The principle of antituberculosis therapy is to apply a combination regimen of at least two bactericidal drugs to which the bacteria are susceptible for sufficient duration, thus improving the efficacy of the therapy and preventing the development of resistant strains. If a certain side effect develops during the therapeutic trial, the next step includes identifying the causative drug, estimating the type and magnitude of the side effect, and finally deciding whether the regimen should be discontinued. In a clinical setting, however, these decisions cannot be made easily. Many antituberculosis drugs causes similar side effects, and even if the causative drug is identified, the decision to discontinue the drug must be based on its relative importance in the current antituberculosis regimen. Effective application of antituberculosis medication requires the physician to fully understand what adverse effects each drug is associated with, which side effect necessitates withdrawal of the drug, and how to rechallenge the drug with side effects when it is absolutely required in the regimen.
Bacteria

Experimental hydronephrosis in rabbit induced by ureteral ligation a been studied on its development and recovery angiographically. Intrarenal arteries were perfused with 7.5% barium sulfate under pressure from 60mm. to 180mm. Hg over a period of 15-20 minutes after various periods of uretera1 ligation or after release of obstruction and angiographic results were as follows: l. Ligation of ureter for 3 to 7 days maintains almost normal intrarenal vascular architecture though the size of the kidney increases. Deligation restores completely normal vascularity within one Week. 2. Ligation for 1l to 2l days causes irregular pattern of vascular distribution. Restoration begins at one week, significant restoration occurs at two weeks but no complete recovery at three weeks. 3. Ligation for 30 to 60 days looses intrarenal vascular architecture. Restoration seems to begin at two weeks. No complete recovery is observed at three weeks. 4. Size of hydronephrosis and severity of intrarenal vascular changes do not correlate. 5. Intravenous pyelography and radioisotope renography are not very suitable to reveal detailed information on development and recovery process of hydronephrosis.
Arteries ; Barium Sulfate ; Hydronephrosis* ; Kidney* ; Ligation* ; Radioisotope Renography ; Ureter* ; Urography

Unnecessary extirpative surgical procedure should be avoided for renal tuberculosis but patients refractory to or intolerant of chemotherapy and patients unable to stay on long-term chemotherapy for any reason may still require nephrectomy. Cure of patients is more important than cure of the disease in terms of rehabilitation. The author divided therapeutic principles of the renal tuberculosis into six categories as follows and representing case of each was evaluated. Category 1: anti-tuberculous chemotherapy only Category 2: anti-tuberculous chemotherapy and renal surgery Category 3: anti-tuberculous chemotherapy and permanent urinary tract diversion such as cutaneous ureterostomy Category 4: anti-tuberculous chemotherapy and restoration of urinary tract patency following urinary diversion Category 5: anti-tuberculous chemotherapy and enlargement of contracted bladder Category 6: anti-tuberculous chemotherapy and removal of clinically healed kidney because of failure of rehabilitation.
Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Nephrectomy ; Rehabilitation ; Tuberculosis, Renal* ; Ureterostomy ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Diversion ; Urinary Tract

No abstract available.

There have been some pros and cons about the of routine intravenous pyelography in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Herein we analyzed 196 patients who underwent intravenous pyelography before prostatectomy at Dept. of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital from Jan. 1976. to Dec. 1983. Of 196 patients 140 (72%) showed normal upper tract with cystogram compatible with benign prostatic hyperplasia(Group I), 22(11%) dilated upper tract(Group II), 20(10%) incidental upper tract abnormalities including 9 urolithiasis(Group III), and 14(7%) completely normal findings(Group IV). There was a significant relationship between Group II and serum BUN value. Cystoscopy revealed evidence of prostatic enlargement in 14 cases and other abnormal findings including bladder tumor which were not shown on routine IVPs. We conclude that intravenous pyelography is not always necessary in diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia when urine analysis and serum BUN are normal Instead, we recommend KUB to observe renal outline and calculi, and preoperative routine cystoscopy to evaluate prostatic enlargement and bladder neck obstruction.
Calculi ; Cystoscopy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Seoul ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urography* ; Urologic Diseases* ; Urology

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of excretory urography, results were reviewed in 60 patients with chronic epididymitis. In 37 patients(of total 60 cases) who have neither scrotal fistula nor hematuria (microscopic or gross) nor positive urine AFB staining, there was no tuberculous finding in excretory urography. And findings consistent with renal tuberculosis were found in 11 cases (73% ) of 15 patients with scrotal fistula, in 9 cases (75%) of 12 patients with hematuria and in 4 cases (80%) of 5 patients with positive urine AFB staining. Therefore, routine use excretory urography in chronic epididymitis is revealing neither scrotal fistula nor hematuria nor positive AFB in urine is not always necessary for detection of renal tuberculosis in terms of cost effectiveness.
Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Epididymitis* ; Fistula ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Male ; Tuberculosis, Renal ; Urography*

