The purposes of this study were: 1) to determine the normal range of CR-CO discrepancy in normal occlusion group: 2) to evaluate the changes of condylar position and craniofacial morphology between centric relation and centric occlusion before and after stabilization splint therapy in malocclusion group outside the normal range of CR-CO discrepancy. The normal occlusion group consisted of 80 subjects who had well-balanced faces and good occlusions with acceptable Class I molar relationship. They had not been treated orthodontic ally and had no signs or symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. 71 malocclusion patients enrolled for orthodontic treatment at the Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University comprised the malocclusion group, little variation of growth factor by the second molar eruption. They had CR-CO discrepancy beyond normal range and were subdivided into anterior-posteriorly -[25 Class I (0 or = 4), and 24 Class III (ANB < or = 0)]; vertically - [20 Normodivergentscy (30 or = 34), and 18 Hypodivergency (SNGoMe < or = 30)] ; and sexually - [26 Male and 45 Female]. For malocclusion group, stabilization splint with mutually protected type of occlusal scheme was applied for three months. Panadent articulators, Panadent condylar position indicator (CPl), and lateral headfilm were used to investigate the influence of stabilization splint on condylar position and craniofacial morphology. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The amounts of CR-CO discrepancy in normal occlusion were that the antero-posterior component (delta X) was 0.56 +/- 0.46mm (Male: 0.63 +/- 0.42rnm, Female: 0.49 +/- 0.50mm) ; the supero-inferior component (delta Y) was -0.75 +/- 0.48rnm (Male: -0.76 +/- 0.52rnm, Female: -0.73 +/- 0.43rnm) ; and the transverse component (delta Z) was -0.33 +/- 0.28mrn (Male: -0.38 +/- 0.29mm, Female: -0.31 +/- 0.27mm). 2. The condylar position was in normal range after stabilization splint therapy. 3. The mandible was always rotated infero-posteriorly after stabilization splint therapy. 4. Antero-posteriorly, Class III malocclusion responded very well to the stabilization splint therapy. 5. Vertically, Hyperdivergency responded very well to the stabilization splint therapy. 6. Sexually, Male responded very well to the stabilization splint therapy.
Centric Relation ; Dental Articulators ; Dentistry ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Molar ; Orthodontics ; Reference Values ; Splints* ; Temporomandibular Joint

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of craniofacial skeleton on orthognathic surgical cases with skeletal Class III malocclusion. For this study, 74 students at the dental college of Chosun University volunteered as a normal occlusion group. They had well-balanced faces and good occlusions with acceptable Class I molar relationship. They had not received orthodontic treatment and had no signs or symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. 45 malocclusion patients enrolled for orthognathic surgical treatment with skeletal Class III malocclusion at the Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University. On the basis of this study, the results of this study were as follows: 1. Skeletal Class III malocclusion was largely due to the overgrowth of mandible in man and the undergrowth of maxilla in woman. 2. The mandible was antero-inferiorly overgrown by large MP-HP angle and large gonial angle in orthognathic surgical cases with skeletal Class Iii malocclusion. And also, upper incisors were severely labioversioned, but on the other hand lower incisors were linguoversioned. 3. In female, lower-third facial height was characteristically shortened in comparison with middle-third facial height and also, lower facial throat angle was sgrall in male.
Dentistry ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Malocclusion* ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Orthodontics ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Pharynx ; Skeleton* ; Temporomandibular Joint

Diastematomyelia is an uncommon congenital malformation of the vertebral axis characterized by a localized longitudinal separation of the spinal cord with an interposed septum. It may be found in association with congenital scoliosis. The Authors experienced a case of congenital scoliosis with diastematomyelia. Diastematomyelia was surgicallv resected and scoliosis was corrected by Dwyer operation 5 months later. The results of both operations were satisfactory in 10 months follow up.
Follow-Up Studies ; Neural Tube Defects ; Scoliosis ; Spinal Cord

