Leiomyoma is commonly found in the female genital tract, but occurrence in the urinary bladder is very rare with only 235 cases reported in the literature. These tumors have been classified as intravesical (63%), intramural (7%) and extravesical (30%) depending on the direction of the growth. We report a case of intravesical leiomyoma of the urinary bladder in a 36 year-old woman who exhibited dysuria and urinary retention. The gross and microscopical findings of leiomyoma of the bladder are similar to those of the uterus. Immunohistochemical stains for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) revealed diffuse nuclear staining in smooth muscle cells, supporting the hypothesis of hormonal influence in tumorigenesis.
Adult ; Carcinogenesis ; Coloring Agents ; Dysuria ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Retention ; Uterus

PURPOSE: Congenital hypothyroidism(CH) is not uncommon disorder, leading to retardation of mental development and growth, if not treated early. The aim of this study is to determine the factors influencing IQ of children with CH, diagnosed after 1 month of life. METHODS : Thirteen children with CH were included. They had intelligence test by KEDI-WISC(Korean Educational Development Institute-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) and their medical records were reviewed. Their T4, TSH, height, age at diagnosis were investigated retrospectively. To evaluate the influence of T4, TSH, height, age at diagnosis on IQ, children were divided into three groups ; athyroid(n=8), sublingual(n=3), inborn errors of thyroid hormone synthesis(n=2) according to the result of thyroid scan. Results : In athyroid group, IQ closely correlated to VIQ and PIQ and had close relationship to T4 at diagnosis(.p=0.0086, r=0.8427), but no relation to TSH. There was no difference in height, T4 TSH, and IQ between athyroid and sublingual group. CONCLUSION : The results suggest that intellectual function in children with CH, diagnosed after 1 month of life depends on serum level of T4 at diagnosis. Further study is mandatory to elucidate the relationship between final IQ and factors, including thyroid function, age at diagnosis, adequacy of treatment, etc.
Child* ; Congenital Hypothyroidism* ; Diagnosis ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Gland

