Reconstruction of calvarial bone defects from congenital anomaly or from bone loss due to traumatic or neoplastic processes remains a significant problem in craniofacial surgery and neurosurgery. To facilitate bone regeneration, there have been many trials such as autologous bone graft or allograft, and the addition of demineralized bone matrix and matrix-derived growth factor. Guided bone regeneration is one of the methods to accelerate bone healing for calvarial bone defects especially in children. Pericranium is one of the most usable structure in bone regeneration. It protects the dura and sinus, and provides mechanical connection between bone fragments. It supplies blood to bone cortex and osteoprogenitor cells and enhances bone regeneration. For maximal effect of pericranium in bone regeneration, authors used pericranium as a flap for covering calvarial defects in surgeries of 11 craniosynostosis patients and achieved satisfactory results: The bone regeneration of original cranial defect in one year after operation was 74.6%(+/-8.5%). This pericranial flap would be made more effectively by individual dissection after subgaleal dissection rather than subperiosteal dissection. In this article, we reviewed the role of pericranium and reported its usefulness as a flap in surgery of craniosynostosis to maximize bone regeneration.
Allografts ; Bone Matrix ; Bone Regeneration ; Child ; Craniosynostoses* ; Equipment and Supplies ; Humans ; Neoplastic Processes ; Neurosurgery ; Transplants

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the health rights of inmates in correctional facilities from the perspective of unmet needs and to explore institutional improvement plans that could yield substantial qualitative and quantitative advancements.

Methods: Data on capacity and actual occupancy, external and internal medical services, the number of inmates with mental health conditions, and cell area were obtained from the Ministry of Justice. Overall, 1,057 inmates were surveyed, representing 1.84% of the total inmate population of 57,560 as of September 30, 2016. A structured questionnaire was distributed to these inmates, and upon collection, the responses were analyzed. Furthermore, a request was submitted to the Ministry of Justice to survey the status of healthcare personnel and medical services across 52 correctional facilities nationwide.

Results: Between 2014 and 2015, the Ministry of Justice in South Korea allocated approximately 14 to 22 billion Korean won for healthcare services in correctional facilities. The major facilities with the most inmates with mental health conditions had 160 such inmates in 2014 and 161 in 2015. Overcrowding and insufficient cooling pose ongoing health risks. Inmates face challenges accessing medical care, with unmet needs for dental and psychiatric services.

Conclusion: Strategies to improve inmates’ health rights include establishing a primary healthcare system, improving governance, alleviating overcrowding, and introducing mental health programs. Emphases are placed on managing severe illnesses such as cancer, strengthening emergency care, and ensuring oversight by the National Human Rights Commission. Regular education of prison staff is also recommended to improve inmate health management.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the health rights of inmates in correctional facilities from the perspective of unmet needs and to explore institutional improvement plans that could yield substantial qualitative and quantitative advancements.

Methods: Data on capacity and actual occupancy, external and internal medical services, the number of inmates with mental health conditions, and cell area were obtained from the Ministry of Justice. Overall, 1,057 inmates were surveyed, representing 1.84% of the total inmate population of 57,560 as of September 30, 2016. A structured questionnaire was distributed to these inmates, and upon collection, the responses were analyzed. Furthermore, a request was submitted to the Ministry of Justice to survey the status of healthcare personnel and medical services across 52 correctional facilities nationwide.

Results: Between 2014 and 2015, the Ministry of Justice in South Korea allocated approximately 14 to 22 billion Korean won for healthcare services in correctional facilities. The major facilities with the most inmates with mental health conditions had 160 such inmates in 2014 and 161 in 2015. Overcrowding and insufficient cooling pose ongoing health risks. Inmates face challenges accessing medical care, with unmet needs for dental and psychiatric services.

Conclusion: Strategies to improve inmates’ health rights include establishing a primary healthcare system, improving governance, alleviating overcrowding, and introducing mental health programs. Emphases are placed on managing severe illnesses such as cancer, strengthening emergency care, and ensuring oversight by the National Human Rights Commission. Regular education of prison staff is also recommended to improve inmate health management.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the health rights of inmates in correctional facilities from the perspective of unmet needs and to explore institutional improvement plans that could yield substantial qualitative and quantitative advancements.

