Measurement of nocturnal penile tumescence or circumferential expansion is a valuable method for the diagnosis of erectile impotence. However, only a few investigation have been made of penile rigidity during tumescence with a single isolated measurement. Continuous and simultaneous recording of nocturnal penile rigidity and tumescence is preferred than measuring tumescence alone to define the features of nocturnal penile erection and differentiate psychogenic from organic impotence. Rigiscan is suitable for this purpose. This new method was used in 33 normal volunteers and 20 patients who complain erectile dysfunction. Circumferential expansion was not always accompanied by penile rigidity. A dissociation of rigidity between the tip and base of the penis was observed in some patients. Shortened episodes and low amplitude of rigidity and flat episodes also were seen. The higher the age, the shorter the duration and number of events were seen in normal group (P<0.05) . In patient group, event and duration were shorter than normal group (P<0.05). The findings of flat trace or abnormal erection provide valuable informations to screen the organic impotence. Because of its ambulatory character the continuous measurement of nocturnal penile rigidity is of value in defining features of nocturnal penile erection and differentiating psychogenic from organic impotence.
Diagnosis ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; Penis

Herpes zoster is a localized vesicular eruption limited to the dermatome of a singl spinal or cranial sensory nerve. It is thought that the varicella-zoster virus enters the sensory nerve ending during the course of chickenpox and spreads up to theganglion and remains there in a latent state. If immunity is impaired, the virus replicates and migrates along sensory nerves to the skin or eye causing the lesins of zoster. The ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve can be affected in the zoster patients. If ocular involvement occurs in association with a varicella-zoster infection of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve, a number of clinical changes may take place in the eye and adnexa. Therefore, authors analyzed 320 cases of the herpes zoster patients who had visited Chon Buk National University Hospital from 1981 to 1986. The results were as follows: 1. The sex distribution was 149(46.6%) male patients and 171(54.4%) females. 2. The peak incidence was in the 6th decades. 3. Thoracic nerve was involved in 134(41.9%) patients, lumbosacral in 65(20.3%), ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve in 59(18.4%), other trigeminal nerve, in 59(18.4%), and cervical in 28(8.8%). 4. 36 patients were associated with systemic diseases: tuberculosis in 12, diabetis mellitus in 8, steroid therapy for arthritis in 6, hepatitis in 5, malignancy in 4, physical trauma in 2, CO poisoning in 1, and chronic renal failure in 1. 5. Zoster ophthalmicus patients were 32 among 59 involved in ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. 6. The ocular leions were conjunctivities in 27(84.4%), keratitis in 13(40.6%), iritis in 10(31.3%), scleritis and episc1eritis in 9(28.1%), ptosis in 9(28.1%), and pupil distortion in 5(15.6%). 7. Complications and sequelae ensued in 23 patients: corneal opacity in 8, lid scar with retraction in 7, chronic ptosis in 3, post-herpetic neuralgia in 2, iris atrophy in 2, and chronic glauooma in 1.
Arthritis ; Atrophy ; Chickenpox ; Cicatrix ; Corneal Opacity ; Diagnosis* ; Female ; Hepatitis ; Herpes Zoster* ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iris ; Iritis ; Keratitis ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Male ; Neuralgia ; Poisoning ; Pupil ; Scleritis ; Sensory Receptor Cells ; Sex Distribution ; Skin ; Strabismus* ; Thoracic Nerves ; Trigeminal Nerve ; Tuberculosis

Malignant melanoma is the most common intraocular tumor in whites but rare in orientals. We experienced a case of malignant melanoma of the choroid in 39-year-old female who had decrease of vision of her right eye. Slit lamp examination through the dilated pupil showed a well delineated pigment mass in the vitreous cavity and ophthalmoscopic examination showed a large inferior retinal detachment. Diagnosis was made by ultrasonography and computerized tomography. The right eye was enucleated and was found to have a large pigmented mass of the choroid. Histopathologic examination of the choroidal mass disclosed a malignant melanoma composed of epitheloid cells. At the last visit, 4 months after enucleation, the patient was doing well.
Adult ; Choroid* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Melanoma* ; Pupil ; Retinal Detachment ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Biomarkers* ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*

