No abstract available.
Breast Implants* ; Breast*

No abstract available.
Spondylolisthesis*

Eccrine spiradenoma is clinically characterized by a solitary, movable, tender nodule occurring most frequently on the ventral surface of the upper body. A striking symptom is paroxysmal pain. Occasionally multiple lesions may be present and may occur in a linear or zosteriform pattern. A 48-year-old female was seen with painful or tender, nomal skin colored, firm nodules distributed in a zosteriform pattern on the right thigh for 10 years, which had been slowly growing. The histopathological features were quite a characteristic of eccrine spiradenoma. We report a rare case of zosteriform network of eccrine spwadenoma occurred on the right thigh.
Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Skin Pigmentation ; Strikes, Employee ; Thigh

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Drug Therapy* ; Methotrexate*

Ten cases of unstable spine were treated with various surgical procedures under control of Halo apparatus and following results wen obtained. 1. Six cases of unstable cervical spine were treated with Halo apparatus and were able to obtain solid fusion for permanent stability. 2. Three cases of tuberculous kyphosis were corrected with halo-pelvic hoop on, and were able to obtain mean correction angle of 42 (65%) with little danger. 3. With halo on, staged operations such as anterior and posterior osteotomy, gradual distraction, anterior and posterior fusion of the spine for correcting deformity were carried out securely. 4. Average duration of halo application was eight weeks, no more twelve weeks, and there was no irreversible complication with halo apparatus per se.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Kyphosis ; Osteotomy ; Spine

In these days, there are two main ways in the treatment of the avascular necrosis of the femoral head in adult by prosthetic replscement; total hip replacement and bipolar endoprosthesis. So far, no study has been performed on the post-operative functional evaluation of them. Therefore it is difficult to decide which one is preferred to the other in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in adult. In order to evaluate the functions of the prosthetic joints, the authors reviewed the results of 18 cases of cementless bipolar endoprosthesis(abbreviated as CBE) and 22 csses of cementless total hip replscement arthroplasty(abbreviated as CTHRA), performed at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, during the period from February, 1984 to May, 1986. The following results were obtained. 1. The average ages of CBE and CTHRA groups at the time of operation were 48.5 years and 37.5 years, respectively. 2. The average follow-ups of CBE and CTHRA were 15.7 months and 30.5 months, respectively. 3. By Meyer's modification of Marcus and Enneking classification, the sverage stages of CBE and CTHRA groups were 3.7 and 4.4 respectively. 4. According to Harris hip rating score system, Harris scores were increased as much as 30.5 in CBE group and 30.6 in CTHRA group. 5. In the aspects of functional improvement and relief of pain, the two groups showed no significant difference. However, the operation was essier, and the damage to the acetabular bone was less in CBE group. For these reasons, CBE was believed to be the preferred choice of treatment of avascular necrosis of femoral head in adult.
Acetabulum ; Adult ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Classification ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Joints ; Necrosis ; Orthopedics ; Seoul

BACKGROUND: To estimate real time concentration of drugs during TIVA is theoretical, but it is not easy and inefficient. To maintain designed target concentration with continuous infusion using methods that account for the multicompartmental pharmacokinetic profile of fentanyl, isoconcentration nomogram is one of the methods. We evaluated the clinical usefulness of the isoconcentration nomogram using two different expected concentration of fentanyl. METHODS: Thirty ASA class I or II adult patients scheduled for spine fusion were randomly allocated into two groups according to 1.5 or 3 ng/ml of expected fentanyl concentration. Using isoconcentration nomogram, fentanyl concentration was adjusted and the propofol concentration was fixed to 3.5 g/ml according to Prys-Roberts method. Vital signs were titrated using variable flow rate of propofol. Fentanyl and propofol were discontinued 15 min before the end of operation. And, IV-PCA using fentanyl were applicated for postoperative pain control. The dosage of propofol and fentanyl, recovery time of consciousness and orientation were checked. Also, first buttoning time and 24hr fentanyl dosage in IV-PCA were checked. RESULTS: Average flow rate of propofol used were 7.5 1.2 mg/kg/hr in group 1, 5.7 1.1 mg/kg/hr in group 2 which was significantly lower than group 1 (p<0.05). Spontaneous eye opening and recovery of orientation was delayed 1.8 times in group 2. First buttoning time and 24hr fentanyl requirement for postoperative pain control using IV-PCA was delayed by 2 and decreased 60% in group 2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Isoconcentration nomogram was useful tool to control the expected concentration of fentanyl during TIVA and postoperative pain control using fentanyl IV-PCA.
Adult ; Anesthesia, Intravenous* ; Anesthetics ; Consciousness ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Nomograms* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Propofol ; Spine ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND: Induction of anesthesia with propofol commonly associated with reduction in systemic arterial pressure, especially in elderly and high risk patients. This reduction is influenced by the dose and rate of propofol injection. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different injection rate of propofol on vital signs, dose requirement and induction time during induction period. METHODS: Unpremedicated one hundred and twenty ASA physical status I and II patients aged 20~60 years scheduled for elective surgery were randomly allocated into one of four (150, 300, 600, 1200 ml/hr) groups according to speed of injection of propofol during induction period. Loss of verbal contact was taken as the end-point of induction. Vital signs, SpO2, dose requirement of propofol and induction time were checked. RESULTS: As the injection rate of propofol became slower, there were significant reduction in induction dose and increase in induction time (p<0.05). For example, induction dose and time were 1.82 mg/kg, 223 +/- 58 sec in 150 ml/hr group and 3.14 mg/kg, 50 +/- 11 sec in 1200 ml/hr group, respectively. Also, decrease in systolic and diastolic pressure were less marked at lower injection rates. CONCLUSIONS: Slower injection of propofol produces less vital sign changes and dose requirement for the induction of anesthesia.
Aged ; Anesthesia* ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Humans ; Propofol* ; Vital Signs*