Methods: Data on capacity and actual occupancy, external and internal medical services, the number of inmates with mental health conditions, and cell area were obtained from the Ministry of Justice. Overall, 1,057 inmates were surveyed, representing 1.84% of the total inmate population of 57,560 as of September 30, 2016. A structured questionnaire was distributed to these inmates, and upon collection, the responses were analyzed. Furthermore, a request was submitted to the Ministry of Justice to survey the status of healthcare personnel and medical services across 52 correctional facilities nationwide.

Results: Between 2014 and 2015, the Ministry of Justice in South Korea allocated approximately 14 to 22 billion Korean won for healthcare services in correctional facilities. The major facilities with the most inmates with mental health conditions had 160 such inmates in 2014 and 161 in 2015. Overcrowding and insufficient cooling pose ongoing health risks. Inmates face challenges accessing medical care, with unmet needs for dental and psychiatric services.

Conclusion: Strategies to improve inmates’ health rights include establishing a primary healthcare system, improving governance, alleviating overcrowding, and introducing mental health programs. Emphases are placed on managing severe illnesses such as cancer, strengthening emergency care, and ensuring oversight by the National Human Rights Commission. Regular education of prison staff is also recommended to improve inmate health management.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the health rights of inmates in correctional facilities from the perspective of unmet needs and to explore institutional improvement plans that could yield substantial qualitative and quantitative advancements.

Methods: Data on capacity and actual occupancy, external and internal medical services, the number of inmates with mental health conditions, and cell area were obtained from the Ministry of Justice. Overall, 1,057 inmates were surveyed, representing 1.84% of the total inmate population of 57,560 as of September 30, 2016. A structured questionnaire was distributed to these inmates, and upon collection, the responses were analyzed. Furthermore, a request was submitted to the Ministry of Justice to survey the status of healthcare personnel and medical services across 52 correctional facilities nationwide.

Results: Between 2014 and 2015, the Ministry of Justice in South Korea allocated approximately 14 to 22 billion Korean won for healthcare services in correctional facilities. The major facilities with the most inmates with mental health conditions had 160 such inmates in 2014 and 161 in 2015. Overcrowding and insufficient cooling pose ongoing health risks. Inmates face challenges accessing medical care, with unmet needs for dental and psychiatric services.

Conclusion: Strategies to improve inmates’ health rights include establishing a primary healthcare system, improving governance, alleviating overcrowding, and introducing mental health programs. Emphases are placed on managing severe illnesses such as cancer, strengthening emergency care, and ensuring oversight by the National Human Rights Commission. Regular education of prison staff is also recommended to improve inmate health management.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the health rights of inmates in correctional facilities from the perspective of unmet needs and to explore institutional improvement plans that could yield substantial qualitative and quantitative advancements.

Methods: Data on capacity and actual occupancy, external and internal medical services, the number of inmates with mental health conditions, and cell area were obtained from the Ministry of Justice. Overall, 1,057 inmates were surveyed, representing 1.84% of the total inmate population of 57,560 as of September 30, 2016. A structured questionnaire was distributed to these inmates, and upon collection, the responses were analyzed. Furthermore, a request was submitted to the Ministry of Justice to survey the status of healthcare personnel and medical services across 52 correctional facilities nationwide.

Results: Between 2014 and 2015, the Ministry of Justice in South Korea allocated approximately 14 to 22 billion Korean won for healthcare services in correctional facilities. The major facilities with the most inmates with mental health conditions had 160 such inmates in 2014 and 161 in 2015. Overcrowding and insufficient cooling pose ongoing health risks. Inmates face challenges accessing medical care, with unmet needs for dental and psychiatric services.

Conclusion: Strategies to improve inmates’ health rights include establishing a primary healthcare system, improving governance, alleviating overcrowding, and introducing mental health programs. Emphases are placed on managing severe illnesses such as cancer, strengthening emergency care, and ensuring oversight by the National Human Rights Commission. Regular education of prison staff is also recommended to improve inmate health management.

