PURPOSE: We evaluated the effect of Mitomycin C (MMC) applied by different methods, on corneal healing after excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) in rabbits. METHODS: PTK was performed on 34 eyes of 17 New Zealand white rabbits. The control group underwent PTK alone, while the experimental groups underwent PTK with intraoperative application of either annular or discoid filter paper soaked with 0.02% MMC for 2 minutes. At postoperative 4, 12, and 24 weeks, the degree of corneal haziness was determined using a slit lamp biomicroscope, and the proliferation of keratocytes was observed histologically. RESULTS: At 4 weeks, the degree of corneal haziness was significantly lower in both MMC-treated groups than in the PTK-alone group (P<0.001). The two MMC-treated groups also showed decreased corneal haziness at 12 and 24 weeks, although the change was not statistically significant. In addition, the MMC-treated groups showed less proliferation of keratocytes at 4 and 12 weeks. At 24 weeks, the group that received annular application of MMC showed a significant decrease of keratocytes compared with the control group(p=0.026), while the group with discoid application showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found that the annular application of MMC after PTK not only shows similar effect on wound healing but also reduces the side effects of MMC by minimizing the application surface.
Cornea* ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Mitomycin* ; Rabbits ; Wound Healing

PURPOSE: To study the effect of spherical lens induced aniseikonia on stereopsis and fusion. METHODS: One hundred subjects, with normal binocular function without any ophthalmic disease or surgery history, were examined. The aniseikonia was induced with spherical lenses in 1 diopter (D) stepwise manner from -2 D to +2 D. The amount of aniseikonia was measured by Awaya's New Aniseikonia Test. Stereopsis and fusion were determined with Titmus Stereo Test and fusion card of major amblyoscope respectively. RESULTS: As the amount of aniseikonia was increased, the stereopsis and fusion were decreased. The change was statistically significant (ANOVA, p<0.001). Aniseikonia was more correlated to fusion than stereopsis. A significant decline in the stereopsis was detected when the size of aniseikonia changed from 1% to 2%. A significant decline in fusion was noticed when aniseikonia changed from 2% to 3% (Independent t-test, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that binocular function can be disturbed by experimentally induced aniseikonia in normal subjects and that stereoacuities and fusional amplitude can be decreased as the degree of aniseikonia becomes larger.
Aniseikonia* ; Depth Perception ; Telescopes*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of OCT retinal mapping in determining the configuration of a vitreomacular adhesion and selecting a meridian for entry into the subhyaloid space in patients with vitreomacular traction syndrome. METHODS: Six consecutive patients (6 eyes) with vitreomacular traction syndrome underwent vitrectomy with peeling of posterior hyaloid. Ocular coherence tomography (OCT) retinal mapping was performed preoperatively. Access to the subhyaloid space was made by creating an opening with a 25 gauge needle at a location where the detached posterior hyaloid membrane was farthest from the retinal surface. The location was selected based on six preoperative meridional OCT scans. The posterior hyaloid was then gently peeled off in a circular fashion around the fovea with a micropick. Visual acuity and foveal thicknesses were measured before the operation and 3 months afterwards. RESULTS: After the operation, visual acuity improved and central macular thicknesses were reduced significantly in all six patients. The best corrected visual acuity improved from 0.4 to 0.75 with a mean increase by 3.5 lines on a Snellen chart 3 months after the operation. The mean foveal thickness was reduced from 406 micrometer to 241 micrometer. The restoration of foveal pit was observed in five patients. Neither intraoperative nor postoperative complications were observed during the follow up period. CONCLUSIONS: An OCT retinal mapping program is a valuable diagnostic tool in understanding the configuration of vitreomacular adhesion and planning the surgical approach for operating on vitreomacular traction syndrome.
Aged ; Eye Diseases/diagnosis/etiology/*surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retinal Diseases/diagnosis/etiology/*surgery ; Syndrome ; Tissue Adhesions/etiology/surgery ; *Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy/*methods ; Vitreous Body/pathology/*surgery ; Vitreous Detachment/complications

PURPOSE: To investigate 12-month treatment outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in eyes with typical exudative age-related macular degeneration with good baseline visual acuity. METHODS: This retrospective observational case series included 18 eyes (18 patients) with typical exudative age-related macular degeneration with a baseline best-corrected visual acuity of 20 / 25 or better. Patients were treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monotherapy during the 12-month follow-up period. Baseline visual acuity and central foveal thickness were compared to the values at 12 months. RESULTS: Patients received an average of 4.4 +/- 1.3 intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections. The mean logarithm of minimum angle of resolution visual acuity was 0.08 +/- 0.04, 0.08 +/- 0.07, 0.12 +/- 0.09, and 0.16 +/- 0.11 at baseline, three months, six months, and 12 months, respectively. Visual acuity at 12 months was significantly worse than the baseline value at diagnosis (p = 0.017), and the mean central foveal thickness at the defined time points was 270.2 +/- 55.6, 204.4 +/- 25.4, 230.1 +/- 56.3, and 216.8 +/- 48.7 microm, respectively. The central foveal thickness at 12 months was significantly less than the baseline value at diagnosis (p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Deterioration in visual acuity was noted in eyes with typical exudative age-related macular degeneration with good baseline visual acuity, suggesting the need for close patient monitoring and prompt treatment even in patients with good baseline visual acuity.
Aged ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Bevacizumab/therapeutic use ; Choroidal Neovascularization/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ranibizumab/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors ; Visual Acuity/*physiology ; Wet Macular Degeneration/*drug therapy/physiopathology

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of 3 consecutive monthly intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injections (fixed regimen group) with a single IVB injection (PRN group) on patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and to determine the prognostic factors associated with IVB injection outcomes. METHODS: 23 Twenty-three eyes in 21 patients with myopic CNV (14 eyes in the fixed regimen group and 9 eyes in the PRN group) treated with IVB were studied retrospectively. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), the size of CNV prior to the initial IVB injection, CMT at the completion of treatment, and the number of IVB injections during the study period was measured. RESULTS: IVB resulted in improved BCVA and decreased CMT in both groups, and the differences before and after IVB injections were significantly correlated. Average injection time in the fixed regimen group and PRN group was 3.4 +/- 0.9 and 1.5 +/- 0.7 respectively, and was not statistically significant (p = 0.16). Differences between the groups in BCVA (p = 0.83) and CMT (p = 0.38) were not significantly correlated. Among the variables measured prior to IVB injection that affected final BCVA was age (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, a single injection of IVB compared to 3 consecutive IVB injections in patients with myopic CNV resulted in similar outcomes. In the future, these results can be considered as a reference when designing treatments for myopic CNV patients.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Choroidal Neovascularization ; Eye ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of 3 consecutive monthly intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injections (fixed regimen group) with a single IVB injection (PRN group) on patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and to determine the prognostic factors associated with IVB injection outcomes. METHODS: 23 Twenty-three eyes in 21 patients with myopic CNV (14 eyes in the fixed regimen group and 9 eyes in the PRN group) treated with IVB were studied retrospectively. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), the size of CNV prior to the initial IVB injection, CMT at the completion of treatment, and the number of IVB injections during the study period was measured. RESULTS: IVB resulted in improved BCVA and decreased CMT in both groups, and the differences before and after IVB injections were significantly correlated. Average injection time in the fixed regimen group and PRN group was 3.4 +/- 0.9 and 1.5 +/- 0.7 respectively, and was not statistically significant (p = 0.16). Differences between the groups in BCVA (p = 0.83) and CMT (p = 0.38) were not significantly correlated. Among the variables measured prior to IVB injection that affected final BCVA was age (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, a single injection of IVB compared to 3 consecutive IVB injections in patients with myopic CNV resulted in similar outcomes. In the future, these results can be considered as a reference when designing treatments for myopic CNV patients.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Choroidal Neovascularization ; Eye ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab

Palmar digital vein thrombosis causing one or more nodules seems to be a relatively rare condition. Only 20 cases of palmar digital vein thrombosis have been reported worldwide in the English language literature. It presents with a painful, firm and blue nodule located at or in close proximity to one of the flexion creases. The etiology remains unknown, but changes in the vessel wall related to the anatomic characteristics of the palmar digital veins may play a role, along with intraluminal stasis. Two patients with blue nodule located in close proximity to flexion creases on the volar side of the finger presented to our hospital. Histological examination showed organizing thrombus within the dilated vessel. We report here on these two cases of palmar digital vein thrombosis.
Fingers ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Thrombosis ; Veins

Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) are new anticancer agents that act by inhibiting EGFR signaling transduction pathways, thus decreasing tumor growth. They have made anti-cancer treatment more tolerable and have also reduced systemic side effects. However, they have many cutaneous side effects. Alopecia is an uncommon cutaneous side effect of EGFRIs, and cicatricial alopecia has been reported more rarely. A 59-year-old woman presented with itching and hair loss on the scalp, which started 2 months ago. She had been taking gefitinib for 7 months. A physical examination revealed localized erythematous hairless patches with scattered thick crusts on the scalp. Histopathologic examination showed a decreased number of hair follicles with perifollicular lymphocytes infiltration and perifollicular fibrosis, consistent with a scarring alopecia. We report a rare and interesting case of cicatricial alopecia after using the EGFRI, gefitinib.
Alopecia ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Cicatrix ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Physical Examination ; Pruritus ; Quinazolines ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Scalp

PURPOSE: To evaluate the factors affecting treatment outcome of children with anisometropic amblyopia. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated the treatment outcome of 57 children who were diagnosed as anisometropic amblyopia. The age at initial treatment, initial best corrected visual acuity of the amblyopic eye, amount and type of anisometropia, strabismus and compliance of treatment were investigated. RESULTS: The mean age and standard deviation at initial treatment was 5.3+/-1.8(3-9) years. The absolute average values of spherical and cylindrical anisometropia were 2.87+/-1.99D and 1.87+/-2.24D respectively. While compliance was significantly related to treatment outcome, the age at initial treatment, visual acuity on amblyopic eye, amount and type of anisometropia, and strabismus had no significant influence on treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment compliance was the most significant factor in the treatment of anisometropic amblyopia.
Amblyopia* ; Anisometropia ; Child* ; Compliance ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Lip* ; Salivary Gland Calculi* ; Salivary Glands, Minor*