The effects of skeletal muscle relaxants on skeletal muscle have been well known, but not effects of those drugs on smooth muscle have intensively studied. In an attempt to study the effects of pancuronium, gallamine, succinylcholine and d-tubocurarine on isolated tracheal preparation of mongrel dog. The writters have performed a set of experiment, of which results can be summarized as follow: 1) Pancuronium in dose of 3ug, 10ugi 30ug, 100ug produced dose-dependent relaxation on contraction. 2) Gallamine in dose of 100ug, 300ug, 1,000ug and 3,000ug produced dose dependent relax histamine action on histamine contraction. 3) Succinylocholine in dose of 10ug, 30ug, 100ug and 300ug produced dose dependent contraction on histamine contraction. 4) d-Tubocurarine in dose of 30ug, 100ug, 300ug and 1,000ug produced dose dependent contraction on histamine contraction. From the results described above, it can be concluded that pancuronium and gallamine have bronchodilating character and succinylcholine and d-Tubocurarine have bronchospastic character.
Dogs ; Animals

It is very common that stored blood and various replacement solutions are simultaneously administrated during operation. The stored blood of healthy man was used to find out the hemolysis due to various replacemen solutions for 21 days. We used for the test solutions which were 5% Dextrose in Water, 5% Dextrose and Saline, N-Saline, Volex, Rheomacrodex-D and Hartmann's solution. The results are as follows: 1) It was very significant that F-Value of all the replacement solutions was 8,4773. 2) The most prominent effect of hemolysis was in Rhemacrodex-D and the least one was hartmann's solution among the six replacement solutions for 21 days. 3) It was shown the peaked hemolysis aroun 15th day in the six replacement solutions.
Glucose ; Hemolysis* ; Water

The effects of skeletal muscle relaxants on skeletal muscle have been well known, but not the effects of these drugs on smooth muscle. In and attempt to study the effects of pancuronium, gallamine, succinylcholine, d-Tubocurrarine on siolated mongrel dog tracheal preparations, the writer has performed a set of experiment, of which results can be summarized as follows: 1) Pancuronium in dose of (r/cc) 3,10,30,100 produced dose dependent relaxation on Acetylcholine contraction. 2) Gallamine in dose of (r/cc) 30,100,300,1000 produced dose dependent relaxation on Acetylcholine contracction. 3) Succinylcholine in dose of (r/cc) 30,100,300,1000 produced dose dependent contraction on Acetylcholine contracction. 4) d-Tubocurarine in does of (r/cc) 30,100,300,1000 produced dose dependent contraction on Acetylcholine contracction. From the results described above, it can be concluded that pancuronium and gallamine had bronchodiating character and succinylcholine and d-Tubocurarine had bronchospastic character. But the clinical application of these results are still obscure.
Acetylcholine* ; Animals ; Dogs* ; Gallamine Triethiodide ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscle, Smooth ; Neuromuscular Agents ; Pancuronium ; Relaxation ; Succinylcholine ; Tubocurarine

Under median sternotomy and left thoracotomy, extra-anatomic aorta bypass between ascending aorta and descending thoracic aorta without cardiopulmonary bypass support has been done effectively and easily without complications for a selected case of atypical coarctation associated with hypoplasia of aortic arch. It should be considered as an alternative operative technique for complex aortic arch reconstruction.
Aorta* ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Aortic Coarctation ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Sternotomy ; Thoracotomy ; Transplants*

Blood pressure refers to the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, and chronical elevation of blood pressure is known as hypertension. Although hypertension is affected by genetic and environmental factors, the genetic background of hypertension is not fully understood. One of the candidate genetic factors, Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), is a membrane-bound enzyme, catalyzing the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin, and recently SNPs of PTGS2 gene was associated with hypertension in Japanese population. Therefore the association of PTGS2 polymorphisms was investigated with blood pressure in healthy Korean subjects, 470 unrelated individuals randomly selected from Ansung and Ansan cohorts. The 25 SNPs of PTGS2 gene were identified by the sequencing analysis of 24 Korean samples. Among identified polymorphisms, three SNPs (rs689466, -1329A>G; rs5275, +6365T>C; rs4648308, +8806G> A) were selected for further association analysis, and rs689466 located in promoter region was associated with blood pressure as well as triglyceride level in the blood. By in silico analysis, rs689466 locates in v-Myb transcription factor binding site, and the v-Myb site disappears when the SNP is changed from A to G nucleotide. Individuals with A/G and G/G genotype in rs689466 have higher blood pressure than those with A/A genotype, and the regression p-value is 0.008 for systolic and 0.004 for diastolic blood pressure. In summary, the PTGS2 polymorphism (rs689466) is associated with blood pressure in Asian populations based on this and Japanese studies, shedding light on it as a genetic risk marker of hypertension.
Arachidonic Acid ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Binding Sites ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Vessels ; Cohort Studies ; Computer Simulation ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Light ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Transcription Factors

PURPOSES: To investigate the viral etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in Korean adults, we have detected respiratory viruses (Respiatory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza virus and parainfluenza virus) in the way of prospective, multi-center study. METHODS: From July 1997 to April 2000, nasal aspirates or sputum were obtained from adults patients with community pneumonia admitted to the participating hospitals and transferred immediately to the central laboratory in the Seoul National University Children's Hospital. The specimens were divided into three parts. One part was used for indirect immunofluorescent test for respiratory viruses, the other part for the culture of RSV and adenovirus in HEp-2 cell monolayer. Another part was used for the culture of influenza virus and parainfluenza virus in MDCK or LLC- MK2 cell monolayers. RESULTS: Of 317 samples, 32 (10.1%) specimens were positive for viral isolation by indirect IF staining or culture, including one dual-infected specimen (adenovirus and parainfluenza virus). Influenza virus was most commonly detected (16 specimens). Parainfluenza virus, adenovirus and RSV were detected in 10, 4 and 3 patients, respectively. All isolated influenza viruses were type A (H3N2 in 9 patients, H1N1 in 2 and unspecified in 5), and 8 out of 10 parainfluenza virus isolates were type 3. CONCLUSION: Similar to previous foreign reports, a significant portion of community-acquired pneumonia in Korean adult is caused by respiratory viruses. Our data empathized the need of referral system for viral diagnosis and of nationwide investigation on respiratory virus infections.
Adenoviridae ; Adult* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Paramyxoviridae Infections ; Pneumonia* ; Prospective Studies ; Referral and Consultation ; Seoul ; Sputum