BACKGROUND: A clinical trial was done to evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy and side effects of captopril(Capril(R)), an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. METHOD: Captopril was given 25-50mg a day to 46 patients(mean age : 51.3+/-8.9 years, 21 males and 25 females) for 8 weeks. RESULT: The blood pressure dropped significantly in 2 weeks and well maintained throughout 8 weeks of study period(p<0.01). The mean pressure drop was 14.4/8mmHg at 8 weeks without any changes of heart rate. The blood pressure was not dropped in 13 cases(28.3%). There were no significant changes in CBC, urinalysis and blood chemistry(sugar, lipids, electrolytes, creatinine, protein, albumin, AST and ALT) during this trial. The side effects were observed in 20 cases(43.5%). The most frequent was cough(19 cases, 413%) and the others were dysgeusia, dry eyes and edema in each respectively. CONCLUSION: Captopril(Capril(R)) monotherapy with 25-50mg a day regimen was effective in patient with mild to moderate essential hypertension, but somewhat high episodes of cough were observed in this trial.
Blood Pressure ; Captopril ; Cough ; Creatinine ; Dysgeusia ; Edema ; Electrolytes ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Urinalysis

It has been a long time since the cephalometrics was introduced to orthodontic field for diagnosis and treatment planning, but it's main concern was limited to hard, skeletodental tissue. It is well known that perioral and facial soft tissue determine the position of individual teeth and that the abnormality in size and shape of the soft tissue are able to cause malformed occlusion. Because of our lack of knowledge about resultant morphologic changes in the relationship between skeletal pattern and specific pattern of lingual and facial muscles, we can't help setting greater value on only abnormalities of teeth in the skeletal intettelationship. In a point of view that the orthodontist is dealing primarily with muscular structures atound the dentition, the tongue, lipsm and cheeks, theregore it may be desirable to estimate these structure and their potentral influence on the dentition on developmental and time base. The author hit upon on idea of the aspect above, so studied on the intermaxillary space and tongue space and this study used the data from cephalometric films of 33 male and 40 female subject aged from 6 to 11 years of normal Korean children. Followion results were obtained: 1. Means and stadatd debiation of Korean children were obtained. 2. Yearly increment of each variables were obtained. 3. There is the correlationship more than average among the variables except posterior intermaxillary heigh item. 4. There are differences between male children and female children in all variables except posterior intermaxillary space item. 5. All variables increased as the age increased except posterior intermaxillary height item of male children.
Cheek ; Child* ; Dentition ; Diagnosis ; Facial Muscles ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Tongue ; Tooth

No abstract available.
Overbite*

The purpose of this study is to investigate the cephalo-facio-dental relationships in the craniofacial complex and their changes with age, and to use them for diagnostic and treatment purposes m the orthodontics. The author studied on the changes of the cephalo-facio-dental relationshrps, using serial lateral cephalometric roentgenograms of 46 boys and 47 girls aged from 6 to 11 years of normal Korean children. Following results were obtained 1. Means and standard deviation of Korean children were obtained. 2. In the evaluation of the craniofacial vertical proportions, lower anterior face was larger than the upper, and upper posterior face was larger than the lower at all ages. 3. The growth change was more prominent in the anterior craniofacial vertical proportion than in the posterior, and growth increment In the upper anterior facial height dimension was larger than in the lower anterior. 4. In the evaluation of the craniofacial horizontal proportion, ANS, Pog, Go and 6 were all situated posterior to their reference arcs, and point B was always situated anterior to the arc passing by point A. 5. Anteroposterior growth change was the most prominent in the mandible, and there was no significant difference between the horizontal growth increment in the cranial base and that in the maxilla. 6. Growth increment in the horizontal direction was larger in the mandibular apical base than in the maxillary apical base. 7. The upper central incisor and the upper first molar were gradually anterior positioned against their reference arcs with age increase. 8. The length of mandibular corpus was larger than that of cranial base from the seven years old, and the difference was increased as the age increased. 9. With age, there was slight difference in the angular relationships formed by craniofacial reference planes and axial inclinations of upper and lower permanent teeth.
Child* ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Orthodontics ; Skull Base ; Tooth

No abstract available.
Facial Paralysis* ; Humans ; Malocclusion*

Predicting the arch length discrepancy by simply comparing the available arch perimeter with tooth materials is merely a 2-dimensional analysis of the teeth movement. However, the real teeth movement takes place 3-dimensionally and is affected by various factors such as, the arch form, the curve of Spee and the axis of the incisors. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between the decrease in the arch perimeter and the horizontal positional change of the incisors after extraction of the 1st bicuspids, for more analytic evaluation of the arch length discrepancy at pre-treatment model analysis stage. In addition to that to evaluate the effect of the curve of Spee, teeth axis to the basal plane, and the incisional crowding to the treatment outcome. All patients were treated at the department of orthodontics, dental hospital, Yonsei university. Inclusion criteria for patients selection were as follows. -Angle classification I malocclusion with bialveolar protrusion -Extraction of 4 1st bicuspids -No tooth anomaly or prosthesis -No abnormal attrition -No ectopically erupted teeth -Angle classification I canine and molar relationship -Less than 3mm of crowding Model analysis of the above patients was performed and the following conclusions were obtained. 1. When the intercanine distance was maintained, the available space for the distal movement of the mandibular incisors after the extraction of the 4 1st bicuspids was larger than the space provided by the extraction of the 4 1st bicuspids. However the difference was less than 1mm. The more tapered the anterior arch form, the larger the difference. 2. Compared to the situation in which the intercanine distance was maintained, when the intercanine distance was expanded to meet the width of the posterior teeth, the incisors could move about 3mm more distally. 3. The positional difference of the incisal tip was insignificant whether the central incisors were moved by tipping or bodily movement. 4. When the anterior crowding was solved without changing the intercanine distance, the larger the anterior arch length was, the more the anterior movement of the incisors. 5. When the curve of Spee was levelled, the increase in the arch perimeter was less than half of the deepest curve of Spee.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Bicuspid ; Classification ; Crowding ; Humans ; Incisor ; Malocclusion ; Molar ; Orthodontics ; Prostheses and Implants ; Tooth ; Treatment Outcome

No abstract available.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay*

No abstract available.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay*

No abstract available.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay*

Torsades de pointes is characterized by paroxysms of ventricular tachycardia at rates typically greater than 200 beats/min in which QRS morphology shows alternating polarity in an undulating pattern so that the complexes appear to be twisting about the beseline;this arrhythmia is virtually always associated with prolongation of the QT interval. Its importance lies not in its unusual structure but in the potentially fatal outcome if conventional treatment is administred. Torsades de pointes was diagnosed in 4 patients;the first with hypokalemia, the second with congenital QT prolongation syndrome, the third with amiodarone, the fourth with organophosphorous and hypokalemia. Treatment of these patients consisted of potassium supply, isoproterenol, lidocaine, phenobarbital, tenormin, phenytoin, cardioversion, atropine. Three patients improved successfully, but one patient died, as a direct result of the ensuing ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest on one hour after admission.
Amiodarone ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Atenolol ; Atropine ; Electric Countershock ; Fatal Outcome ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Hypokalemia ; Isoproterenol ; Lidocaine ; Phenobarbital ; Phenytoin ; Potassium ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Torsades de Pointes* ; Ventricular Fibrillation