The effects of BCG and vitamin A acetate, either alone or in combination were studied on rats with bladder tumors induced by N-butyl -N-(4 -hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine. Therapy was started at week 12 and all rats were sacrificed at week 20. Vitamin A acetate therapy significantly reduced the mean number of tumors and the incidence of bladder cancer. The combination of vitamin A acetate and intraperitoneal BCG therapy, more effectively reduced the mean number of bladder tumors and the incidence of bladder cancer than vitamin A acetate therapy alone did. BCG therapy also significantly reduced the mean number of tumors and the incidence of bladder cancer. The difference between the effect of intraperitoneal BCG injection and that of intravesical BCG was not statistically significant. The combination therapy of BCG and vitamin A acetate more effectively reduced the mean number or tumors than BCG therapy along did. The incidence of bladder cancer was also reduced though the statistical significance was not definite (p =0.07). The above results suggest that vitamin A acetate and BCG therapy after initiation of precancerous lesions, alter favorably the course of the experimental bladder cancers in rats and the combination of the two does more effectively.
Animals ; Bacillus* ; Incidence ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Rats ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Vitamin A* ; Vitamins*

Based on the theory that benign prostatic hypertrophy may be induced by androgenic effect of testosterone derivatives, especially 5-alpha - dihydrotestosterone, on prostatic tissue, Chlormadinone acetate(CMA), potent oral synthetic antiandrogen was investigated in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Twenty-two patients of prostatic hypertrophy were studied over six months period with a special reference to uroflowmetry and following results were obtained : 1) Chlormadinone acetate induced improvement of obstructive urinary symptoms in terms of uroflowmetric measurement. 2) It is very worthwhile to initiate medical treatment before undergoing any surgical intervention or when surgery is contraindicated.
Chlormadinone Acetate* ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Humans ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Testosterone

Effect of Enoxacin (Flumark), an oral pyridone carboxylic acid, in the urinary tract infection was evaluated clinically and susceptibility of 292 strains of microorganism isolated from urine to the various antimicrobial agents was tested and compared. Thirty six patients with urinary tract infection were given with 300 to 600mg of Enoxacin daily for 7 to 14 days according to severity of urinary tract infection. The clinical symptoms and urinary findings improved in 30 patients (83.3%) and no clinical response was achieved in 6 patients (16.7%), but revealing 100% response in 9 patients of acute uncomplicated cystitis. In the antimicrobial susceptibility test, Enoxacin was much superior to aminoglycoside, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Serratia spp., Enterobacter spp. and other Pseudomonas spp.. Enoxacin is a very effective and safe antimicrobial agent in treatment of the urinary tract infection.
Anti-Infective Agents ; Cystitis ; Enoxacin ; Enterobacter ; Humans ; Pseudomonas ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Serratia ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

Granuloma annulare is a common, benign, inflamatory, usually self-limited dermatosis. Disseminated perforating granuloma annulare is a rare variant of granuloma annulare. A 23-month-old female patient had asymptomatic, multiple umbilicated papules on the face, limbs including palms and soles, buttock and trunk for about 5 months. The new lesions have developed with mild fever or symptoms of upper respiratory infection. Histopathological examination revealed transepidermal elimination of mucinous degenerated collagen fibers and surrounding palisading lymphohistiocytic granuloma. After she was treated with prednisolone and antibiotics, the lesions slightly resolved, but thereafter, new lesions have developed frequently with mild fever. We herein reported a rare case of disseminated perforating granuloma annulare in the youngest patient yet reported.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Buttocks ; Child* ; Collagen ; Extremities ; Female ; Fever ; Granuloma Annulare* ; Granuloma* ; Humans ; Infant ; Mucins ; Prednisolone ; Skin Diseases

Forty three cases of the Tetralogy of Fallot for whom palliative surgical treatment was performed at the Department of Thoracic Surgery from January 1962 to October 1971 were reviewed in this study. 1. Sex ratio of the observed patients was 1.9:1, showing relating relatively high incidence on the male patients. 2. The age distribution in the series ranged from 2 to 24 years of age. and 31 patients were under 10 years of age. 3. On the electrocardiogram right ventricular hypertrophy pattern was observed in all of the patients and right axis deviation patern was observed in all except two cases which had dextrocardia and situs inversus visceralis. 4. The so-called "Pentalogy of Fallot" associated with atrial septal defect was observable in 7 cases and one of the pentalogy case had persistent left superior vena cava. Dextrocardia with situs inversus visceralis was observed in two cases. 5. Procedures employed in this series were as follows; Glenn operation in 13 cases, Bakulev operation in 1 cases, Blalock operation in 16 cases, Brock operation in 3 cases, Waterston's operation in 10 cases. 6. The operative mortality was 18.6% (8 cases).;i.e., 2 cases after Glenn operation, 2 cases after Brock operation, 1 case after Blalock operation, and 3 cases during or following Waterston's operation.
Age Distribution ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Dextrocardia ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; Incidence ; Male ; Mortality ; Palliative Care* ; Sex Ratio ; Situs Inversus ; Tetralogy of Fallot* ; Thoracic Surgery ; Vena Cava, Superior

Eight patients with superficial stage O or A transitional cell carcinoma and 1 patient with infiltrating stage B2 or C transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were treated with intravesical bleomycin sulfate every 5 or 7 Jays for 8 treatments. No hematologic, skin reaction and pulmonary fibrosis were observed in all patients. Doxorubicia hydrochloride was combined in 1 patient and definitive radiotherapy was added in the case with infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma, who was not a candidate for radical surgery. Follow-up cystoscopy and urine cytology should be done with at least 3 months interval in proof of effectiveness of intravesical chemotherapy. The possibility of obtaining even temporary regression and pronounced palliative effects or permanent cure using intravesical chemotherapy should not be underestimated and its clinical trial in superficial bladder tumor should be considered along with surgical therapy. General concept of intravesical chemotherapy is reviewed and discussed.
Bleomycin ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cystoscopy ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Radiotherapy ; Skin ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

Female urethral diverticulum is an uncommon entity but being diagnosed with increasing frequency according to improvement of diagnostic maneuver and increment of general awareness of the condition. Herein we reviewed 6 cases of female urethral diverticulum. Common presentations were dysuria, pus per urethra, frequency and postvoid dribbling. Variable sized masses were palpable on periurethral anterior vaginal wall Streptococcal infection. 2 diverticula were revealed in radiologic studies. Excision of diverticulum was performed in all patients. Intraoperatively urethral injury was made in 3 patients, among them 2 patients had no complication but one patient developed urethrovaginal fistula and urinary incontinence which did not disappear in 6 month follow-up. For the diagnosis of female urethral diverticulum, the most important thing is the high index of suspicion prior to many diagnostic tools.
Diagnosis ; Diverticulum* ; Dysuria ; Female* ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Streptococcal Infections ; Suppuration ; Urethra ; Urinary Incontinence

Forty five patients with urinary tract infection were treated with 100mg Norfloxacin twice daily for 3 or 7 days according to the seriousness of infection. Of the 19 patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infection including 5 patients with acute bacterial prostatitis or acute epididymitis, none had bacteriuria 7 days after therapy and 1 patient was reinfected 14 days after therapy discontinuation. Of the 26 patients with complicated urinary tract infection, 17 patients(65%) were uninfected 7days after therapy and among them, 3 patients were reinfected I4 days after discontinuation of therapy. Of the 9 patients with persistent infection, 4 patients had resistant bacteriuria and 5 patients had bacteriuria different from that found before therapy. Eradication rate of E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Serratia spp. were 100%,, 100%,, 100%,, 80% and 40%, respectively. Further clinical envaluation seems worthwhile especially in pseudomonas infections since it offers one of the very few alternatives for oral treatment of pseudomonas infections which today may require hospitalization only for the purpose of injectible antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteriuria ; Enterobacter ; Epididymitis ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Norfloxacin ; Prostatitis ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas ; Pseudomonas Infections ; Serratia ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

