The characteristics of echocardiographic dilated cardiomyopathy according to its etiologic factors were studied from June, 1984 to September, 1986 in Pusan national University Hosptial. The cases included in the study were 144 patients, 90 cases of male and 54 cases of female respectively ranging the age from 17 years old to 79 years old. Patients with valvular heart disease were excluded in this study. The results were as follows: 1) Primary dilated cardiomyopathy was 40.3%, and secondary dilated cardiomyopathy was 59.7% of the study group. In secondary dilated cardiomyopathy, its etiologic factors were hypertension 17.4%, ischemic heart disease 27.8%, thyrotoxicosis 5.6%, chronic renal failure 4.8%, pregnancy 3.4% and alcohol drinking 0.7%. 2) Atrial fibrillation was noted in 32.6% of primary, 36.0% of hypertensive, 30.0% of ischemic and 62.5% of toxic cardiomyopathy. Conduction disturbance was noted in 57.1% of uremic cardiomopathy, it was far more frequent comparing with other cases of cardiomyopathy ranging 20-30%. 3) The frequency of end-diastolic internal dimension of left ventricle over 6.0cm was 58.6% in primary, 68.0% in hypertensive, 75.0% in ischemic, 71.4% in uremic and 40.0% in postpartum cardiomyopathy. 4) The frequency of ejection fraction of left ventricle below 40% was 17.2% in primary, 8.0% in hypertensive, and 28.2% in ischemic cardiomyopathy. 5) The paradoxical motion of anteroseptal wall of left ventricle was observed in 6.9% of primary, 4.0% of hypertensive, and 17.5% of ischemic cardiomyopathy. The ratio of anteroseptal wall motion to posterior wall motion below 0.4 was 15.6% in primary, 20.0% in hypertensive, and 25.0% in ischemic cardiomyopathy. 6) The frequency and grade of mitral regurgitation became increased with the dilatation of left ventricle. 7) The follow-up of cardiothoracic ratio was helpful significantly in the prediction of prognosis.
Adolescent ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Busan ; Cardiomyopathies ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated* ; Dilatation ; Echocardiography* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Male ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis ; Thyrotoxicosis

No abstract available.
Infection Control*

Antibiotics were reported to be able to alter bacterial surface properties in subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs). The effects of sub-MICs of certain antibiotics on a bacterial surface property such as hemagglutination, as well as on the cell morphology were studied using Streptococcus gordonii and Staphylococcus aureus. The effect of sub-M1Cs of antibiotics on the binding of these bacteria to immobilized fibrinogen were also investigated. The MICs of antibiotics were determined by culturing S. gordonii and S. aureus in media supplemented with serially diluted drug solutions, and one-half the MIC was used as the sub-MIC of the drugs, unless stated otherwise. Sub-MICs of antibiotics did not affect bacterial agglutination of erythrocytes. Microscopic observation of S. gordonii grown at sub-MIC concentration of 0.02 ug/ml of amoxicillin revealed cell enlargement of 1.6 times those grown without the drug. When grown in the sub-MIC amount of 0.08 ug/ml of cefazolin, most S. gordonii cells were enlarged and elongated into rod-shape, resulting in 3 times the size of the cells grown without the antibiotic. The data from the fibrinogen-binding experiments showed that the binding of S. gordonii to immobilized fibrinogen was increased with all the B-lactam drugs tested; the binding of S. aureus to immobilized fibrinogen, on the other hand, was decreased with the same drugs. The results show that low concentrations of certain B-lactam antibiotics are able to cause alterations in cellular morphology of S. gordonii and affect the binding of S. gordonii and S. aureus to immobilized fibrinogen.
Agglutination ; Amoxicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Bacteria ; Cefazolin ; Cell Enlargement ; Erythrocytes ; Fibrinogen ; Hand ; Hemagglutination ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus* ; Streptococcus gordonii* ; Streptococcus* ; Surface Properties*

A malformation of azygos and hemiazygos system were observed from the cadaver for anatomy practice in College of Medicine, Chungnam National University. The observing results were as followings ; Hemiazygos vein was connected with left superior vena cava and drained into coronary sinus, which engorged enough to fill up with blood about 20cc to 30cc. Communicating pathway from hemiazygos vein to azygos veln wasn't found the diameter of left brachiocephalic vein was very small, about 2mm to 3mm. And, the diameter of left internal jugular vein was smaller than that of right infernal jugular vein. In this case, the azygos and hemiazygos system ceased its development at early embryologic stage(around 7 week embryo) and didn't progress into next stage.
Brachiocephalic Veins ; Cadaver ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Coronary Sinus ; Jugular Veins ; Veins ; Vena Cava, Superior

No abstract available.
Pregnancy* ; Ultrasonography*

Van Wyk-Grumbach Syndrome is an advanced sexual development in association with primary hypothyroidism. The clinical feature in this syndrome is more consistent with stimulation of the FSH receptor by the markedly elevated TSH levels. Treatment of the hypothyroidism results in a rapid return to normal of the biochemical and clinical manifestations. We experienced a case of Van Wyk-Grumbach Syndrome and report with the brief review of related literature.
Hypothyroidism ; Puberty, Precocious ; Receptors, FSH ; Sexual Development

A twenty four-year-old female patient had suffered progressive dyspnea for 6 years until death. She denied any symptoms suggestive of connective tissue disease, or deep vein thrombosis. She suffered an episode of pontine infarct in 1995. Four years after diagnosis of primary pulmonary hypertension, she died of sudden death during hospitalization. Gross features of pulmonary arteries at autopsy were as follows: left main pulmonary artery showed dilation of the lumen and thickening of the wall, and right main pulmonary artery was markedly dilated and contained fresh thrombus. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of lung tissue showed plexiform lesions of pulmonary arteries, complete luminal obliteration of pulmonary arterioles and dilated lesion of pulmonary arterioles, and capillaries. This patient represents a typical case with a primary pulmonary arteriopathy with plexiform lesions with thrombotic lesion, demonstrating the importance of thrombosis in situ in the pathogenesis of primary pulmonary hypertension. To our knowledge, this is the first autopsy report on the primary pulmonary hypertension in Korea.
Arterioles ; Autopsy ; Capillaries ; Connective Tissue Diseases ; Death, Sudden ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Hematoxylin ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Korea ; Lung ; Phenobarbital ; Pulmonary Artery ; Thrombosis ; Venous Thrombosis

No abstract available.
Acetabulum* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip*

No abstract available.

The bone marrow biopsy is an integral part of the staging process in patients with malignant lymphomas. Bone marrow(BM) involvement indicates stage IV disease, but there are always a lot of cases in which clear separation is not possible when based on morphology alone. Additional difficulties are caused by morphologic discordance between the BM and the primary lymphoma. Immunohistochemical stain, mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) for light chain restriction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for IgH CDR3 and TCRgamma were performed to find a minimal lesion and the clonality in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues of 39 primary lymphomas and corresponding BM biopsy specimens. As a result, nine morphologically negative bone marrows of 18 lymphomas were positive by PCR (Group I). Among the 6 lymphoma cases with morphologically suspicious BM involvement (Group II), one was confirmed to be positive for marrow involvement by both mRNA ISH and PCR and the other four by PCR alone. The positive bone marrows of Group I and II revealed gene rearrangement at the same site as the primary lesion, suggesting the same clonality. Thirteen of 15 lymphomas with morphologically positive BM (Group III) had the same clonality in the primary lymphomas and the BM lesion. Three cases among the Group III with morphologic discordance also revealed the same clonality by PCR. This study shows that a combination of mRNA ISH and PCR in addition to an immunohistochemical stain improves the diagnostic sensitivity in the detection of BM involvement and identification of clonality. Among the three different methods used, PCR is the most sensitive in detecting a minimal lesion.
Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Formaldehyde ; Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lymphoma* ; Paraffin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger