No abstract available.
Forehead* ; Methylmethacrylate*

Contusions ; Facial Bones ; Facial Nerve ; Facial Nerve Injuries ; Facial Paralysis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lacerations ; Orbit ; Salivary Glands ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Wounds and Injuries

The concept of the Asian facial beauty is different from that of the western. Caucasians, especially among the western, consider prominent malar bones as a sign of youth and beauty. But in Orientals including Koreans, prominent malar bones are recognized as unattractive. Until recently, operations to reposition prominent zygoma have been performed by means of a coronal incision or a combined approach, using both the intraoral and the external(preauricular, temporopreauricular or side burn) incision. Such incisions have shortcomings such as external scars, long operative time, and the possibility of facial nerve or artery injury. Intraoral incision alone is associated with problems such as cheek drooping, limited exposure in the area of zygomatic arch, and difficulty in making symmetry of the cheek. During the past 4 years, we performed a reduction malarplasty without internal fixation through an intraoral incision alone in thirty-six patients who have prominent zygoma, mainly lateral projection of the zygoma. Osteotomy of the zygomatic arch was done posteromedially using a 120 degrees-angled oscillating saw, 1cm anterior to the articular tubercle and then osteotomy of the zygomatic body was done using a reciprocating saw. After complete osteotomy and posteromedial reduction, fixation using miniplate or wire was not done. The patients were followed for 14 months, with satisfactory results and few complications. We conclude that this technique is a simple and effective method of conduction an intraoral osteotomy and reduction malarplasty without internal fixation.
Adolescent ; Arteries ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Beauty ; Cheek ; Cicatrix ; Facial Nerve ; Humans ; Operative Time ; Osteotomy ; Zygoma

Croup is an acute upper respiratory disease primarily caused by the parainfluenza virus.Owing to inflammation and edema of the upper airways, children present with barky cough and stridor, and some may experience respiratory distress. We investigated children aged < 5 years with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted to two hospitals in Seoul, South Korea, and observed a spike in croup cases during the omicron surge. Among the 569 children admitted from March 1, 2021 to February 25, 2022, 21 children (3.7%) had croup, and the proportion of croup cases was significantly higher during the omicron wave than that during the delta wave (12.4% vs. 1.2%, P < 0.001). With the immediate administration of corticosteroids and epinephrine via nebulizer, the symptoms improved rapidly. During the current omicron surge, careful monitoring of the symptoms of croup in young children is needed for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and its timely management.

PURPOSE: In general, orientals including Korean, have a mesocephalic face whereas Caucasians, among the western, have a dolichocephalic face .Unlike the western, in orientals including Korean, prominent malar bones are recognized as stubborn and unattractive appearance. That is why reduction malarplasty is one of the most popular aesthetic surgical procedure in Korea. Many surgical methods to reposition prominent malar bones have been performed by means of a coronal incision or a combined incisions, using both the intraoral and the external incision. Bicoronal approach has advantage such as wide operative field, easy to maintain symmetry and possibility of combining facial lift but has shortcoming, such as external scars, long operative time, and the possibility of facial nerve or artery injury. Intraoral approach has advantages of short operative time, simplicity of procedure and no external scar. But this approach is associated with problems of cheek drooping, limited exposure and difficulty in making symmetry. METHODS: During 8 years, we performed a reduction malarplasty without internal fixation through an minimal intraoral incision and dissection in 39 patients. RESULTS: The patients were followed for 46 months, with satisfactory results and no cheek drooping. There was no patient who want to revise the inappropriate operative result such as asymmetry and incomplete correction. CONCLUSION: We conclude that minimal intraoral incision and dissection could acquire satisfactory result of reduction malarplasty along with prevention of cheek drooping.
Arteries ; Cheek ; Cicatrix ; Facial Nerve ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; Korea ; Nitro Compounds ; Operative Time ; Zygoma

Prolonged ischemic-reperfusion induces cellular damages and apoptosis in rat skeletal muscle. Reactive oxygen species generated during reperfusion time induce expression of various genes and apoptosis. Among apoptosis-related gene products, Bcl-2 and Bax regulate the apoptotic response by inhibiting and promoting cell death, respectively. The purpose of this study was to observe the age-related alertation of expression profile of Bcl-2 and Bax in rat tibialis anterior muscle and soleus muscle following ischemia-reperfusion. 9 weeks, 30 weeks, and 65 weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and ischemia groups. Ischemia group was divided into 3 subgroups based on reperfusion time. For ischemia, left commom iliac artery was occulded for 4 hours using rodent vascular clamps. The animals were sacrificed at hours 0, 3 and 24 after onset of reperfusion and tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were removed. Muscle tissues were embedded in paraffin and 6 micrometer sections were made. The expression level of Bcl-2 and Bax were examined using immunohistochemical methods. The results obtained were as follows; 1. In control group, immunoreactivities (IMRs) of Bcl-2 and Bax were weak or moderate in 30 weeks old rats and were trace in 9 and 65 weeks old rat. 2. In control group, IMRs of Bcl-2 and Bax in tibialis anterior muscle were more higher than those in soleus muscle, but not significantly. 3. In ischemia group, IMRs of Bax were increased with aging. 4. In ischemia group, IMR of Bax in tibialis anterior muscle was higher than that in soleus muscle. These results suggested that the increased IMR of Bax may be related to increasing of ischemic injury, and both old skeletal muscle and tibialis anterior muscle are susceptabile to ischemic injury of rat skeletal muscle.
Male ; Humans ; Rats ; Animals

Prolonged ischemic-reperfusion induces cellular damages and apoptosis in rat skeletal muscle. Such injury takes place in the phase of reperfusion following ischemia induction in part via regulating of apoptosis-related gene inductions. The present study was performed to examine the age-related alertation of expression of apoptosis in rat tibialis anterior and soleus muscles following ischemia-reperfusion. 9 weeks, 30 weeks, and 65 weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups such as controls and ischemia. For ischemia, left commom iliac artery was occulded for 4 hours using rodent vascular clamps. The tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were removed 0, 3, and 24 hours after onset of reperfusion. Muscle samples were embedded in paraffin and 6 micrometer sections were made. The apoptotic reactions was detected using TUNEL methods. The results obtained were as follows; 1. In control groups, the number of apoptosis was increased with aging, but not significantly. 2. In ischemia groups, the number of apoptosis was increased at 3 hours after ischemia, and decreased at 24 hours after ischemia. 3. In ischemia groups, the number of apoptosis was increased with aging. 4. In ischemia groups, the number of apoptosis in the tibialis anterior muscle was higher than that in soleus muscle. These results suggested that the ischemic injury of the rat skeletal muscle is increased with aging and that tibialis anterior muscle is more susceptabile to ischemic injury than soleus muscle.
Male ; Humans ; Rats ; Animals

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: The forehead, which occupies about one third of the face, is one of the major determinants of a feminine or masculine look. Various methods have been used for the augmentation of the forehead using autologous fat grafts or alloplastic materials. Methylmethacrylate (MMA) is the most appropriate material for augmentation of the forehead, and we have used an injection-molding technique with MMA to achieve satisfactory results. METHODS: Under local anesthesia with intravenous (IV) sedation, an incision was made on the scalp and a meticulous and delicate subperiosteal dissection was then performed. MMA monomers and polymers were mixed, the dough was injected into the space created, and manual molding was performed along with direct inspection. This surgery was indicated for patients who wanted to correct an unattractive appearance by forehead augmentation. Every patient in this study visited our clinics 3 months after surgery to evaluate the results. We judged the postoperative results in terms of re-operation rates caused by the dissatisfaction of the patients and complications. RESULTS: During a 13-year period, 516 patients underwent forehead augmentation with MMA. With the injection-molding technique, the inner surface of the MMA implant is positioned close to the underlying frontal bone, which minimizes the gap between the implant and bone. The borders of the implant should be tapered sufficiently until no longer palpable or visible. Only 28 patients (5.4%) underwent a re-operation due to an undesirable postoperative appearance. CONCLUSIONS: The injection-molding technique using MMA is a simple, safe, and ideal method for the augmentation of the forehead.
Anesthesia, Local ; Forehead ; Frontal Bone ; Fungi ; Humans ; Inlays ; Methylmethacrylate ; Polymers ; Scalp ; Surgery, Plastic ; Transplants

OBJECTIVE: C2 laminar screw fixation is considered as an excellent alternative to Magerl's transfacetal approach or Harms construct for the atlantoaxial stabilization. However, to our knowledge, there is no report on the feasibility of the new approach to Korean population. We investigated morphometric parameters of the dorsal arch of the C2 to provide the quantitative data for the feasibility of laminar screw fixation. METHODS: One-hundred-and-two patients' cervical computed tomography had been reconstructed and investigated on the anatomical parameters related with C2 laminar screw placement. Sixty patients were male and forty-two patients were female. Measurements included the laminar thickness and slope, spino-laminar angle, and maximal screw length. RESULTS: Ages ranged from 20 to 81 and the mean age was 48.4. Mean laminar thickness was 5.7 mm (+/-1.0) (5.8 mm in male and 5.4 mm in female). Fifty-one patients (50%) had a laminar thickness smaller than 5.5 mm at least unilaterally, therefore the patients were considered as inappropriate candidates for the laminar screw fixation in the smaller side of the laminae. Mean value of maximal length of screw was 33.3 mm (34.3 mm in male and 31.9 mm in female). Mean spino-laminar angle was 43.2degrees and mean slope angle was 32.9degrees. CONCLUSION: Half of patients had inappropriate laminar profiles to accommodate a 3.5 mm screw in at least one side of the axis. The three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction is mandatory for the preoperative assessment for the feasibility of the C2 lamina.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Female ; Humans ; Male