Estrogenic hormone in various doses and durations was administered to adult male white rats to study the hormonal effect on the prostatic gland. In this study 48 rats. weighing approximately 250 gm. were divided into 8 groups of six rats. Group 1: Control for 2 weeks experiment Group 2: Control for 4 weeks experiment Group 3. Administration of estradiol 0.5 mg., 7 doses Group 4: Administration of estradiol 0.5 mg., 14 doses Group 5. Administration of estradiol 0. 25 mg., 7 doses Group 6: Administration of estradiol 0. 25 mg., 14 doses Group 7: Administration of estradiol 0. 125 mg., 7 doses Group 8: Administration of estradiol 0. 125 mg., 14 doses Estradiol was administered every other Day as scheduled. One day after the final injection, the animals were sacrificed. Body weight and weight of the prostatic gland, both the ventral and the dorsal lobes, were obtained. The effect of estradiol in various doses on the prostatic size was observed to be almost the same throughout the experimental groups. But estradiol administered for longer periods has slightly more effect than when administered for shorter periods. The effect of estrogen administered to the rats with intact gonads did not antagonize or neutralize the endogenous testicular androgen, but did suppress the release of pituitary gonadotrophin, resulting in less production of testicular androgen. A large dosage of estrogen does not necessarily cause a marked reduction in the prostatic weight.
Adult* ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Estradiol ; Estrogens* ; Gonads ; Humans ; Male* ; Prostate ; Rats*

Androgenic and estrogenic hormones were administered to adult male white rats with intact gonads and adult male white castrate rats to study their effects on citric acid concentration of the prostate gland. In this study 30 male rats, 14 to 16 weeks of age, weighing approximately 250 to 300 gm., were divided into 5 groups of six rats: Group 1: Control Group 2: Administration of testosterone propionate 0.5 mg., 7 doses Group 3: Administration of estradiol 0.2 mg., 7 doses Group 4: Castration and administration of testosterone propionate 0.5 mg., 7 doses Group 5: Castration and administration of both testosterone propionate 0.5 mg. and estradiol 0.2 mg., 7 doses each. One day after the final injection with sex hormones, the animals were sacrificed and the prostatic citrate was determined using the Kim-Tesar modification of the Taylor's method. Estrogen administration to the male rats with intact gonads caused an increase in the prostatic citrate concentration. Testosterone propionate administration after castration returned the citrate concentration to normal, but estradiol administration along with testosterone propionate after castration caused a rise in the prostatic concentration of citric acid. Hypophysectomized white rats purchased from the Hormone Assay Laboratory were castrated and were administered androgen and estrogen to study their effects on the prostatic concentration of citric acid, 36 rats were divided into 6 groups of six rats: Group 1: Control (no hypophysectomy) Group 2: Hypophysectomy and castration Group 3: Hypophysectomy, castration and administration of testosterone propionate 0.5 mg., 7 doses Group 4: Hypophysectomy, castration and administration of both testosterone propionate 0.5 mg, and estradiol 0.5 mg., 7 doses each Group 5: Hypophysectomy castration and administration of both testosterone propionate 0.5 mg. and estradiol 0.25 mg., 7 doses each Group 6: Hypophysectomy, castration and administration of both testosterone propionate 0.5 mg. and estradiol 0.125 mg., 7 doses each. Hypophysectomy and castration caused a marked increase in the prostatic concentration of citric acid. When testosterone propionate was administered to hypophysectomized castrate, the ciric acid value returned to normal. Administration of estradiol along with testosterone propionate to hypophysectomized castrate caused changes in the prostatic citrate concentration according to the dosage of estradiol administered, the more the dosage, the more the concentration of the prostatic citrate. Concentration of the prostatic citrate can not be taken as an index of androgenic activity.
Adult ; Animals ; Castration ; Citric Acid* ; Estradiol ; Estrogens ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones* ; Gonads ; Humans ; Hypophysectomy ; Male* ; Prostate ; Rats* ; Testosterone Propionate