of doctors other than urologists(27 patients, 33.3%), poor economic status(8 patients, 9.9%) and unawareness of the anomaly(7 patients, 8.6%). CONCLUSIONS: To prevent the loss of testicular function or testis itself in patient with cryptorchidism, the early correction should be performed because the recommended age for the correction tends to be decreased. The public information for the recommended age should be provided and also educational programs for the primary physicians are supposed to be performed.
Age Distribution ; Cryptorchidism ; Fertility ; Humans ; Male ; Orchiopexy ; Testis

No abstract available.
Female ; Laparoscopy* ; Methotrexate* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

No abstract available.
Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Mitomycin* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Borderline malignant ovarian tumor are characterized as neoplasrns exhibiting cellular priliferative changes greater than those seen in the benign form, but not showing destnictive invasion of the ovarian strama. We reviewed 14 cases of borderline ovarian tumor who had been diagnosed and treated at Kyung Pook university hospital from 1987 to 1992. We nnalysed the clinical features, treatment and prognosis which were compared to 24 cases of the epithelial ovarian cancer at the same period The most common histological thpe of boderline tumnr was mucinous type (1 l cases, 79%), the next one was serous type (3 cases, 21%). In FIGO stage of Borderline tumor, 11 caseS weve stage I a, 1 with stage II c, 1 with stage gb and 1 with stage lV, and the FIGO stage of 24 cases of ovarian cancer was 8 cases with stage I a, 1 with stage I b, 2 with stage I c, 1 with II c, 2 with stage III a, 1 with stage III b, 7 with stage III c and 2 with stage 1V. The mean age of borderline and malignant tumor was 37.1 and 47.6 years.. 3 cases were being pregnant on the operatian. In the 14 cases of borderline turnor, 7 cases were managed by conservative operation, but 1 case recurred 4 years later so extirpative operation and pastoperative chemotherapy were given. The other 4 cases were managed by extirpative operation but postoperative chemotherapy was given in only 1 patient. Follow up ranged from 7 to 72 months. 12 cases were alive. 2 cases died, one was stage III b, the other was atage IV. This atudy suggeat, that it is neceasary to follow up carefully even the early stage of botderline tumor and manage as oyarian carcinama in the advanced stage.
Drug Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mucins ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary* ; Prognosis

No abstract available.
Humans ; Biomarkers, Tumor* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

This 51 years old Korean house wife has been suffered from bullous and erosive eruptions on the abdomen, back, both thigh and legs, duration of three days with sudden onset Prior to admission she has had a erosion on the oral mucosa for one year. The diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris was confirmed by histopathology and immunoelectrophoresis. This patient was improved with treatment of prednisolone bu Lever's "Logarithmic fashion" and used the maintenance dose of prednisolone without recurrence.
Abdomen ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunoelectrophoresis ; Leg ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Mucosa ; Pemphigus* ; Prednisolone ; Recurrence ; Spouses ; Thigh

OBJECTIVE: The pathogenesis of endometriosis is generally accepted that retrograde menstruation and alterations in the local pelvic immune environment. This study was performed to help elucidate what kind of role various cytokines might play in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. METHOD: Concentrations of peritoneal fluid cytokines were compared in 7 women with normal pelvic finding and 23 women with endometriosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The patterns of cytokine mRNA expression in 8 ovarian endometrioma and 12 superficial pelvic endometriosis lesions were investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) amplification method. RESULT: Both IL-6 and IL-10 levels in peritoneal fluid specimens with endometriosis tended to be higher than normal. However, there were no significant differences between peritoneal fluid concentrations of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-5 of women with and without endometriosis. The levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher in peritoneal fluid of women with severe endometriosis compared to women with mild endometriosis. IL-1beta mRNA was expressed in all of 8 deep and 12 superficial endometriosis lesions. IL-5 and IL-6 mRNA were expressed in only two black lesions respectively, however, both were not expressed in the all deep lesions. Expressions of IL-10 mRNA occurred in one red and one black lesion while this was expressed in only one of the deep lesions. TNF-alpha mRNA was expressed in one red and one black lesion of 12 superficial lesions compared with four of the deep lesions. There was the difference between kinds of increased cytokines in the peritoneal fluid and those of expressed cytokines in the endometriotic lesions of patients with endometriosis. CONCLUSION: This study supports the concept that local immunologic factors may be important in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis. The pattern of cytokine mRNA expression of endometriotic lesions would seem to indicate that proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta and TNF-alpha are responsible for the development or progression of endometriosis.
Ascitic Fluid ; Cytokines ; Endometriosis* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-5 ; Interleukin-6 ; Menstruation Disturbances ; RNA, Messenger* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

To define the effectiveness of C-reactive protein (CRP) as indicator for early detection of the post-operative infection, it is essential to exclude possible normal changes of CRP influenced by surgery itself. We analyzed 44 patients who had done orthopaedic surgeries without any evidence of infection preoperative and postoperatively from May to Aug. 1995 at Dongsan medical center, Keimyung University. We checked the levels of Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and CRP levels at preoperative and postoperative 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and 21st day in all cases. In all cases, ESR increased up to 60mm/hr maximally and CRP increased to more than 10mg/dl at least one occasion within the first 3 weeks postoperatively. However CRP showed more rapid changes than ESR. The mean value of the CRP was increased maximally (7.2mg/dl) at 3 day after operation and then decreased rapid until 11 day. ESR was also increased at 3 day after operation, but it sustained high level until 21 day after operation. CRP appears to be more sensitive and rapid indicator as an acute phase reactant for the operation itself because CRP revealed more earlier and accentuated change after the operation. The changes of CRP showed same pattern regardless of operation time, use of tourniquet, use of transfusion and gender. In conclusion, within 3 day after operation, the high titer of CRP can not to be an indicator for early detection of the infection, because normal high titer can be developed by surgery itself. If there notes persistent high titer or more increasing pattern of CRP after postoperative 3 day or abnormal high titer of CRP after 11 day postoperatively, infection may be highly suspicious.
Blood Sedimentation ; C-Reactive Protein ; Humans ; Tourniquets

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*