A study was made on 72 cases of skin tumor and tumorous conditions of the eyelid and periorbita,l areas which were obtained as surgical pathology specimens during the period. of 5 years and 8 months from January, 1977 to August, 1982, at Department of Dermatology, Chosun University Hospital. The results were as follows. Of the 72 cases of skin tumor and tumorous conditions, 65 cases (90. 5%) were benign, and 7 cases (9. 7%) were malignant. The ratio of male vs. female was 1: 3. 6 for benign tumorous conditions and 6: 1 for malignant tumors. The peak age incidence for benign tumorous conditions were at the 3rd decade (R6. 9%). The peak age incidence for malignant tumors were at the R rd decade (28. 6%) and above the 7 the decade (28. 6%). The benign tumorous conditions were 21 cases (82. S%) of syringoma, 21 cases (82. 3%) of pigmented nevus, 6 cases (9. 2%) of epidermal cyst and 5 cases (7. 7%) of xanthelasma. The malignant tumors were R cases (42. 9%) of squamous cell carcinoma, 2 cases (28. 6,.) of basal cell epithelioma and 2 cases (28. 6%) of malignant melanoma. The predilection sites of the benign tumorous conditions were lower eyelid and inferior periorhital area (59. 1%). The predilection sites of the malignant t:umors were lower eyelid and inferior periorbital area (42. 9%).
Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Dermatology ; Epidermal Cyst ; Eyelids* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Melanoma ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Pathology, Surgical ; Skin* ; Syringoma

Influence of acute and chronic carbon monoxide poisoning on the rat prostate has been studied enzymologically and the following results were obtained: 1. An increasing tendency of the total lactate dehydrogenase activity in the prostate tissue was observed is the chronic poisoning groups. 2. The lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme distribution pattern was not remarkably influenced by chronic poisoning. 3. The lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme distribution pattern is the prostate tissue was as LDH5> LDH4> LDH3> LDH2> LDH1.
Animals ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning* ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase* ; Lactic Acid* ; Poisoning ; Prostate* ; Rats*

Influence of acute and chronic carbon monoxide poisoning on the rat testis has been studied enzymologically and the following results were obtained: Experimental animals were divided as 1) control, C1 (6 animals) 2) acute poisoning with 0.5% carbon monoxide until death, C2 (10 animals) 3) chronic poisoning with 0.05% carbon monoxide for 2 hours daily E1 (5 animals)...3 days/week for 8 weeks E2 (6 animals)...3 days/week for 4 weeks 4) acute poisoning until death with 0.5% carbon monoxide after chronic poisoning with 0.05% carbon monoxide E3 (5 animals)...chronic poisoning for 8 weeks plus acute poisoning E4 (5 animals)...chronic poisoning for 4 weeks plus acute poisoningUsing Neiland's method, the total activities and distribution patterns of lactic dehydrogenase in rat testis were measured. All of the data were analyzed statistically. 1. The total activities of lactic acid dehydrogenase in all experimental groups seemed to increase. In the group E3, the increase was statistically significant.(p<0.05) 2. No significant changes were observed in the lactic acid dehydrogenase isoenzyme distribution pattern of the testis. both is the control and experimental groups. 3. The lactic acid dehydrogenase distribution patterns were as fraction l>2>4>3>5 4. No significant histopathological changes were observed in the rat testis.
Animals ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning* ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase* ; Lactic Acid* ; Oxidoreductases ; Poisoning ; Rats* ; Testis*

Cystoscopy is important in staging of cervix cancer. However, there have been controversies about its routine use, interpretation of the result and necessity of biopsy during cystoscopy. Herein we analysed 1,049 cases. Among 1,049, 53 abnormalities (5.1 %) were found.; 22 grossly visible tumor invasion (2.1 %), 30 bullous edema (2.9 %), 1 transitional cell carcinoma (0.1 %). Transurethral biopsy was done on 14 cases with gross tumor invasion and 13 (92.9 %) showed microscopic bladder mucosa invasion, all of which were in from stage II b to IV. Bullous edema was analyzed by biopsy results, operative findings and computed tomography scan in 25 cases.; 13 bladder muscle invasion (52 %), 2 bladder mucosa invasion (8%), 5 normal bladder wall (20 %), 5 nonspecific inflammation (20 %). However, cystoscopic biopsy was unreliable in evaluation of bullous edema. Biopsy confirmed bladder mucosa invasion were found in 15 of 1,049 (1.4 %).; stage 0 to II a 0. stage II b 2.4%, III 11.3%, IV 15%. We conclude that cystoscopy is useful only in stage more than II b, bullous edema means bladder wall invasion in majority of cases and should be evaluated by noninvasive computed tomography and that biopsy should be reserved only in suspicious cases.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Cervix Uteri* ; Cystoscopy* ; Edema ; Female ; Inflammation ; Mucous Membrane ; Urinary Bladder ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*