BACKGROUND: Propofol is a useful induction agent, but it can cause hypotention and bradycardia. Meanwhile, ephedrine has alpha-vasoconstriction and beta-cardiac stimulant effect. The purpose of this study was to assess the hemodynamic effects of adding various doses of ephedrine to propofol to obtund adverse hemodynamic response and to determine the optimal dose. METHODS: Unpremedicated 120 ASA physical status I adult patients (20~50yrs) scheduled for elective surgery were randomly allocated into four groups according to the doses of ephedrine added to propofol (1%, 20 ml). Group 1 (control group) was given propofol alone and 10, 15 and 20 mg of ephedrine was added to propofol in Group 2, 3 and 4, respectively (n=30 for each group). Propofol was loaded at 150 ml/hr using a syringe pump and no response to verbal command was ascertained as the end-point of induction. Vital signs and SpO2 were checked every 1 min during the induction period. RESULTS: In group 1, there was a significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic pressure prior to intubation. Group 2 and 3 showed relatively stable hemodynamic changes and significant systolic or diastolic changes occured only in the pre or post 1 min periods of intubation. But, in pulse rate, group 3 showed significant change 1 and 2 min after intubation, in contrary to group 2. Group 4 showed significant changes in systolic and diastolic pressure 1 and 2 min after intubation, and in pulse rate throughout the postintubation period. CONCLUSIONS: Ephedrine 10mg may be safely employed to reduce the hemodynamic changes during induction preiod with propofol.
Adult ; Anesthesia* ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Ephedrine* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Intubation ; Propofol* ; Syringes ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND: Because of wide individual variations in response to sedative and the level of sedation desired by different patients, inadequate sedation is frequent during surgery. Patient-controlled sedation is a logical extension of patient-controlled analgesia to find and maintain their own steady-state of sedation by self-administration of sedatives during surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of patient-controlled sedation compared with anesthesiologist-controlled sedation during surgical spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Unpremedicated forty adult patients who received spinal anesthesia for lower extremity surgery were randomly allocated into two groups (n=20 for each group). After selection of target state of sedation according to sedation scale, patient-controlled sedation (PCS) group self-administered 0.5 mg (1 ml) intravenous midazolam in increments using a Walkmed PCA infusor and anesthesiologist- controlled sedation (ACS) group administered by the anesthesiologist as the same manner to achieve previously selected sedation state. Sedation score, vital signs, SpO2 were checked 5, 10, 20, 30, 40min after start of drug injection. RESULTS: The sedation scores patient desired were 4.4 +/- 0.8 in PCS group and 4.3 +/- 0.7 in ACS group. These scores were achieved 20min after start of injection in PCS group and 40 min in ACS grou p (p<0.05). Degree of satisfaction was higher in PCS group compared with ACS group (1.5 +/- 0.6 vs 2.1 +/- 0.8, p<0.05). No complications were detected in two groups. CONCLUSIONS: PCS using midazolam was better than ACS in terms of early achievement of sedation state patient desired and degree of satisfaction.
Adult ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Infusion Pumps ; Logic ; Lower Extremity ; Midazolam* ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Vital Signs