Ten cases of unstable spine were treated with various surgical procedures under control of Halo apparatus and following results wen obtained. 1. Six cases of unstable cervical spine were treated with Halo apparatus and were able to obtain solid fusion for permanent stability. 2. Three cases of tuberculous kyphosis were corrected with halo-pelvic hoop on, and were able to obtain mean correction angle of 42 (65%) with little danger. 3. With halo on, staged operations such as anterior and posterior osteotomy, gradual distraction, anterior and posterior fusion of the spine for correcting deformity were carried out securely. 4. Average duration of halo application was eight weeks, no more twelve weeks, and there was no irreversible complication with halo apparatus per se.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Kyphosis ; Osteotomy ; Spine

This study was done to recognize the importance of errors in measurements of cephalometric radiograph and to find the anatomical structures those need special care to select as a reference points through the detection of the systematic errors and estimation of random errors. For this purose, 100 cephalometric radiographs were prepared by usual manner and 61 reference points, and 130 measurement variables were established. Measurement errors were detected and estimated by the comparison of the 25 randomly-selected samples for repeated measurements with the main sample. The following results were obtained: 1. In comparison of the repeated measurements, there were statistical significant differences in 24 variables which were 18.4% of 130 total variables. 2. The frequency of the difference in identification of the reference points between the repeated measurements was very high in the root apex of upper incisor(as), the most posterior wall of maxilla(tu), soft tissue nasion(n'), soft tissue frontal eminence(ft), and adl in airway. 3. After correction of reference points marking until the level of below 59,6 significance, the range of random errors were from 0.67 to 1.71 degree or mm. 4. The variable shown the largest random error was the intenncisal angle(ILs-lLi). 5. Measurement errors were mainly caused by the lack of precision in anatomic definitions and obscure radiographic image. From the above results, the author could find the high possibility of errors in cephalometric measurements and from this point, we should include error analysis in all the studies concerning measurments. In is essential to have a concept of error analysis not only for the investigator but also for a reader of other articles.
Activities of Daily Living ; Humans ; Research Personnel

No abstract available in English.
Hallux ; Thumb

A clinical study of the tibial fracture was made on patients, total 234 tibias, who were treated at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Paik Hospital, Inje Medical College from 1974 to 1979. The results were as follows: 1. The ratio between male and female was 5. 5: 1 and majority was found between 3rd decade and 5th decade. 2. In the shape of fracture, commiuted fracture, transverse fracrure were common in order. 3. The most common cause of these fractures was traffic accident and the ratio between open and closed fracture was 1:2. 4. The most common associated injury was the fibular fracture. 5. More complications ensued in open reduction and internal fixation than in closed reduction. of 50 cases, which were treated by open reduction and internal fixation, delayed union in 32 cases (64%) and infection in 11 cases (22%) resulted. 6. In the treatment of open comminuted tibial fractures with skin and soft tissue loss or marked displacement, Hoffmans external fixation method and pin and resin external fixation method bad good results, Early motion of adjacent joint, easy care of wound and rigid fixation were obtained by it.
Accidents, Traffic ; Clinical Study ; Female ; Fractures, Closed ; Humans ; Joints ; Male ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Skin ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures ; Wounds and Injuries

Among 334 thoracolumbar spinal injury patients who were admitted to this hospital from June 1972 to June, 1982, 66 patients with fracture and fracture dislocation of thoraco-lumbar spine which were defined as unstable clinically and radiologically were treated with surgical measures. The ratio between male and female was 7.3:1, the majority was found in third and fourth decade (46 cases, 69%), and the most common cause of injury was falling from a height (38 cases, 58%). The most common site of the injury was lumbar spine (29 cases, 44%) and the most common mechanism of injury was flexion-rotation (29 cases, 44%). Our surgical measures were Harrington rod instrumentation with either anterior or posterior fusion (25 cases, 38%), posterior wiring and fusion (14 cases, 21%), anterior decompression and anterior fusion (14 cases, 21%), posterior fusion (4 cases, 6%), anterior fusion and posterior fusion (3 cases, 5%) and etc. The average correction of displacement was 65% and the average correction of kyphotic deformity was 50%. The most remarkable correction was found at the cases of Harrington rod instrumentation (71%, 74%). Neurological deficit had already developed in 43 cases(65%) prior to operation, and the recovery was observed in 18 cases(42%). Most excellent recovery of neural deficit was found also at the cases of Harrington rod instrumentation (11 cases, 52%). We have analysed the results of these treatment and obtained following conclusions. 1. For the unstable fracture and fracture-dislocation of thoraco-lumbar spine with or without neural involvement, immediate surgical treatments were valuable to expect restoration of anatomical reduction and promotion of every possible recovery of neural function with spinal stability and fewest complication. 2. Fixation with Harrington rod instrumentation appears to provide better reduction and stability with neural improvement than other methods, and therefore early undertaking of rehabilitation activities is possible. 3. For the patients who are seriously compromised or require anterior decompression, immediate posterior reduction and fixation with Harrington rod instrumentation followed anterior decompression and anterior fusion of the involved segments at the eariest feasible time, we feel, is the treatment of choice.
Accidental Falls ; Clinical Study ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Decompression ; Dislocations ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mortuary Practice ; Rehabilitation ; Spinal Injuries ; Spine

There was increasing tendency to stabilize unstable cervical spine injuries surgically with the benefit of good stability of the spine, easy nursing care, early mobilization and therefore early rehabilitation. A clinical study was performed on 47 patients with fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine treated at the department of orthopedic surgery, Inje Medical College, Paik Hospital from Jan. 1975 to Dec. 1981. Following is the summery of the our findings. 1. The prevalent age distribution was between 3rd and 6th decade and the ratio between males and females was 10:1. The most common cause of injuries was automobile accident (70%). 2. The most common site of the injuries was C5-6 (34%) and the most frequent mechanism of injury was flexion-rotation type (47%). 3. In overall patients, neurologic damage was found at first examination in 73% and among these, complete paralysis below the injured level in 26%, incomplete paralysis in 11% and nerve root injury in 35%. 4. Among 47 patients, conervative treatment was performed on 9 patients, anterior spinal fusion on 8 patients, anterior spinal fusion with Halo application on 4 patients, posterior wiring with posterior spinal fusion on 16 patients and posterior wiring with anterior spinal fusion on 8 patients. 5. In the several methods of treatment, the posterior wiring with anterior spinal fusion revealed the best results, the correction rate of displacement was 92%, the correction rate of angular deformity 98% and neural recovery rate 72%. 6. The posterior wiring with posterior spinal fusion revealed good results in correction of displacement and angular deformity but required rigid external support for a long time. The anterior spinal fusion revealed poor results in correction of displacement(67%) and angular deformity(38%) and required rigid external support for a long time and had increasing tendency of kyphotic angle after operation. 7. In the treatment of unstable cervical spine injury, we thoughy that early posterior reduction with posterior wiring and followed anterior spinal fusion was ideal for accurate reduction, rigid stability and early mobilization with simple external support.
Age Distribution ; Automobiles ; Clinical Study ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Dislocations ; Early Ambulation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nursing Care ; Orthopedics ; Paralysis ; Rehabilitation ; Spinal Fusion ; Spine

The present study was intended to examine the effect of sodium vanadate on contractility of vascular smooth muscle. Aortic ring preparations were made from the rabbit thoracic aorta and endothelial cells were removed from the ring. The contractility of the aortic ring was measured under various conditions. The results were summarized as follows; 1) Sodium vanadate induced contraction of vascular smooth muscle in a dose-dependent fashion. 2) The contractile effects were not blocked by treatments with adrenergic blocking agent(phentolamine) and indomethacin, indicating the direct action of the drug on vascular smooth muscle. 3) In the presence of ouabain, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase inhibitor, sodium vanadate still increased the contractility of vascular smooth muscle. 4) Treatment with 4.4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2.2'-disulfonic acid(DIDS) blocked completely the contractile effects of sodium vanadate. 5) In the presence of verapamil, lanthanum and ryanodine, the contractility of the vascular smooth muscle by sodium vanadate was decreased. From the above results. it was suggested that sodium vanadate acts directly on vascular smooth muscle and causes contraction. It was probably due to inhibition of Ca(++)-ATPase in plasma membrane as well as increasing the release of Ca(++) from sarcoplasmic reticulum and Ca(++) influx across the plasma membrane, but not inhibition of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase.
Aorta, Thoracic ; Cell Membrane ; Endothelial Cells ; Indomethacin ; Lanthanum ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular* ; Ouabain ; Ryanodine ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ; Sodium* ; Vanadates* ; Verapamil