The effects of BCG and vitamin A acetate, either alone or in combination were studied on rats with bladder tumors induced by N-butyl -N-(4 -hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine. Therapy was started at week 12 and all rats were sacrificed at week 20. Vitamin A acetate therapy significantly reduced the mean number of tumors and the incidence of bladder cancer. The combination of vitamin A acetate and intraperitoneal BCG therapy, more effectively reduced the mean number of bladder tumors and the incidence of bladder cancer than vitamin A acetate therapy alone did. BCG therapy also significantly reduced the mean number of tumors and the incidence of bladder cancer. The difference between the effect of intraperitoneal BCG injection and that of intravesical BCG was not statistically significant. The combination therapy of BCG and vitamin A acetate more effectively reduced the mean number or tumors than BCG therapy along did. The incidence of bladder cancer was also reduced though the statistical significance was not definite (p =0.07). The above results suggest that vitamin A acetate and BCG therapy after initiation of precancerous lesions, alter favorably the course of the experimental bladder cancers in rats and the combination of the two does more effectively.
Animals ; Bacillus* ; Incidence ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Rats ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Vitamin A* ; Vitamins*

Based on the theory that benign prostatic hypertrophy may be induced by androgenic effect of testosterone derivatives, especially 5-alpha - dihydrotestosterone, on prostatic tissue, Chlormadinone acetate(CMA), potent oral synthetic antiandrogen was investigated in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Twenty-two patients of prostatic hypertrophy were studied over six months period with a special reference to uroflowmetry and following results were obtained : 1) Chlormadinone acetate induced improvement of obstructive urinary symptoms in terms of uroflowmetric measurement. 2) It is very worthwhile to initiate medical treatment before undergoing any surgical intervention or when surgery is contraindicated.
Chlormadinone Acetate* ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Humans ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Testosterone

Effect of Enoxacin (Flumark), an oral pyridone carboxylic acid, in the urinary tract infection was evaluated clinically and susceptibility of 292 strains of microorganism isolated from urine to the various antimicrobial agents was tested and compared. Thirty six patients with urinary tract infection were given with 300 to 600mg of Enoxacin daily for 7 to 14 days according to severity of urinary tract infection. The clinical symptoms and urinary findings improved in 30 patients (83.3%) and no clinical response was achieved in 6 patients (16.7%), but revealing 100% response in 9 patients of acute uncomplicated cystitis. In the antimicrobial susceptibility test, Enoxacin was much superior to aminoglycoside, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Serratia spp., Enterobacter spp. and other Pseudomonas spp.. Enoxacin is a very effective and safe antimicrobial agent in treatment of the urinary tract infection.
Anti-Infective Agents ; Cystitis ; Enoxacin ; Enterobacter ; Humans ; Pseudomonas ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Serratia ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

Granuloma annulare is a common, benign, inflamatory, usually self-limited dermatosis. Disseminated perforating granuloma annulare is a rare variant of granuloma annulare. A 23-month-old female patient had asymptomatic, multiple umbilicated papules on the face, limbs including palms and soles, buttock and trunk for about 5 months. The new lesions have developed with mild fever or symptoms of upper respiratory infection. Histopathological examination revealed transepidermal elimination of mucinous degenerated collagen fibers and surrounding palisading lymphohistiocytic granuloma. After she was treated with prednisolone and antibiotics, the lesions slightly resolved, but thereafter, new lesions have developed frequently with mild fever. We herein reported a rare case of disseminated perforating granuloma annulare in the youngest patient yet reported.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Buttocks ; Child* ; Collagen ; Extremities ; Female ; Fever ; Granuloma Annulare* ; Granuloma* ; Humans ; Infant ; Mucins ; Prednisolone ; Skin Diseases

Forty three cases of the Tetralogy of Fallot for whom palliative surgical treatment was performed at the Department of Thoracic Surgery from January 1962 to October 1971 were reviewed in this study. 1. Sex ratio of the observed patients was 1.9:1, showing relating relatively high incidence on the male patients. 2. The age distribution in the series ranged from 2 to 24 years of age. and 31 patients were under 10 years of age. 3. On the electrocardiogram right ventricular hypertrophy pattern was observed in all of the patients and right axis deviation patern was observed in all except two cases which had dextrocardia and situs inversus visceralis. 4. The so-called "Pentalogy of Fallot" associated with atrial septal defect was observable in 7 cases and one of the pentalogy case had persistent left superior vena cava. Dextrocardia with situs inversus visceralis was observed in two cases. 5. Procedures employed in this series were as follows; Glenn operation in 13 cases, Bakulev operation in 1 cases, Blalock operation in 16 cases, Brock operation in 3 cases, Waterston's operation in 10 cases. 6. The operative mortality was 18.6% (8 cases).;i.e., 2 cases after Glenn operation, 2 cases after Brock operation, 1 case after Blalock operation, and 3 cases during or following Waterston's operation.
Age Distribution ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Dextrocardia ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; Incidence ; Male ; Mortality ; Palliative Care* ; Sex Ratio ; Situs Inversus ; Tetralogy of Fallot* ; Thoracic Surgery ; Vena Cava, Superior

Eighteen unselected, consecutive cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, 18 unselected cases of other urological conditions in same age group have been studied with particular reference to the size of the glans penis. Of 18 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia,17 had prominently well-developed and large glans penis-"prostate-glans"-, while all cases of carcinoma of the prostate and most of control cases had small or ordinary-sized glans. There was no close correlation between the size of the glans and grade of prostatic enlargement. From this study, it might be concluded that prominently large glans is a possible sign of benign prostatic hyperplasia and those who have very large glans in association with urinary obstruction in elderly males are likely to have benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Penis* ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia*

Urodynamic studies were performed pre- and post-operatively in 21 cases of bladder outlet obstruction patients who were admitted to Seoul National University Hospital, during the period from March, 1982 to August, 1983. The following results were obtained. 1. Pre-operative maximum flow rates were below 15ml/sec in 20 cases and post-operative maximum flow rates were above 15ml/sec in 16 cases. 2. The pre-operative cystometric findings showed hyper-reflexia patterns in 7 cases(33%). Postoperatively hyper-reflexia patterns were disappeared in 4 cases of these cases. 3. The mean pre-operative prostatic urethral length was 5.9cm with prostatic plateau and the mean postoperative prostatic urethral length was 1.9cm without prostatic plateau. 4. In 3 cases of post-prostatectomy patients who had incontinence, urethral pressure profilometry and cystometry revealed normal maximum closing pressure and hyper-reflexia. 5. 8 patients with bladder neck contracture were treated by transurethral resection. Post-operative maximum flow rates were increased in all of these cases. In 5 cases, the maximum flow rates were above 15ml/sec.
Contracture ; Humans ; Neck ; Seoul ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urodynamics*

The records of 37 patients with penile cancer during the past 17 years were reviewed. 1. About 80% of patients delayed for more than 3 months to seek medical advice following initial symptoms. 2. Most common complaint was penile mass (81.1%). 3. All 37 patients were not circumcised during neonatal period. 4. Thirty five of 37 cages were squamous cell carcinoma. 5. Clinical stages were distributed as follows: 9 cases in stage I, 8 cases in stage II, 16 cases in stage III, and 4 cases in stage IV. 6. Nineteen patients (51.4%) had inguinal lymphadenopathy initially. Exploration was carried out in 14 cases and metastatic cancers were found in 8 cases (57.1%) Sentinel lymph node biopsy was done in 6 cases of non-palpable inguinal lymph node and metastatic cancer was found in 1 case. 7. Partical penectomy was performed in 33 cases, and total penectomy was done in 1 case. Two major complications were infection (29.4%) and urethral stricture (14.7%). 8. Bleomycin was administered to 17 patients after operation or biopsy. 9. Sixteen of 37 patients were followed for more than 2 years, revealing 2 year survival 83.3% in stage I, 60% in stage II. 33.3% in stage III and 0% in stage IV.
Biopsy ; Bleomycin ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; Penile Neoplasms* ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Urethral Stricture

The utilization of aortography, and especially of selective renal arteriography, has assumed a most important role in the clarification of renal diseases in Urology. Selective renal arteriography resolved the uncertainties, thereby permitting true clarification of the actual diseases in most cases of our own before surgery. In majorities, the preoperative diagnoses were confirmed by subsequent surgery. The intent of this report is to emphasize the usefulness of this procedure in the diagnosis of certain lesions of the kidney which were not clearly defined by conventional method . Total 90 cases of renal diseases, comprising 17 disease entities, with exclusion of normal arteriographic study including kidney donors are presented and analyzed arterlographically. There was no significant complications of femoral artery puncture except 2 cases of inguinal hematoma which were managed easily.
Angiography ; Aortography ; Diagnosis ; Femoral Artery ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Kidney ; Punctures ; Tissue Donors ; Urology*

Eight patients with superficial stage O or A transitional cell carcinoma and 1 patient with infiltrating stage B2 or C transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were treated with intravesical bleomycin sulfate every 5 or 7 Jays for 8 treatments. No hematologic, skin reaction and pulmonary fibrosis were observed in all patients. Doxorubicia hydrochloride was combined in 1 patient and definitive radiotherapy was added in the case with infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma, who was not a candidate for radical surgery. Follow-up cystoscopy and urine cytology should be done with at least 3 months interval in proof of effectiveness of intravesical chemotherapy. The possibility of obtaining even temporary regression and pronounced palliative effects or permanent cure using intravesical chemotherapy should not be underestimated and its clinical trial in superficial bladder tumor should be considered along with surgical therapy. General concept of intravesical chemotherapy is reviewed and discussed.
Bleomycin ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cystoscopy ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Radiotherapy ; Skin ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*