OBJECTIVE: We compared the prevalence of injury and poisoning in the agricultural and fishery population with that of the general population. METHODS: The national health insurance data and agricultural and fishery qualification data were used for this study. The age-adjusted standardized morbidity ratio was used to compare the prevalence of all injuries and poisonings of the agricultural and fishery population with that of the general population for the year 2002, as well as the prevalence of certain injuries and poisonings common to the agricultural and fishery population. The age-adjusted standardized morbidity ratio and 95% confidence intervals were attained by using the general population as the standard population group. RESULTS: The age-adjusted standardized morbidity ratio of total injuries and poisonings was significantly high in the agriculture and fishery population. The standardized morbidity ratio was 137.6 in the male agriculture and fishery population and 123.3 in the female agriculture and fishery population. In terms of injuries and poisonings common to the agriculture and fishery population, the age-adjusted standardized morbidity ratio was significantly high regarding the dislocations and strains of lumbar spine/pelvis, shoulder and neck, the fracture of rib/thoracic spine/sternum and pesticide poisoning. CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence of injury/poisoning was significantly higher in the agriculture and fishery population than in the general population. Various forms of research should be conducted on the injuries of the agriculture and fishery population in the future. In order to compare the differences in the prevalence rates of injuries according to time and region, standard definitions of injuries and occupation related injuries are required.
Agriculture ; Dislocations ; Female ; Fisheries ; Humans ; Male ; National Health Programs ; Neck ; Occupations ; Prevalence ; Shoulder

Neurofibroma may present as multiple or solitary lesions. Although there is no predilection site of solitary lesion, the occurrence on hands is rare. We herein report a case of solitary neurofibroma in 33-year-old female patient, who presented with a 0.5 x 0.5 cm sized, soft, dome-shaped papule on the left palm with typical histologic findings.
Adult ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Neurofibroma*

PURPOSE: This study was designed to identify current status of the subspecialist training programs and related factors affecting subspecialists' job selection. METHODS: The study subjects were 5,569 subspecialist trainees in 61 hospitals between 1989 and 1999. Among them, 1,260 subjects were selected to identify employment status after training. Also we analysed factors affecting career selection for 863 subspecialists on which basic information was available. RESULTS: About 26.6% of all subspecialist trainees trained in 1999 was for subspecialties in internal medicine, the largest majority, and 89.3% was in metropolitan areas. Also 91.1% were trained in teaching hospitals. Among subspecialists completed training, 79.5% selected career to work at general or teaching hospitals as of 1999, but 13.5% practised at clinics. The factors affecting career selection after training were gender, ownership of medical school, and specialty. CONCLUSION: The fact that not a few subspecialists work at primary care clinics means there are unreasonable human resource allocation and planning, with probable poor quality of primary care. Therefore, it is necessary to have a human resource plan at the national level for appropriate number of subspecialists, based on each specialty, in particular. Any structural factors affecting destination of subspecialist trainees, such as gender and graduated medical school, etc, should be dealt with in the long run.
Education* ; Employment ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Ownership ; Primary Health Care ; Resource Allocation ; Schools, Medical

OBJECTIVES: To determine the impacts of Diagnosis-Related Groups/Prospective Payment System (DRG/PPS) on the quality of care in cases of Cesarean section and to describe the policy implications for the early stabilization of DRG/PPS in Korea. METHODS: Data was collected from the medical records of 380 patients who had undergone Cesarean sections in 40 hospitals participating in the DRG/PPS Demonstration Program since 1999. Cesarean sections were performed in 122 patients of the FFS(Fee-For-Service) group and 258 patients of the DRG/PPS group. Measurements of quality used included essential tests of pre- and post-operation, and the PPI(Physician Performance Index) score. The PPI was developed by two obstetricians. RESULTS: Univariate analysis demonstrated significant differences in PPI scores according to the payment systems. With respect to the mean of PPI scores, a higher score was found in the DRG/PPS group than in the FFS group. However, the adjusted effect did not show significant differences between the FFS group and the DRG/PPS group. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that the problem of poor quality may not be related to the implementation of DRG/PPS in Cesarean section. However, this study did not consider the validity and reliability of the process measurement, and it did not exclude the possibility of data omission in medical records.
Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Pregnancy ; Reproducibility of Results