Peri-vater divertieula may interfere with the normal flow of biliary and pancreatic secretion, thus leading to pancreatobiliary diseasa and the very presence of juxtapapillary diverticulum makes cannulation technically difficult and contributes to the low success rate. In this present series, the relationship between duodenal diverticula and age, sex, and biliary-pancreatic pathology was stud.ied in 1400 patients examined with ERCP. The results are as follows. 1) Duodenal diverticula was demonstrated in 73 of 1400 patients(5, 2%). 2) The incidence of duodenal divertieular increased with age and they were more frequent in men. 3) The cannulation of one or both duct system was suecessful in 69 of the 73 patients, the success rate was 94. 5%. 4) The biliary pathology was found in 41 of the 73 patients and the pancreatic pathology in 6 of the 73 patients. The rnost common finding was biliary calculi which were demonstrated in 35 patients(47. 9%).
Catheterization ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde* ; Diagnosis* ; Diverticulum* ; Gallstones ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Pathology

Hydroceles presenting in ten patients were treated by aspiration and injection of 2.5% phenol solution. In five patients, single treatment was sufficient, while four patients required two repeat treatments and one patient had three injection. Nevertheless all patients were satisfied. During injection and follow-up period, notable complication or side effect was not developed. As a result. we reported that sclerotherapy with 2.5% phenol for hydroceles is a highly effective, painless. safe and economical procedure and an attractive alternative to an operation particularly in elderly patient that hopes to avoid an operation, anesthesia and hospitalization.
Aged ; Anesthesia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hope ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Phenol* ; Sclerotherapy*

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhotic patients is a serious emergency which is associated with high mortality. Cirrhotic patients commonly have, in additian to esophageal varices, other upper gastrointestinal lesions which accont for occasional bleeding episodes. Since the theapy of bleeding esophageal varices differs from the treatment of nonvariceal bleeding, delay and inaccuracy in determining the source of bleeding contribute ta high mortality. (continue...)
Emergencies ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mortality

Objectives: We have been providing psychotherapy training for medical students enrolled in the course of ‘Clinical Practice.’ The aim of this study is to introduce the psychotherapy education developed in this process, conceptualize objective education methods, and check the impact of educational applications of psychotherapy for medical students. Methods: Psychotherapy was applied to the medical students during their clerkship in psychiatry. 221 medical students participated in this program from 2017–2019, which consisted of 2–3 people in a group. One was in charge of clients, and the other was an observer. Their clerkship was based on psychodynamic psychotherapy, especially Taopsychotherapy. Before and after the practice, participants completed a self-reporting questionnaire about ego identity, self-concealment, and professional help-seeking attitudes. Statistical analysis using a two-way repeated measure analysis of variance was conducted. Results: Participants learned of the nuclear feelings associated with the current problem and were surprised to find a connection with past experiences, but accepted the connection. Selfidentity decreased in the client role students (p=0.001), and professional help-seeking attitude increased in both client and observer role students (p=0.001). Conclusion In the general course of psychotherapy, patients are reminded of their first interpersonal relationships, like parents, and in the beginning, they only think of positive aspects under repressed emotions. However, they gradually recalled negative emotions. The above practical course featured this same pattern. As they recognized negative emotions that were repressed, self-identity decreased in client role students.

The impaired insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance (or decreased insulin sensitivity) play a major role in the pathogenesis of all types of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is very important to assess the pancreatic β-cell function and insulin resistance/ sensitivity to determine the type of DM and to plan an optimal management and prevention strategy for DM. So far, various methods and indices have been developed to assess the β-cell function and insulin resistance/sensitivity based on static, dynamic test and calculation of their results. In fact, since the metabolism of glucose and insulin is made through a complex process related with various stimuli in several tissues, it is difficult to fully reflect the real physiology. In order to solve the theoretical and practical difficulties, research on new index is still in progress. Also, it is important to select the appropriate method and index for the purpose of use and clinical situation. This review summarized a variety of traditional methods and indices to evaluate pancreatic β-cell function and insulin resistance/sensitivity and introduced novel indices.

The impaired insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance (or decreased insulin sensitivity) play a major role in the pathogenesis of all types of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is very important to assess the pancreatic β-cell function and insulin resistance/ sensitivity to determine the type of DM and to plan an optimal management and prevention strategy for DM. So far, various methods and indices have been developed to assess the β-cell function and insulin resistance/sensitivity based on static, dynamic test and calculation of their results. In fact, since the metabolism of glucose and insulin is made through a complex process related with various stimuli in several tissues, it is difficult to fully reflect the real physiology. In order to solve the theoretical and practical difficulties, research on new index is still in progress. Also, it is important to select the appropriate method and index for the purpose of use and clinical situation. This review summarized a variety of traditional methods and indices to evaluate pancreatic β-cell function and insulin resistance/sensitivity and introduced novel indices.