No abstract available.
Drug Therapy*

Anticancer drugs kill tumor cells and increase host anti-tumor immunity. Interestingly, gemcitabin (Gem) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), widely used anticancer drugs, lead to IL-1beta secretion releasing cathepsin B which activates Nlrp3 inflammasome in myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSC derived IL-1beta enhance secretion of IL-17 by CD4+ T cells. This mechanism limits the antitumor efficacy of the drugs and promotes tumor growth.
Cathepsin B ; Cathepsins ; Fluorouracil ; Interleukin-17 ; T-Lymphocytes

PURPOSE: This study was performed to examine parenting attitude and stress according to personality type in elementary school students' mothers. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 206 mothers of students. The measurement instrument was the questionnaire consisting of Korean-version MBTI and PSI test. Data was collected from March 15th to April 15th, 2008. RESULTS: Among personality types by function, ST type was most, occupying 60.2%. Among personality types by temperament, SJ type was most, occupying 59.2%. The score of affective attitude was highest among the parenting attitudes. Parenting attitude was significantly different according to age, education, economic status, number of children, planned pregnancy, factor of stress, and family type. Parenting stress was significantly different according to planned pregnancy and factor of stress. In parenting attitudes by personality types, affective attitude was significantly different. Parenting stress was significantly different according to personality type by function. There was a negative correlation between affective and autonomic attitudes and parenting stress. There was a positive correlation between rejective attitude and parenting stress. CONCLUSION: It would be essential to provide dynamic developmental programs for increasing the children's social ability, and nursing intervention, education and counseling programs for decreasing parenting stress through understanding mothers' personality type.
Child ; Counseling ; Education ; Family Planning Services ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Nursing ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Temperament ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Background & Objectives: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of radiculopathy in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients through electrodiagnostic tests, to assess associated radicular pain characteristics,and to investigate the relationship between pain and other clinical manifestations of PD. Methods: Electrodiagnostic testing including nerve conduction studies and needle electromyographywas performed to investigate comorbid peripheral neuropathy or radiculopathy. All patients were asked to complete aquality of life (QOL) measurement related to pain. Results: Thirty-two (39%) of 82 PD patients had radiculopathy based on electrodiagnostic testing. 46.9% with radiculopathy patients had involvement of multiple roots level. The most commonly involved root was L5 (83.3%). Patients with radiculopathy had longer PD durations (p=0.011) and higher posture-related axial scores on the UPDRS scale (p=0.017).There was a trend for pain in the leg and low back to occur more frequently in PD patients with radiculopathy. QOL is not significantly different according to the presence of radiculopathy in PD. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a high prevalence of radiculopathy, particularly multiple root involvement, and is correlated with pain complaints and with axial motor scores on UPDRS. These findings might be related to increased shear force at the intervertebral disc by axial rigidity and flexed posture in PD along with the duration and severity of PD disease course.
Parkinson Disease ; Radiculopathy

Sedation plays a crucial role in successful pediatric imaging, and chloral hydrate is commonly used for this purpose. However, the challenges associated with chloral hydrate administration, such as its unpleasant taste and potential induction of vomiting, remain a concern. Sweet oral solutions have emerged as potential solutions for reducing distress and providing analgesia. This study compared the efficacy of dextrose combined with chloral hydrate with that of conventional sedation methods. This prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical study enrolled 160 pediatric outpatients scheduled for echocardiography. Chloral hydrate syrup (100 mg/mL) was supplemented with a dextrose solution (dextrose group) or distilled water (control group) in a 1:10 volume ratio. The sedation achievement time, Skeie scale score, revised Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) score, and side effects (nausea, vomiting, hypoxia, and respiratory depression) were assessed. No significant difference in average time to achieve sedation was observed between the dextrose and control groups (24.4±17.8 vs. 24.7±17.1 min, p=0.92). Both groups demonstrated similar levels of sedation according to the Skeie scale and mean revised FLACC score. Although the occurrence rates of nausea and vomiting had no significant differences, the dextrose group had no cases of vomiting in children aged >24 months compared to the control group, which had three cases (30%). In conclusion, the addition of dextrose to chloral hydrate did not significantly affect sedation time, anxiety, pain reduction, or occurrence of gastrointestinal complications during sedation.

Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) of anterior cranial fossa is a rare entity. The authors report a 57 year-old man presented with retro-orbital headache caused by a large hematoma in the right frontal lobe. Angiography demonstrated a DAVF of anterior cranial fossa fed by branches of middle meningeal and anterior ethmoidal artery. Endovascular therapy using N-butyl cyanoacrylate was tried, however, was failed to occlude the fistula. After than, the lesion was successfully obliterated by surgical means. The therapeutic roles and pitfalls of endovascular treatment and surgical treatment for the anterior fossa DAVF are discussed.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations* ; Cranial Fossa, Anterior* ; Cyanoacrylates ; Fistula ; Frontal Lobe ; Headache ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Middle Aged

Background: Aggressive mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children. The outcome of chemotherapy for B-NHL has improved over decades. Methods: We reviewed 82 children and adolescents with B-NHL diagnosed at Asan Medical Center between 1993 and 2020. The D-COMP/COMP (daunomycin–cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone), Pediatric Oncology Group (POG)-9219/9315/ 9317, R-CHOP/CHOP (rituximab–cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone), and Lymphomes Malins B 89 (LMB89)/LMB96 regimens were administered. In 2018, rituximab was added to the LMB protocol (R-LMB) for advanced-staged Burkitt lymphoma (BL). The patients’ clinical features and treatment outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The most common subtype was BL (61%), followed by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (35%). The median age was 7.8 (range, 1.3‒16.4) years, and the most frequently used regimen was French‒American‒British (FAB)/LMB96 (58 patients, 70.7%). The 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates were 92.5% and 85.7%, respectively. The EFS rates of patients with BL and DLBCL were 90.0% and 79.3%, respectively. Among the FAB/LMB risk groups, group C (85.7%) had a significantly lower 5-year OS (P =0.037). Eleven events occurred (6 relapses, 3 deaths, and 2 secondary malignancies) during the median follow-up of 7.1 (range, 3.7‒118.5) months. Two patients treated with R-LMB had good outcomes without complications. Conclusion Various treatment regimens have favorable outcomes in pediatric patients with B-NHL.However, further studies are needed to improve survival in high-risk patients. In addition, careful monitoring for acute toxicity or secondary malignancy due to intensive multidrug chemotherapy is required.

The purpose of this study was comparing the serial change of serum creatinine and Resistive Index (RI) after renal transplantation. From Jul. 1995 to Feb. 1997, we examined Doppler sonography for 32 out of 99 patients, who were undertaken renal transplantation, whose resistive index were taken at POD #1 and POD #5 and named initial resistive index. The late resistive index were examined when they discharged or when the acute rejection was suspicious. The RI rejection group, which was consist of 22 out of 32 patients, were selected whose late resistive index were increased more 0.05 than inital resistive index. The RI control group, which was consist of 10 out of 32 patients, was selected whose late resistive index were not more 0.05 than initial resistive index. The group which was consist of 21 patient, had over 1.8 mg/dL of serum creatinine. The rest, 11 patients, had not more than 1.8 mg/dL of serum creatinine. The Student's T-test was used for the statistical analysis. In the RI rejection group, late RI value (0.77+/-0.04) was significantly higher than initial RI (p<0.05) and the increase of RI in the acute rejection group were significantly greater than that in the control group (p<0.05). With the serial changes of late RI more 0.05 than initial RI, we obtained 85.0% of sensitivity and 58.3% of specificity for the prediction of the acute rejection. In the patients with the serum creatinine over 1.8 mg/dL, the sensitivity was 85.0% and the specificity was 66.7%. In the patients with the serum creatinine over 1.8 mg/dL and increased RI over 0.05, the sensitivity was 94.1% and specificity was 66.7%. The result shows that serial changes of duplex Doppler scan and the level of serum creatinine after renal transplantation were not enough to predict acute rejection. But the correlation of the result show more higher sensitivity. We suggest to be able to use the Doppler sonography and serial changes of serum creatinine level with the other clinical findings to predict the acute rejection after renal transplantation.
Creatinine* ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell*