No abstract available.

Adhesive forces between the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium, which is mainta ined by active mechanisms unique for living animals, deteriorates rapidly after death and leads to spontaneous retinal detachment. Change of retinal adhesiveness in rabbits after death was investigated using a new method. Retinal detachment was induced by applying various levels of aspiration power from 0 to 1OO mmHg to the vitreous cavity using a vitrectomy instrument immediately after the rabbit was killed without enucleation. And the time required for creating the retinal detachment was measured. Retinal adhesiveness deteriorated and spontaneous retinal detachment occurred 28 minutes and 35 seconds after death confirming the active adhesion between the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium before death Increase of aspiration power led to shortening of time required for creating retinal detachment. From aspiration powers of 0 to 100 mmHg, the common logarithm of time required for retinal detachment was inversely proportional to the aspiration power [IogY = 1.45215 - 0.01113X, (R2=0.99041), X: aspiration power (mmHg), Y: time required for creating retinal detachment (minutes)]. Thus, presumed time of retinal detachment could be estimated between the aspiration powers of 0 to 100 mmHg.
Adhesiveness ; Adhesives* ; Animals ; Postmortem Changes* ; Rabbits ; Retina* ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vitrectomy

No abstract available.
Cystitis, Interstitial* ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide*

The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of beta-glucan originating from Aureobasidium on full-thickness skin wound healing in diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/ db mouse models. In the diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db model, test articles were topically applied twice a day for 20 days starting from 1 day after wounding. The results were compared to that of MadecassolTM ointment (madecassol; 1% Centella asiatica extracts) topically applied at a concentration of 100 mg/kg. Treatment with beta-glucan resulted in significant (p<0.01 or p<0.05) and dose-dependent decreases in wound size compared with that of vehicle control showing increased wound size (WS, %). In addition, 50% contraction time (CT50) was dramatically and dose-dependently reduced, and inflammatory cells in granulation tissues of the wound area were significantly (p<0.01 or p<0.05) and dosedependently reduced compared with that of vehicle control showing increased numbers of micro-vessels and fibroblasts as well as re-epithelialization. In the madecassol group, similar changes in inflammatory cells and fibroblasts with re-epithelialization were also observed, but madecassol did not influence angiogenesis. No meaningful changes in body weight were detected in all tested groups compared with the vehicle control. Therefore, these data suggest that beta-glucan has a beneficial effect on diabetic delayed skin wound healing and may be useful to manage incurable skin wounds in diabetic animals.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Centella ; Fibroblasts ; Granulation Tissue ; Mice* ; Re-Epithelialization ; Skin ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

Changes in the cardiovascular and bispectral index score were evaluated in dogs subjected to constant rate infusion (CRI) with alfaxalone. Fifteen dogs were assigned to three groups of 5. Groups and doses of alfaxalone were as follows: group 1, 3 mg/kg for induction and 6 mg/kg/h for CRI; group 2, 3 mg/kg for induction and 8 mg/kg/h for CRI; and group 3, 3 mg/kg for induction and 10 mg/kg/h for CRI. CRI was maintained for 1 h. Respiratory rates and blood pressures showed minimal changes; however, mild tachycardia and mild hypoxemia occurred, especially in group 3. There were some disparities between bispectral index score, electromyography and pedal withdrawal reflex test when measuring anesthetic depth. Additional premedications and/or analgesic agents would be helpful to avoid adverse effects of alfaxalone and provide improved cardiopulmonary functions.
Analgesics ; Animals ; Anoxia ; Dogs* ; Electromyography ; Premedication ; Reflex ; Respiratory Rate ; Tachycardia

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Methemoglobinemia*

BACKGROUND: There are many rating scales for assessment of geriatrics. But each of these scales were not sufficient to evaluate comprehensive geriatric assessment, physical and psychologic efforts for care. METHODS: We developed new scales to comprehensive geriatric assessment for care of geriatric patients. The Geriatrics Physical Support Scale(GPSS) evaluates physical effort consists of 10 areas and the Geriatrics Global Support Scale(GGSS) evaluates general condition of patients consist of 6 areas. Eighty probable and possible AD patients received the Clinical Dementia Rating Rating Scale(CDR), Korearn version of Mini-Mental State Examination(K-MMSE), Barthel Activity of Daily Living Index(B-ADL) GPSS, GGSS. We tested internal consistency, correlation among dementia rating scales. RESULTS: The GPSS correlated to CDR -0.63(p<0.01), B-ADL -0.90(p<0.01) and the GGSS correlated to CDR -0.60(p<0.01), B-ADL -0.75(p<0.01). The internal consistency were 0.69(GGSS), 0.92(GPSS). CONCLUSION: The Geriatrics Global Support Scale evaluate general condition of patients and the Geriatrics Physical Support Scale evaluate physical efforts needed for care of geriatric patients. These scales an also brief and easy rating scales to grade degree of caregiver`s burden.
Dementia ; Geriatric Assessment ; Geriatrics* ; Humans ; Physical Exertion ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The animal model of allergic rhinitis is important to study the pathophysiology of allergy and to design an effective therapy to ameliorate allergic diseases. Despite of numerous reported animal models of allergic rhinitis, there were few reports of murine model sensitized with house dust mite, which is one of the most common antigen that induce allergic rhinitis. The aim of this study was the establishment of the murine model for house dust mite allergy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were sensitized with Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) crude extract in complete Freund's adjuvant and repetitive intranasal instillation of Der f extract a total of 6 times at 1 week intervals (group A). In some mice, allergen was intranasally instilled at 1 week intervals without sensitization of allergen (group B). RESULTS: After allergen challenge, nasal symptoms were significantly increased in group A mice. Histopathologically, the number of eosinophil in nasal mucosa were also significantly increased in group A and B mice. High level of Der f-specific IgE antibody was observed in group A mice, whereas those of group B mice was low. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that house dust mite allergy can be developed by systemic sensitization of Der f extract with adjuvant and intranasal instillation of allergen. This is more effective method than local sensitization of allergen only.
Animals ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; Dust* ; Eosinophils ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Mice* ; Models, Animal ; Nasal Mucosa ; Pyroglyphidae* ; Rhinitis*

No abstract available.
Femur* ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary* ; Tibia*