No abstract available.
Humans* ; Saponins* ; Skin*

Forty three cases of the Tetralogy of Fallot for whom palliative surgical treatment was performed at the Department of Thoracic Surgery from January 1962 to October 1971 were reviewed in this study. 1. Sex ratio of the observed patients was 1.9:1, showing relating relatively high incidence on the male patients. 2. The age distribution in the series ranged from 2 to 24 years of age. and 31 patients were under 10 years of age. 3. On the electrocardiogram right ventricular hypertrophy pattern was observed in all of the patients and right axis deviation patern was observed in all except two cases which had dextrocardia and situs inversus visceralis. 4. The so-called "Pentalogy of Fallot" associated with atrial septal defect was observable in 7 cases and one of the pentalogy case had persistent left superior vena cava. Dextrocardia with situs inversus visceralis was observed in two cases. 5. Procedures employed in this series were as follows; Glenn operation in 13 cases, Bakulev operation in 1 cases, Blalock operation in 16 cases, Brock operation in 3 cases, Waterston's operation in 10 cases. 6. The operative mortality was 18.6% (8 cases).;i.e., 2 cases after Glenn operation, 2 cases after Brock operation, 1 case after Blalock operation, and 3 cases during or following Waterston's operation.
Age Distribution ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Dextrocardia ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; Incidence ; Male ; Mortality ; Palliative Care* ; Sex Ratio ; Situs Inversus ; Tetralogy of Fallot* ; Thoracic Surgery ; Vena Cava, Superior

By antegrade pyelography which was the modified Casey and Goodwin technique, 22 patients were examined in whom relatively accurate visualization of collecting system of the affected kidney could not be made by excretory or retrograde pyelography. Diagnosis established were 7 cases of delayed visualization. 15 cases of non-visualization of which 18 cases were renal tuberculosis, 2 cases were stricture of ureteropelvic junction, 1 case was stone on ureteropelvic junction and 1 was renal contusion due to trama. No complications occured during or after examinations. in selected cases of delayed and none visualization in suspected pyonephrosis and hydronephrosis. Antegrade pyelography is a safe and accurate diagnostic procedure to other accepted methods of urography.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Contusions ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Pyonephrosis ; Tuberculosis, Renal ; Urography

Epilepsy can be divided into idiopathic epilepsy and symptomatic epilepsy according to the existence ofunderlying organic disease. It has been said that the incidence of the symptomatic epilepsy caused by underlyingorgainic brain disease is higher in late-onset epilepsy after the age of 20 than in childhood-onset epoilepsy. CTis very sensitive and non-invasive method for detection of organic brain disease. 168 cases of late-onset epilepsyafter the age of 20 were studied by CT in recent 2 years were analyzed. The results were as follows; 1. The 3rddecade was the most frequent age group, and the ratio of male to female was 2.5;1. 2. Structural abnormality onbrain CT was demonstrated in 51.8% of hte patient. 3. The older the onset of age was, the higher the rate of theabnormal CT finding, except 5th decade which showed less CT abnormality than 4th decade. 4. The most frequenthistory related to epilepsy was trauma. 63.1% of the patients had no relevant history; and they showed CT findingsof brain tumor, atrophy and infarction in decreasing order of frequency. 5. Abnormal CT finding was demonstratedin 49.2% of normal neurologic examination and in 46.4% of normal EEG study. 6. The most frequent lesion ofabnormal CT scan in late-onset epilepsy was 30 cases(18.4% )of brain atrophy. The next frequent lesion was 18cases (10.7%) of brain tumor. Infarction, parasites and calcification were other frequnet lesions.
Atrophy ; Brain ; Brain Diseases ; Brain Neoplasms ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Male ; Methods ; Neurologic Examination ; Parasites ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Adenoma* ; Kidney*

No abstract available.
Adenoma* ; Kidney*

A case of 23 years old boy having ureteral injury caused by accidental gunshot wound. He had successfully treated by side to side anastomosis of the ureter following removed the injuries side of the ureter under the splinting ureteral catheter and nephrostomy.
Humans ; Male ; Splints ; Ureter* ; Urinary Catheters ; Wounds, Gunshot* ; Young Adult

