The authors studied 410 cases of strabismus patients who visited our clinic from 1973 to 1978 Among them, 170 cases of esotropia, 234 cases of exotropia and 6 cases of hypertropia were observed. The average age at the time of onset was 3.4 years in esotropia and 5.2 years in exotropia. Visul acuity in exotropia was relatively good. 0.7 or more visual acuity was 53 % in exotropia and 34.7 % in exotropia. Refractive status, hypertropia above 1.5D was 64. 2 % in esotropia, but, no specific correlation was found between exotropia and refractive status. The incidence of amblyopia was 33.1 % in esotropia and 19.7 % in exotropia. In accomodative esotropia, the patients with high AC/A ratio were treated with bifocal segment glasses. and the results were good.
Amblyopia ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Humans ; Incidence ; Strabismus* ; Visual Acuity

Asteroid hyalitis is a condition in which myriads of creamy or dull-white opacities (asteroid bodies) are suspended in the vitreous. Asteroid bodies are spherical or disc-shaped white bodies in the vitreous and were first differentiated from scyminans by Benson in 1894 as asteroid hyalitis (Benson's disease). The authors report here two cases of asteroid hyalitis: the first, a 55 year old male is associated with vitreoretinal hemorrhage, and the second, a 47 year old male is associated with cataract. Lens dislocation and pulmonary tuberculosis. They have no diabetes or hypercholesterolemla. We briefIy reviewed the literature relating to the asteroid hyalitis.
Cataract ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lens Subluxation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Ectopic pancreas rarely produces clinical symptoms. Most commonly reported symptoms were abdominal pain, epigastric discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and bleeding. However, presentation of specific symptoms due to its size and location, including obstructive jaundice, and pyloric obstruction are possible. Ectopic pancreas is subject to various pathological changes occurring in the pancreas itself; namely, cyst, pancreatitis, hemorrhage, necrosis, and neoplastic change. We present a case of 60-year old woman with right upper quadrant pain in whom the surgical pathologic diagnosis was ectopic pancreas of the stomach complicated by pancreatitis and pseudocyst formation.
Abdominal Pain ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; Necrosis ; Pancreas* ; Pancreatitis* ; Stomach ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Vasovagal syncope has been believed to account for the majority of syncope of unknown origin (SUO). Head-up tilt test (HUT) has been well recognized as a useful test in the evaluation of SUO. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of HUT to develop a less time-consuming test protocol and get an information on the pathophysiology of vasovagal syncope. METHODS: Eighty five patients (mean age, 43+/-18 years: 47 men, 38 women) underwent a 80 degree HUT without or with isoproterenol infusion (2 migcrogram/min and 5 migcrogram/min, each for 6 minutes) for unexplained syncope or pre-syncope. Positive HUT was defined as symptomatic hypotension (systolic blood pressure < or = 80 mm Hg) and/or symptomatic bradycardia (< or = 45/min for > or = 10 seconds) or asystole > or = 3 seconds. The patients were divided into two groups according to the result of the HUT: Group I included 47 patients (M:F=25:22) with positive result, Group II, 38 patients (M:F=22:16) with negative result. RESULTS: Group I patients had more episodes of syncope than Group II (3.1+/-2.5/year vs. 2.0+/-2.1/year, p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) at the baseline supine position. BP after tilt was not significantly different between 2 groups except for systolic BP at 6 minutes after tilt, which was significantly lower in Group I than Group II (109.5+/-17.5 mm Hg vs. 118.1+/-18.2 mm Hg, p<0.05).However, HR after tilt was significantly faster in Group I than Group II (81.1+/-15.1/min vs. 74.2+/-14.9/min, p<0.05 at 2 minutes after tilt; 83.7+/-14.4/min vs. 74.6+/-14.7/min, p<0.01 at 4 minutes after tilt). The increase in HR was greater in Group I than Group II (19.9+/-12.6/min vs. 12.8+/-10.6/min, p<0.001). In the prediction of positive HUT with HR rise above 14/min during the early 6 minute of baseline head-up tilting, the specificity, sensitivity, and positive predictive value were 63.2%, 70.2%, and 70.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In patients with SUO, positive HUT can be predicted with the early HR response during head-up tilt. This result shows that vasovagal syncope is triggered by exaggerated HR response to the decreased venous return and allow us to develop a less time-consuming HUT protocol.
Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Heart Arrest ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Isoproterenol ; Male ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Supine Position ; Syncope* ; Syncope, Vasovagal