PURPOSE: This study was carried out to provide the theoretical understanding of mothers' child-rearing attitude and the eventual purpose was to contribute to the development of nursing interventions to help mothers have love-automous childrearing attitudes which will foster child development and enhance harmonious child-mother relationship. METHOD: The data were collected from April to september, 2002 by questionnaires with 130 married child-rearing mothers. Mothers' child-rearing attitudes were rated on the 5-point sclae of Schaefer's Maternal Behavior Research Instrument(MBRI). RESULT: 1) In love vs hostility and autonomy vs control, the score of love(3.79) is higher than hostility(2.64) and the score of autonomy(3.54) is higher than control(2.58). 2) In love-autonomous child-rearing attitude(3.69) is highest than hostility-control(2.75), love-control(2.70), hostility-autonomous (2.54) child-rearing attitude and the direction is autonomy-->love. CONCLUSION: Nurses assess mothers' child-rearing attitude and provide teaching and counselling to help mothers to form love-autonomous child-rearing attitude.
Child ; Child Development ; Hostility ; Humans ; Love ; Maternal Behavior ; Mothers ; Nursing ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The objectives were to examine following 2 questions related to cognitive profile for the children with Williams syndrome (WS); 1) Is there a significant advantage for verbal IQ over performance IQ in WS?; 2) Is there selective impairment in visuospatial ability in the children with WS? MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five children with WS with the age of 90.86+/-20.73 months were compared with 12 children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) or Down syndrome (DS) with comparable age and IQ. RESULTS: All 5 children with WS showed intellectual disability whose mean scaled scores were 15.71+/-9.27 in verbal subtests and 14.29+/-7.50 in performance subtests, which did not show significant difference. There was no significant difference in the total sum of scaled scores of verbal subtests among WS, PWS and DS. There was no selective impairment in subtests which represented visuospatial tasks for the children with WS. However, the scaled score of object assembly was significantly lower in WS (2.29+/-0.95) compared to that of PWS (4.75+/-2.77; P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The general notion that the children with WS would be relatively strong in verbal function when compared with their overall cognitive function was not observed in this study. The verbal function of the children with WS was not better when compared to the children with DS or PWS. There was no selective impairment of visuospatial function in the children with WS at this age. However, the visuospatial function was significantly low in the children with WS only when compared to the children with PWS.
Child ; Down Syndrome ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; Intellectual Disability ; Nitro Compounds ; Prader-Willi Syndrome ; Williams Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Hemolysis is one of the chief side-effects of dapsone. But the frequency and severity of hemolysis have not been fully elucidated in patients with leprosy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of dapsone on hematologic profile in patients with leprosy. METHODS: We did a retrospective analysis of the effect of daily dapsone(100mg/day) in 26 newly-registered cases undergoing multi-drug therapy. Complete blood count(CBC) was performed on their initial visit and at intervals between one and six months. In 10 cases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PD) levels were determined and in 12 cases iron study was performed. RESULTS: 1. The average hemoglobin was found to fall by 2.9+/-1.4g/dl, from 13.2+/-1.5g/dl, to a nadir of 10.5+/-1.5g/dl(p<0.01). 2. In 13 cases in whom red cell profiles were available, there was a hemoglobin fall from 12.8+/-1.5g/dl to 10.8+/-1.7g/dl(p<0.01) and a hematocrit fall from 37.0+/-4.6% to 32.9+/-4.8%(p<0.05). There was a increase in mean corpuscular volume(MCV) from 90.7+/-2.9fl to 95.2+/-2.8fl(p<0.01). The mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC) changed from 31.3+/-2.3pg/cell to 31.2+/-1.4pg/cell(p<0.05) and from 34.6+/-2.2g/dl to 32.9+/-0.7g/dl(p<0.05), respectively. 3. Ten patients had G-6-PD measured and nine had normal levels. One with a low G-6-PD had a relatively dramatic hemoglobin fall. 4. Serum iron studies in 12 cases revealed reduced serum iron in 6 cases but normal or increased ferritin in all cases and decreased total iron binding capacity(TIBC) in 6 cases. CONCLUSION: After dapsone treatment almost all patients had a fall in their hemoglobin concentration and an increase in MCV. Impaired iron utilization was a common finding and deficiency of G-6-PD may be a factor aggravating the hemolytic effect of dapsone in leprosy patients.
Dapsone* ; Erythrocyte Indices* ; Ferritins ; Glucose-6-Phosphate ; Hematocrit ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Iron ; Leprosy* ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Hemolysis is one of the chief side-effects of dapsone. But the frequency and severity of hemolysis have not been fully elucidated in patients with leprosy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of dapsone on hematologic profile in patients with leprosy. METHODS: We did a retrospective analysis of the effect of daily dapsone(100mg/day) in 26 newly-registered cases undergoing multi-drug therapy. Complete blood count(CBC) was performed on their initial visit and at intervals between one and six months. In 10 cases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PD) levels were determined and in 12 cases iron study was performed. RESULTS: 1. The average hemoglobin was found to fall by 2.9+/-1.4g/dl, from 13.2+/-1.5g/dl, to a nadir of 10.5+/-1.5g/dl(p<0.01). 2. In 13 cases in whom red cell profiles were available, there was a hemoglobin fall from 12.8+/-1.5g/dl to 10.8+/-1.7g/dl(p<0.01) and a hematocrit fall from 37.0+/-4.6% to 32.9+/-4.8%(p<0.05). There was a increase in mean corpuscular volume(MCV) from 90.7+/-2.9fl to 95.2+/-2.8fl(p<0.01). The mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC) changed from 31.3+/-2.3pg/cell to 31.2+/-1.4pg/cell(p<0.05) and from 34.6+/-2.2g/dl to 32.9+/-0.7g/dl(p<0.05), respectively. 3. Ten patients had G-6-PD measured and nine had normal levels. One with a low G-6-PD had a relatively dramatic hemoglobin fall. 4. Serum iron studies in 12 cases revealed reduced serum iron in 6 cases but normal or increased ferritin in all cases and decreased total iron binding capacity(TIBC) in 6 cases. CONCLUSION: After dapsone treatment almost all patients had a fall in their hemoglobin concentration and an increase in MCV. Impaired iron utilization was a common finding and deficiency of G-6-PD may be a factor aggravating the hemolytic effect of dapsone in leprosy patients.
Dapsone* ; Erythrocyte Indices* ; Ferritins ; Glucose-6-Phosphate ; Hematocrit ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Iron ; Leprosy* ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: At the present time, more than 100 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) developing in neurotrophic ulcers of leprosy have been reported. But the histopathologic features and the differences between SCC in leprosy and de novo SCC was not described. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of SCC in leprosy and to investigate growth dynamics of SCC in ulcers in leprosy. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical features and the degree of histopathologic differentiation of 13 cases of SCC in ulcers of leprosy patients presenting at the KLCA from 1986 to 1998. And immunohistochemical staining with PCNA(proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and TUNEL staining were done in paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 18 sites of 13 cases of SCC in ulcers of leprosy. RESULTS: 1. The average duration of leprosy and of an ulcer prior to diagnosis of SCC was 43 years and 19 years, respectively. 2. Histopathologic grading of 13 cases was performed as follows:10 cases were well-differentiated and 3 cases were moderately-differentiated. 3. The PCNA LI(labelling index) was 47.26+/-7.38% in well-differentiated group and 48.86+/-9.39% in moderately -differentiated group. 4. The apoptotic index(AI) was 45.57+/-8.68% in well- differentiated group and 29.38+/-1.06% in moderately differentiated group. The AI in de novo SCC was 45.09+/-6.18%. CONCLUSION: (1) Malignant change in chronic ulcer in leprosy may be found more often if patients are examined with care. (2) Our leprosy case with SCC is a 63-year-old male with past history of lepromatous leprosy of 43 year duration having ulcer problems for 19 years before presenting with SCC on an average. (3) High-degrees of malignancy in SCC of leprosy patients might be caused by extended cell survival due to decreased apoptosis rather than increased cell proliferation.
Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Leprosy* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Ulcer*

We report a case of clear cell acanthoma occurred in a 61 year old man. He developed a brownish bean sized nodule on the left chest 3 years ago. The skin lesion has slowly increased in size without any subjective symptoms. Histopathologic examination revealed proliferation of clear cells within a sharply demarcated area of the epidermis. The presence of numerous neutrophils throughout the epidermis were also noted.
Acanthoma* ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neutrophils ; Skin ; Thorax

We describe the characteristic clinical and pathologic findings of three cases of constrictive bronchiolitis. All three patients were middle-aged women with chronic respiratory illness characterized by chronic cough, dyspnea, mild to severe obstructive pulmonary dysfunction, relatively normal chest radiographs with occasional peribronchial infiltration, and lack of response to bronchodilators or prednisolone. The patients also had medical diseases such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and hyperprolactinemia in case 1 and 3, respectively. None of the patients smoked cigarettes and had clinical evidence of recent viral lower respiratory tract infection. Histologic study by open lung biopsy revealed a spectrum of changes ranging from active cellular bronchiolitis to obliterative peribronchiolar fibrosis. The intervening interstitial and alveolar areas showed no remarkable lesion. Immunohistochemically, the bronchiolar or peribronchiolar inflammatory infiltrates mainly comprised of mixed T- and B-lymphocytes. It may be possible that the active form of constrictive bronchiolitis is initiated by attendant lymphocytic inflammation of the airways, which is followed by fibrous obliteration of bronchioles.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Bronchiolitis/immunology/*pathology ; Bronchoconstriction/*immunology ; Female ; Human ; Middle Age ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/immunology/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology

No abstract available.
HIV* ; Korea*