No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Nephroma, Mesoblastic* ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal*

No abstract available.
Breast Feeding* ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Case-Control Studies* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea*

To observe the role of oxygen free radical and enzymatic scavengers in cerebral ischemia, an infarction model was made using transorbital occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in cats. The changes of the superoxide radical production and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured. The results were as follows ; 1) The infarction of the left middle cerebral artery(MCA) territory was identified with intracardiac perfusion of a TTC solution after transorbital occlusion. 2) The superoxide radical activities after occlusion of the left MCA were not changed in all groups except for the decrease in 6 hours group of the right side compared to the control group(p<0.05). 3) The Mn-superoxide dismutase activities of the left side in the 12 hours group were significantly higher than those of the right side(p<0.01) and those in the control group(p<0.05). 4) The Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase activities of the left side in the 3 hours group after occlusion of the left MCA were significantly higher than those in the control group(p<0.05). 5) The catalase activities of the left side in the 3 hours, 6 hours and 12 hours groups after occlusion of the left MCA were significantly higher than those of the right side(p<0.05). 6) The catalase activities of the left side in the 12 hours group after occlusion of the left MCA were significantly higher than those in the control group(p<0.05). The authors suggest that the enzymatic scavangers such as Mn-SOD, Cu, Zn-SOD and catalase increased in the infarcted brain, which means an involvement of free radicals in cerebral infarction.
Animals ; Brain ; Brain Ischemia ; Catalase* ; Cats ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Free Radicals ; Infarction ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Oxygen ; Perfusion ; Superoxide Dismutase* ; Superoxides*

A retrospective study 40 patients with moderate or severe diffuse axonal injury which is defined as posttraumatic coma for over 24 hours without mass lesions or ischemic insults was conducted in order to identify prognostic parameters. The sign of hypothalamic damage and motor reactivities of 40 patients were reviewed and compared to the outcome. The results were as follows ; 1) The ratio of male to female was about 3 to 1 and the peak incidence was at the first decade. 2) Of abnormal brain stem signs, fever of central origin was observed at the early posttraumatic phase and correlated with nonrecovery of consciousness(P<0.05). 3) Of abnormal brain stem signs, abnormal ADH secretion was significantly correlated with nonrecovery of consciousness(P<0.005). 4) Abnormal motor reactivity to pain was significantly correlated with nonrecovery of consciousness(P<0.005). 5) In the group of recovery of consciousness, initial Glasgow coma scale in 40 patients with moderate or severe DAI was significantly correlated with their outcome(P<0.005).
Brain Stem ; Coma ; Consciousness ; Diffuse Axonal Injury* ; Female ; Fever ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Interleukin-10*

The use of subcutaneously tunneled, cuffed central venous catheters like Broviac's or Hickman's has increased and complications related to catheter removal has also increased. However, there are only few reports of complications that occur at the time of removal. The authors report an unusual case of catheter fracture during removal of Broviac catheter.
Catheters* ; Central Venous Catheters

PURPOSE: It is generally believed that children with uncorrected hypermetropia are at risk for the development of unilateral or bilateral amblyopia and for the development of esotropia. We were, therefore, interested in the clinical manifestation in Korean children with hypermetropia. METHODS: We included the children with bilateral hypermetropia of greater than or equal to 3 diopters (D) by spherical equivalent. On the basis of initial visual acuity, children were divided into 3 groups: monocular amblyopia, binocular amblyopia, and normal visual acuity. All children were also divided into 2 groups: esotropia and orthotropia. We investigated the influences of factors such as age at initial visit, incidence of amblyopia, esotropia, anisometropia, degree of hypermetropia and anisometropia between each group. RESULTS: Of 50 children, there was only one child with normal visual acuity in both eyes as well as orthotropia. There was more marked difference in the degree of hypermetropia between both eyes in monocular amblyopic group (n=28) than binocular amblyopic group (n=13) (0.91:0.46 D, p=0.01). The age at initial visit was the most important parameter between esotropia (n=40) and orthotropia (n=8) (3.67:5.75 years, p=0.01). Otherwise, there were no significant parameters between each group. CONCLUSIONS: Forty-nine of 50 children (98.0%) had unilateral or bilateral amblyopia and/or esotropia. Initial visit was especially delayed in the children without esotropia. Therefore, we recommend the preschool vision screening examinations and optical correction at an early age. In any case with hypermetropia, they should be closely observed to prevent developement of amblyopia or esotropia.
Amblyopia ; Anisometropia ; Child* ; Esotropia ; Humans ; Hyperopia* ; Incidence ; Telescopes ; Vision Screening ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hypothyroidism* ; Siblings*

No abstract available.
Extremities* ; Sarcoma*

No abstract available.
Female ; Perinatal Mortality* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple*