PURPOSE: The aim of this presentation is to analyze the factors influencing on retrograde insertion of double-J catheter in urethral obstruction due to malignancy and to predict the possibility of stunting with double-J catheter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 43 patients who had underwent retrograde double-J catheter insertion for urethral obstruction secondary to pelvic malignancy, from January 1993 to April 1997, was performed to evaluate the success rates of double-J ureteral stenting according to the factors such as age, sex, presence or absence of flank pain, degree of hydronephrosis, renal function, stage of tumor, laterality of ureter, past history of radiotherapy, operation and chemotherapy. RESULTS: According to the degree of hydronephrosis, the success rate was 100, 73.7 and 50% in grade I II and III, respectively(p<0.05). According to the renal function, the success rate was 81.3% in the group with normal renal function and 45.5% in the group with abnormal venal function(p<0.05) According to the stage of disease, the success rate was 100, 70.7 and 58.3% in stage I, II and III, respectively. According to the absence or presence of flank pain, the success rate was 56.3% in the group with flank pain and 81.5% in the group without flank pain. According to the past history of radiotherapy, the success rate was 65.6% in the group treated with radiotherapy and 90.9% in the group not treated with radiotherapy. The age, sex, laterality of ureter, past history of operation and chemotherapy were not significantly correlated to the success rates. CONCLUSIONS: The factors influencing on double-J ureteral slanting were the degree of hydronephrosis, renal function, absence or presence of flank pain, stage of disease and past history of radiotherapy Further study will be needed to demonstrate the accurate timing of urethral stenting with doublets ureteral catheter.
Catheters* ; Drug Therapy ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction* ; Urethral Obstruction ; Urinary Catheters

BACKGROUND: Several reports have demonstrated that TGFalpha and EGF are mitogenic for keratinocytes. Whenther its expression on epithelial tumors is a marker of malignancy or signifies an important step in the development of neoplasia is poorly understood. EGF receptors are also present in normal epidermis and epithelial tumors but their physiological roles are not yet understood. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to examine the staining patterns of TGFalpha, EGF and EGF receptors on the npithelial tumors of the skin, and to investigate kinetics of expression of EGF receptors. METHODS: We performed immunoperoxidase staining(ABC technique) with monoclonal anti-TGFalpha antibody, polyclonal anti-EGF antibody and polyclonal anti-EGF receptor antibody on the formalinfixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of benign, premalignant and malignant skin tumors. RESULTS: The density of the expression of TGFalpha and EGF was not correlated with the degree of the malignancy of the epithelial tumors and is neither constant in any kind of the tumors. However the infiltrative type of basal cell carcinoma(BCC) is stronger that its solid type on the expression of TGFalpha and EGF. All benign tumors demonstrated a diffuse pattern within tumor lobules. pression of TGFalpha and EGF. All benign tumors demonstrated a diffuse pattern within tumor lobules. Focal TGFalpha immunostaining was seen in three of 10 squamous cell carcinomas(SCC) and four of 10 BCCs. TGFalpha immunostaining was absent from the outermost one to two layers of tumor lobules of all keratoacanthomas. The specimens which increased the expression of TGFalpha and EGF tended to decrease the expression of EGF receptor. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the density of immunohistochemical expression of TGFalpha and EGF may be not dependent on the differentiation of tumor cells, and the pattern of immunohistochemical expression of TGFalpha can differentiate SCC from benign tumors such as keratoacanthoma. FGF receptor may be occupied by both of TGFalpha and EGF. With the receptors being occupied, a down regulation of the receptors may occur which results in decreased EGF receptor expression.
Down-Regulation ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Epidermis ; Keratinocytes ; Keratoacanthoma ; Kinetics ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor ; Skin* ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha*

Impaired endothelium dependent relaxation occurs in diabetic rabbit corpus cavernosum and normal corpus cavernosum exposed to elevated glucose. Elevation of glucose can change the activities of two key enzymes, protein kinase C (PKC) and Na+-K+ ATPase. This study addresses the question of whether impaired endothelium dependent relaxation in isolated corpus cavernosum from normal rabbit exposed to elevated glucose is related to PKC and Na+-K+ ATPase activities and, if so, whether it is associated with altered ouabain sensitive 86-Rb uptake, an index of Na+-K+ ATPase activity, and contractile response of corpus cavernosum tissue to ouabain. Corpus cavernosal tissue suspended for measurement of isometric tension were incubated for 6 hours in control (5.5mM) or elevated glucose (44mM) to mimic euglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. Relaxations of corpus cavernosum tissue in response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine (ACh)were unaffected in control groups while significantly inhibited in the elevated glucose group. Relaxations of corporeal tissue to endothelium-independent vasodilators, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were similar in the control and elevated glucose groups. Corporeal tissue treated with 4-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a PKC activator, showed decreased relaxations to ACh, similar to normal corporeal tissue exposed to elevated glucose. Relaxations in response to SNP were unaffected by treatment with PMA or exposure to elevated glucose. 1(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), PKC inhibitor, restored the abnormal Ach-induced relaxation in corporeal tissue exposed to elevated glucose. The contractions caused by ouabain, Na+-K+ ATPase inhibitor, were smaller in elevated glucose groups than control and elevated glucose groups treated with H-7. Ouabain sensitive 86-Rb uptake of elevated glucose groups was significantly less than that of control groups but ouabain sensitive 86-Rb uptake of elevated glucose groups treated with H-7 was similar to those of control groups. These results suggest that activation in PKC activity and inhibition in Na+-K+ ATPase activity caused by elevated glucose contribute to impaired endothelium dependent relaxation in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle.
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine ; Acetylcholine ; Adenosine Triphosphatases* ; Endothelium ; Glucose* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Nitroprusside ; Ouabain ; Protein Kinase C* ; Protein Kinases* ; Relaxation* ; Vasodilator Agents

BACKGROUND: Alterations in ventricular loading conditions lead to changes in action potential duration via mechanoelectrical feedback. A decrease in load immediately leads to prolongation of repolarization. QT interval and QT dispersion were measured to determine the long-term effect of changes in ventricular systolic load on the ventricular repolarization. METHOD: Corrected QT interval and QT dispersion were measured in 26 patients before and 3-6 months after valvuloplasty for pulmonary stenosis. To determine the effect of ventricular load on ventricular repolarization, patients were divided in 2 groups; Group 1 was those patients with a greater than 30 mmHg and Group 2 was those patients with a less than 30 mmHg decrease in right ventricular systolic pressure. RESULTS: Corrected QT interval (412.6+/-14.5 msec vs 426.4+/-16.8 msec, p < 0.05) and QT dispersion (35.0+/-7.3 msec vs 45.7+/-14..1 msec, p < 0.05)were increased significantly only in Group 1 after vlavuloplasty. CONCLUSION: It suggested that mechanoelectrical interactions are operative for long duration in humans that changes in ventricular load after successful pulmonary valvuloplasty showed long-term effect on the ventricular repolarization.
Action Potentials ; Balloon Valvuloplasty* ; Blood Pressure ; Humans ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis*

Canavan disease(CD) is a rare autosomal recessive leukodystrophy caused by the deficiency of aspartoacylase and the accumulation in brain of N-acetylaspartate(NAA). CD has been reported mainly Ashkenazi Jews but also occurs in other ethnic groups. Usually it presents as early as the third month of life with megalencephaly, hypotonia later progressing to hypertonia, psychomotor and mental retardation, blindness, occasionally deafness and seizure. Diagnosis is based on the clinical feature, N-acetylaspartic aciduria, radiologic and pathologic findings. Histologically, the affected white matter shows extensive vacuolation and demyelination. There is no treatment for CD and the only prevention is through genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis. We experienced a case of Canavan disease that was presented with hypotonia and developmental delay. Diagnosis was confirmed histologically. Radiologic findings are extensive high signal throughout the white matter on T2-weighted MRI and increased NAA peak and decreased choline peak of the white matter on MR spectroscopy.
Blindness ; Brain ; Canavan Disease* ; Choline ; Deafness ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Ethnic Groups ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Jews ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Accidents, Traffic* ; Fistula*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction*

Two patients, bulging fetal membrane accompanied with cervical dilatation & effacement in the late second-trimester, were treated by modified Shirodkar method. Pregnancies were prolonged effectively and viable fetuses were delivered in both cases. Our cases may help make objective decision prior to attempting cerclage placement when cervix is markedly dilated and something should be done to save pregnancy.
Cervix Uteri ; Extraembryonic Membranes* ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Labor Stage, First ; Pregnancy ; Uterine Cervical Incompetence*

With the increasing use of intestinal segment for bladder substitutes or augmentation, excessive mucus secretions secreted by goblet cells in the transplanted intestinal mucosa elicits various problems in patients. During ileocystoplasty, three kinds of concentration of iodine solution (0.5 %, 0.25 %. 0.125 %) were applied on the mucosa of ileal segment for reducing mucosal secretion. 24-hour urine was collected for each rat weekly and then cystectomy was performed at 4 weeks after ileocystoplasry. The amount of lyophilizod dry mucus was increased in 2-3 weeks and decreased thereafter, and it was significantly lower in the group using 0.25 % iodine solution than in other groups. Fibrosis was not significant in all experimental rats compare to control group by Masson-trichromr staining. With this method further investigation will be needed for reducing the mucus secretion.
Animals ; Cystectomy ; Fibrosis ; Goblet Cells ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Iodine* ; Mucous Membrane ; Mucus ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder