Arterial hypoxemia in the postoperative period is of particular importance hecause it may delay recovery, exacerbate organ dysfunction, and contribute to motality. Oxygen supply during recovery period is to prevent the complications attributed to hypoxemia, including confusion, cardiac arrythmia, reactive pulmonary hypertension, lactic acidosis and tissue death. A low flow oxygen supply device, O2-Cap, is used to supply oxygen in postoperative patients. However, it was hypothesized that increase of inspired oxygen fraction (F1O2) in an O2-Cap is less than that in a T-Piece with an expiratory limb served as a reservoir. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of O2-Cap and T-Piece on the increase of arterial tension (PaO2) during early postoperative period. In a prospective study, we measured vital signs, PaO2, and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) in 24 adult patients (ASA class I or II) breathing room air in the operation room. After aMominal surgery, they were transferred to the recovery room with the endotracheal tube (intemal diameter, 7.5 mm) whose cuff is deflated. We devided the patients into two groups in the same number. Group C received O2 of 5 1/m via an O2-Cap and group T via a T-piece. Postoperative values were obtained at 5 min, 30 min, and 60 min in the recovery room and were compared between two groups. Preoperative values were served as controls in each group. Vital signs were similar in the two groups. PaCO2 in both groups maintained normal ranges. PaO2 in group C increased significantly to 132.5+/-28.1 mmHg, 134.7+/-26.8 mmHg, and 136.7+/-23.6 mmHg at 5 min, 30 min, and 60 min after operation, respectively, compared with preoperative value, 99.7+/-10.0 mmHg (p<0.05). Group T also showed a significant increases in PaO2 from 102.4+/-18.2 mmHg, preoperatively to 223.1+/-56.1 mmHg, 267.0+/-90.0 mmHg, and 249.8+/-76.5 mmHg at 5 min, 30 min, and 60 min after operation, respectively (p<0.05). PaO2 in group T increased more than that in group C during the same period after the operation. It is concluded that T-Piece with a reservoir increases PaO2 more than O2-Cap andmaintains normal range of PaCO2 without hemodynamic instability. Therefore it is expected that T-Piece with reservoir of 70 ml is safe and effective in spontaneously breathing intubated patients for oxygen supply during postoperative period.
Acidosis, Lactic ; Adult ; Anoxia ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Arterial Pressure ; Carbon Dioxide ; Extremities ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Oxygen* ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Recovery Room ; Reference Values ; Respiration ; Vital Signs

From April to September 1992, 40 infants with age 6 months to 8 months who had been born in Yongdong Severanve Hospital were studied for evaluation of their development using Bayley developmental test. The result obtained were as follow: 1) Mean mental developmental index(MDI) is higher than mean psychomotor developmental index (PDI) and the values are 101.9+/-8.2 and 105.5+/-9.8 respectively. 2) As age increases, both raw score are increased but mean standard scores are decreased and there is statistical significance in PDI 3) The correlation coefficient of age and psychomotor scale is 0.77 and that of age and mental scale is 0.83. 4) Mean correlation coefficient between PDI and MDI is 0.44 and correlation coefficient in 6 months is 0.54 and it decreased to 0.31 in 7,8 months. 5) Among the physical measurement indices, there is high correlation between height and weight but not with head circumference. 6) There is no statistical significance between each developmental scale with mode of delivery and mother' working status.
Head ; Humans ; Infant*

No abstract available.
Antibodies, Monoclonal* ; Glycoproteins* ; Humans*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the size of normal pons and cerebellum in vivo and the change in size according to age, and to compare those with measurement of the diseased pons and cerebellum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 121 normal adults(M:F=54:67), 5 patients with OPCD and 19 patients with WallerJan degeneration were studied. The normal group was divided into 5 subgroups according to the age (ranged from 20 to 72 years). 1.5T GE Signa MR unit was used. On axial plane, the AP(A) and transverse(B) diameters of the pons, the size of the middle cerebellar peduncle(C), and transverse diameter of the posterior fossa(D) and the cerebellum(E) were measured. On midsagittal plane, the longitudinal(F) and AP(G) diameters of the basis pontis were measured. The ratios of E/D and F/G were calculated. The student t test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: C, E and F/G were 15.5mm+/-1.3, 99.8mm+/-4.3 and 1.63+/-.10, respectively. F/G, H/I, and H/J were larger in male(p<.01). All data of the pons showed no statistically significant differences among age groups. E of the seventh decades was shorter than that of the third decades(p<.05). C(12.7 mm+/-1.4) in OPCD and F/G(1. 81+/-.10) in Wallerian degeneration(p<.01) showed the most significant differences when they were compared to the normal. CONCLUSION: Although the cerebellum decreased in size with age, the pons maintained its size up to eighth' decades. The measurement of middle cerebellar peduncle on axial plane (C) and the ratio of basis pontis on midsagittal plane (F/G) were important in the evaluation of OPCD and WallerJan degeneration, respectively.
Cerebellum* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Pons*

Superficial gastritis has been classified as a type of chronic gastritis, since a report of Schindler in GASTRLTIS, 1947. Howev~er, Benedict reported that superficial gastritis is only acute gastritis or shows normal mucosa histologically. The com mon endopical findings of chronic superficial gastritis were adherent mucus, edema, redness. The common redness which were encounterd are patchy redness and comb-like redness(Kammrotung). We studied the relationship between the redness of superficial gastritis and acute inflammatory changes histologically. Each case of superfieial gastritis was biopsied to redening and non-redening mucosa respectively. We collected 24 cases with 48 biopsy specimens. The results are as follows: Acute inflammatory changes were found only one case in redness and none in non-redness groups. There was no difference in acute inflammatory changes in two groups. The degree of mucosal atrophy were 62.5%, 66.7% in normal mucosa, 12.5%, 16.7~% in mild atrophy, 25%, 12.5% in moderate atrophy, 0%, 4.l% in severe atrophy with respect to redness and non-redness mucosa respectively. There was no difference in degree of mucosal atrophy in two groups. Mucosal atrophies were higher in older ages above 41 years old than below 40 and with increasing age, there was increasing tendency of mucosal atrophy. In conclusion, There was no relationships between mucosal redness and acute in flammatory changes histologically and also between mucosal redness and degree of atrophy.
Adult ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Edema ; Gastritis* ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Mucus

No abstract available.
Rupture* ; Uterus*

No abstract available.
Epithelial Cells* ; Salmonella typhimurium* ; Salmonella*

No abstract available.
Dermoid Cyst* ; Female ; Ovary* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal*

Tooth is the most important element in esthetic consideration on facial area. Tooth alignment which is in harmony with gingiva, lips, and face is also key element. The purpose of this study was to give a clinical discipline for restoration of gingival contour, which contains a ratio of maxillary 6 anterior teeth, research for gingival contour etc., in case of rehabilitation of maxillary anterior teeth. 300 Dankook university dental school students ,who is their twenties and free from periodontitis, participate in this study. The result was from each 70 males and females who had normal occlusion and tooth alignment. Length, width and length/width ratio of maxillary 6 anterior teeth were 0.74-0.81 in male, 0.81-0.84 in female. There was significant difference between male and female. The most deepest position of gingiva in maxillary central incisor and canine was located in distal part of teeth and maxillary lateral incisor was middle portion. In maxillary central incisors, gingival line of the most deepest point appeared significant difference between male and female (p<0.01) whereas there was no difference in lateral incisors and canines. Distance between interdental papilla apex and the most deepest portion appeared significant difference beween male and female. Distance of the deepest positon of gingiva is statistically significant except maxillary central incisors and lateral incisors. Standard deviation and mean of the width of labio-lingual were measured in cervical area and there was a significant difference both male and female.(p<0.01) From this result, we could get the mean of maxillary anterior gingival line and these results have great value in clinical guidance in studying maxillary anterior teeth.
Female ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Incisor ; Lip ; Male ; Maxilla* ; Periodontitis ; Rehabilitation ; Schools, Dental ; Tooth

Intestinal tuberculosis has been known since antiquity. After about 1950's, effective antituberculous chemotherapy and an improved standard of living resulted in a steady decline in all forms of tuberculosis. However, intestinal tuberculosis has been reported with impressive frequency in developing countries including Korea. Disease affecting the duodenum is reported to be rare and isolated duodenal tuberculosis sparing the rest of the intestine is uncommon. We experienced a case of tuberculosis of duodenal bulb associated pulmonary tuberculosis. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the histological study of the endoscopic biopsy specimen. We have confirmed the healing of the duodenal lesion by the follow-up endoscopy after 9 months treatment of antituberculous medication.
Biopsy ; Developing Countries ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Duodenum* ; Endoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Intestines ; Korea ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*