There are many controversies concering primary treatment of fractures of the tibial shaft. Recently, flexible intramedullary nailing for the tibial shaft fracture has gained popularity, because of promotimg osteogenesis with early weight bearing and preventing ankylosis of the joints. Authors carried out retrospective study of the 142 tibial shaft fractures in 141 patients, and results were as analyzed. The results were as follow:l. Among 141 patients, 116 cases were male and 25 cases were female. The average age was 37 years and the most cause of injury was traffic accident. 2. The number of cases of closed and open fractures were 71 cases, respectively. The most common type of the fracture was comminuted and the level was middle third. 3. The number nails were inserted from two to five according to width of the medullary cavity and to gain of the stability after reduction at the fracture site. 4. Average bone union in X-ray was 17.8 weeks, 96 cases were united within 20 weeks and 43 cases were united after 21 weeks. 5. Complications were 3 cases of non-union and 17 cases of valgus deformity, within 12 degrees.
Accidents, Traffic ; Ankylosis ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Joints ; Male ; Osteogenesis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibia ; Weight-Bearing

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of two-phase dynamic helical CT, including the gastric mucosal phase, for the detection of atypical non-hyperattenuating early gastric carcinoma (EGC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 32 patients, we evaluated the two-phase helical CT findings of endoscopically suspected EGC for changes of the inner hyperattenuating mucosal layer, the hypoattenuating outer layer and the serosal surface. Two gastrointestinal radiologists working together reached their conclusions before pathologic diagnosis had been made. The first, so-called gastric mucosal, phase was obtained 38 -45 sec after the start of IV injection of 150 ml/sec contrast material at a rate of 4 ml/sec to obtain maximum enhancement of the mucosal layer. RESULTS: Among 32 patients, EGC was confirmed in 30 and AGC (T2) in two. Using two-phase helical CT, the detection rate for typical hyperattenuating EGC was 27 % (8/30). Lesions showing focal interruption of the mucosal layer without abnormal enhancement of the outer layer (EGC atypical enhancement pattern type 1) were detected in five patients during the mucosal phase, and were pathologically confirmed as 3 EGC IIc+III, 1IIc+IIa, and I IIb+IIc. Lesions showing a locally protuding lesion of the inner and preserved outer layers, with a smooth serosal surface (EGC atypical enhancement pattern type 2) and which could be distinguished from normal folds, were detected in six patients during the mucosal phase, and were pathologically confirmed as 2 EGC IIb+IIc, 1 IIc+IIa, and 3 IIc+IIb. Lesions were less distinct during the equilibrium phase, and there was no change in the enhancement pattern. The overall detection rate for EGC in which an atypical enhancement pattern was added to the typical one showed improvement (19/30, 63 % ). CONCLUSION: Helical CT using a two-phasic scan technique including the mucosal phase was efficient for various combinations of EGC II and/or III, including IIc. The findings were atypical and non-hyperattenvating, but reliable, and improved the overall detection rate.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Tomography, Spiral Computed*

Most patients with duodenal carcinoids are asymptomatic or suffer from nonspecific symptoms. But the tumors in the periampullary region may be associated with symptoms of obstruction related to the size of the lesion. Two serial internal dranage procedures (cystogastrostomy and cystojejunostomy) were performed in a 46-year-old man because of recurred pancreatic pseudocyst at an interval of five months. Eight months after the first operation, an abdominal CT showed a remained pancreatic pseudocyst. And duodenoscopic findings showed a luminally protrusing mass, with preserved mucosa at the second portion of duodenum. Local resection of the mass was perfomed. Grossly, the mass had a 2 cm-sized, well circumscribed yellowish appearance. Microscopic findings showed well-defined intramucosal mass having almost glandular and nest of tumor cells showing uniform round nuclei, glandular and basophilic cytoplasm. And the nonspecific neuroendocrine markers chromogranin and NSE are positive. We report a case of Periampullary duodenal carcinoid tumor with complicated pancreatic pseudocyst.
Basophils ; Carcinoid Tumor* ; Cytoplasm ; Duodenum ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; Pancreatic Pseudocyst* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed