These days the posterior chamber lens implantation following the extracapsular cataract extraction has become the standard procedure except those patients who cannot take it in one reason or another. In past, however, the anterior chamber lens implantation was popular for sometimes. Even now in those patient complicated by vitreous loss, the anterior chamber lens implantation following anterior vitrectomy is indicated in some cases. We have become interested in the difference of the intraocular pressure change in the patients who underwent the uneventful extra-capsular cataract extraction followed by anterior chamber lens implantation in routine manner and in those whose extra-capsular cataract extraction were complicated by vitreous loss and eventually needed the anterior vitrectomy before the anterior chamber lens implantation. We reviewed the medical records of 15 cases of the former group and 11 cases of the latter one in 1986 through 1988. There was some difference in the postoperative pressure in the two groups, but it was not statistically significant.
Anterior Chamber* ; Cataract Extraction* ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Medical Records ; Vitrectomy

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cryopreservation* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Mice* ; Ovum*

No abstract available.
Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic*

No abstract available.
Rabbits* ; Transplants* ; Zygoma*

Interposition arthroplasty of the hip is to create a new joint by interposing an inert and durable substance between the reshapened ends of the femoral head and acetabulum, usually for the treatment of the primary and secondary osteoarthritis of the hip. The major goals of arthroplasty of the hip are to relieve pain, restore joint motion, correct deformity, and to provide stability of the joint. We reviewed the follow-up results of 23 Smith-Patersen vitallium cup arthroplasties in a consecutive series of 20 patients with various arthritides of the hip, who were treated at the National Medical Center between January 1962 and December 1970. Average duration of follow-up was 2 year and 10 months. 1. Male to female ratio was 12:8. Average of the patients was 30 years. 2. Seven patients had rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis and five patients had ankylotic hips. Three patients had primary osteoarthritis and another three osteoarthritis secondary to Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. There were one case each of tuberculous arthritis and traumatic dislocation. 3. Average duration of admission was 7 weeks. 4. Weight bearing was started gradually at 12 weeks post-operatively in majority of the cases. 5. Over-all results of the 20 patients were satisfactory in 12 (60%), and unsatisfactory in 8 (40%). 6. Results of cup arthroplasty in patients with primary osteoarthritis and osteoarthritis secondary to Legg-Calve-Parthes disease were satisfactory in all 6 cases, but were unsatisfactory in 5 out of the 7 cases of the rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. 7. Three patients with bilateral cup arthroplasties yielded poor results. 8. Complications included eight infections and one each of early dislocation of the cup and periarticular new bone formation.
Acetabulum ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthroplasty ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Dislocations ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Joints ; Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease ; Male ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteogenesis ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing ; Vitallium ; Weight-Bearing

Trisomy 9p syndrome was first described by Rethore et al in 1970 and about 100 cases have been reported since. The phenotypic spectrum of this syndrome is characterized by craniofacial malformation, facial deformity, skeletal and dermatoglyphic anomalies with variable degrees of mental retardation. We experienced a case of partial trisomy 9 syndrome in a 15-month-old female who had multiple congenital anomalies of frontal bossing, oblique antimongoloid palpebral fissures, enophthalmos, hypertelorism, globular prominent nose, down-turned mouth, prominent low-set ears, simian creases of both hands, clinodactyly and single crease of 5th finger, congenital dislocation of both knees and mental retardation. In cytogenetic studies using G banding technique and fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH), she presented with an extra derivative chromosome No. 9. The karyotype of the patient was confirmed as 47,XX,+der (9),t (6:9) (q27;q21.2) mat. We report the case with the review of the associated literatures.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Cytogenetics ; Dermatoglyphics ; Dislocations ; Ear ; Enophthalmos ; Female ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypertelorism ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; Karyotype ; Knee ; Mouth ; Nose ; Trisomy*

PURPOSE: Despite appropriate preventive measures, measles outbreaks occurred in the year of 1989-1990 and 1994 in Korea. Especially, the ratio of young infantile patients below 15 months old was high in those outbreaks, and the reason was, we thought, low serum level of measles specific IgG antibody in pregnant women and low transplacental transfer rate of measles specific IgG antibody to neonate. This study was performed to evaluate the serum level of measles specific IgG antibody in term pregnant women- neonate pairs. METHODS: During Oct. 1. 1994 to Mar. 31. 1995, we collected the 44 paired sera of term pregnant women and their neonate(umbilical cord) in Anam hospital of Korea university medical center and then we measured the measles specific IgG antibody using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA: Sigma Diagnostics, SIATM Measles IgG Kit). RESULTS: 1) There was close relationship between maternal and neonatal umbilical cord sera in the level of measles specific IgG antibody(r=0.9288, p<0.001). 2) The mean antibody level of neonates was higher than that of mothers by 1.4 times (p<0.05). 3) The seropositivity of measles specific IgG antibody in term pregnant women was 45.5%(20/44) and that of neonatal umbilical cord was 56.8%(25/44). CONCLUSIONS: Above results demonstrates that the seropositivities and levels of measles specific IgG antibody in term pregnant women and neonates were lower than expected value and partially explain the reasons for the recent measles epidemic in Korea.
Academic Medical Centers ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Measles* ; Mothers ; Pregnant Women* ; Umbilical Cord*

PURPOSE: School-based violence among adolescents is a serious public health problem. Recently, it seems to spread and intensify. We were trying to investigate the information about adolescent's experience, witness and perception in violence, thus to offer the data for appropriate violence prevention methods on our circumstance. METHODS: During July, 1996, 3,794 middle or high school students in the metropolitan area of Korea were surveyed. The self-administered questionnaires made with multiple choice system were given and writing names was not required. From the questionnaire, we obtained the information of violence experience, witness, frequency, time, place, kind, assailant, counselor, outcome, feeling, preparation, cause, motive and prevention. RESULTS: 1) Reports show that at least one in four students have been a victim of violence in or around school. Twenty-five percent has been a victim of repeated violence. One in three students has witnessed violence. Generally boys experienced and witnessed more than girls. Middle school students experienced more than high school students. 2) The characteristics of school-based violence in the metropolian area of Korea-after school, on the street-by the students of other school whom they don't know-to be stolen money-no serious outcome-to feel like revenge after violence -to counsel with friends - to work with other friends for prevention of violence. 3) The perception of the actual state of school-based violence was- it is serious. - the most common motive was to feel like to have money or things. - the common fundamental causes were the wrong educational system and the parent's indifference. - the preventive methods were to change the wrong educational system and parent's positive interest. 4) A lot of repeated school-based violence were occurred in the school. The more frequent violence was, the more severe physical and psychological injury was and the more active preventive methods were. CONCLUSIONS: School-based violence among adolescents in the metropolitan area of Korea spreads widely and intensifies more. Thus, immediately the concrete countermeasure for school-based violence is necessary.
Adolescent* ; Counseling ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Korea ; Public Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Violence* ; Writing

PURPOSE: To report a case of cataract surgery using a piggyback method in a patient with pure nanophthalmos with an axial length under 16.00 mm in both eyes. CASE SUMMARY: The authors performed cataract surgery using a piggyback method inserting two intraocular lenses (IOLs) in a 44-year-old male with nanophthalmos with axial lengths of OD 15.36 mm, and OS 15.59 mm. Primary implantation of two IOLs of +53.0D as calculated by the SRK/T and Holladay formula was performed in the right eye using a piggyback method. In the left eye, two IOLs of +60.0D calculated by the Hoffer Q formula were implanted. Postoperative hyperopic refractive errors occurred in both eyes. The differences between the preoperative target spherical equivalent (SE) and the postoperative one year four month SE were 9.68D in the right eye and 1.63D in the left eye. CONCLUSIONS: Due to high diopter IOL requirements in nanophthalmic patients (less than 16.00 mm) during cataract surgery, the refractive errors were well corrected, without complications, by using a piggyback method. In the present case study, the Hoffer Q formula produced better results than did the SRK/T or Holladay formula in reducing the difference in preoperative and postoperative SEs, but more surgical cases and research are required to establish the most appropriate formula for cataract surgery in nanophthalmos.
Adult ; Cataract ; Eye ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Male ; Refractive Errors

It is well known that the bona pellucidae of mouse oocytes become 'hardened' when they are allowed to mature in vitro in the absence of serum components. To see if oocytes already undergone meiotic resumption in vivo exhibit similar zona hardening, hardening of ZP of cumulus-enclosed oocytes(CEOs) was examined after culture in vitro since their release from follicles various hours after hCG injection. When CEOs matured in vivo for 3h or longer were subjected to culture in vitro for 14h with BSA alone, zona hardening was significantly reduced compared to those cultured in vitro from the begining of maturation. However, when CEOs matured in vivo for 5h were freed from cumulus cells and then cultured in vitro with BSA alone, little reduction of zona hardening was observed. Preincubation of CEOs for 5h with fetuin, one of the well known inhibitor of in vitro zone hardening, did not prevent bona hardening during its subsequent culture of CEOs for 14h without fetuin. However, when CEOs precultured with both fetuin and PMSG for 5h and then further cultured with BSA alone for 14h, zona hardening was dramatically reduced. Under these conditions, the expansion of cumulus cell was observed. In addition, CEOs cultured with both BSA and dbcAMP to prevent their meiotic resumption showed a significant increase of zona hardening. Whether the observed zona hardening was correlated with the conversion of ZP2 to ZP2f was examined. Zona pellucida, isolated from CEOs matured for 5h in vivo and then further cultured with BSA alone was subjected to SDS-PAGE. Most of ZP2 molecules from these CEOs did not undergo conversion from ZP2 to ZP2f. From these results, it is concluded that CEOs undergone meiotic resumption in vivo do not exhibit bona hardening when they were subsequently cultured in vitro without serum components. It appears that cumulus cells play an important role in this phenomenon.
Animals ; Bucladesine ; Cumulus Cells ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Fetuins ; Herpes Zoster* ; Mice* ; Oocytes* ; Zona Pellucida