The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of job stress and social support on the organizational effectiveness of hospital employees and to examine the role of social support in the experience of job stress among the employees. Previous studies have yielded mixed results regarding the role of social support. Some studies provide supporting evidence for the buffering effect of social support, while others do not. Still others report findings about reverse buffering effects. These inconsistent findings are, in part, accounted for by methodological problems such as poor measurement, small sample size, and the existence of high multicollinearity. To examine more rigorously the role of social support in relation to the negative effects of job stress, this study was carefully designed to overcome methodolgical shortcomings found in the past research. In addition, unlike the previous studies, which were concerned mostly with health-related variables as consequences of job stress, in this study, three work-related variables (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intent to stay) which had close relationships with organizational effectiveness were examined as output variables. The sample used in this study consisted of 353 employees from a university hospital in the suburbs of seoul. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using canonical analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that; (l) job stress has negative main effects on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intent to stay; (2) social support has positive main effects on the same three output variables, (3) social support does not moderate the harmful effects of job stress on the three outcome variables, and (4) the three-way interaction effects of (social support * job stress * gender) and of (social support * job stress * education) are not supported The implications of these findings for the management of human resources are discussed.
Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sample Size ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Histamine* ; Peptic Ulcer*

Iris neovascularization was produced in rabbits by hypotony following repeated aspiration of the vitreous. The hypotony was produced after 0.3 ml of vitreous fluid was aspirated using a 25-gauge needle through the pars plana of 10 rabbits. For the histochemical study, horseradish peroxidase(HRP) was injected through the ear lobe vein. After fixation of the iris tissue, the tissue was treated with diaminobenzidine and examined with both light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The newly-formed vessel was abundant, particularly on the upper stroma of the iris. The new vessel formation was evident due to the proliferation of endothelial cells, which may have been derived from preexisting iris vessels. The endothelial cells of the newly-formed vessels revealed prominent villous processes into the vascular lumen, formation of the marginal flap, numerous fenestrations in the endothelial junction, and reaction product onto extravascular space by the cytochemical electron microscopy. These results suggest that hypotony in the rabbit produces the disruption of the blood-iris barrier and the balance between angiogenesis-antiangiogenesis modulation.
Animals ; Biological Transport, Active ; Disease Models, Animal ; Horseradish Peroxidase/diagnostic use ; Iris/*blood supply/*ultrastructure ; Iritis/*pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/*pathology ; Rabbits ; Vitreous Body/surgery

Cardiovascular changes has been reported eating and digestion. Experimental studies showed an early rise in cardiac output during eating which was attributable to an increased heart rate. This changes reverted to baseline valuse at the end of eating. To investigate postprandial cardiac functional change, we studied 20 healthy young men(average age 27 years) nonivasively with BP measurement, electrocardiography and M-mode echocardiohrapy before, 30 minutes and 3 hours after a lunch(600 Kcal). There was no significant changes in mean blood pressure after eating. On echocardiography, diastolic and systolic left ventricular internal dimensions were 4.9+/-0.4 and 3.1+/-0.4cm before meal and 4.9+/-0.4 and 2.9+/-0.3cm 30 minutes after eating. There was an average increase of 9% in cardiac output 30 minutes after meal. Fractional shortening was 36.4+/-6.4% before meal and 40.4+/-6.1(p<0.05) 30 minutes after eating. Ejection fraction changed from 73.5+/-7.9% to 78.2+/-6.3%(p<0.05) at postprandial 30 minutes. Myocardial contractility index assessed by the ratio of systolic BP to end-systolic volume was 4.3+/-1.6mgHg/ml before and 5.3+/-2.2mmHg/ml 30 minutes after eating. Peripheral resistance index as the ratio of mean blood pressure divided by cardiac index changed from 2,536+/-1,120dynesdSdcm-5/m2 to 2,048+/-472dynesdSdcm-5/m2 at postprandial 30 minutes. Electorcardiographic study revealed no changes in ST SE segment, T wave and heart rate after a meal. In conclusion, the increase of cardiac output after a moderate meal in healthy young men was associated with an increase in myocardial contractility and a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Digestion ; Eating ; Echocardiography* ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Meals* ; Vascular Resistance

Despite the remarkable developments in neurosurgical and neuro-interventional procedures, the optimal treatment for large or giant partially thrombosed aneurysms with a mass effect remains controversial. The authors report a case of a partially thrombosed aneurysm with a mass effect, which was successfully treated by stent-assisted coil embolization. A 41-year-old man presented with headache. Brain computed tomography depicted an 18x18 mm sized thrombosed aneurysm in the interpeducular cistern. More than 80% of the aneurysm volume was filled with thrombus and the canalized portion beyond its neck measured 6.8x5.6 mm by diagnostic cerebral angiography. Stent-assisted endovascular coiling was performed on the canalized sac and the aneurysm was completely obliterated. Furthermore, most of the thrombosed aneurysm disappeared in the interpeduncular cistern was clearly visualized follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging conducted at 21 months. The authors report a case of selective coiling of a large, partially thrombosed basilar tip aneurysm.
Adult ; Aneurysm ; Brain ; Cerebral Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neck ; Thrombosis

Nuclear mitochondrial DNA segment (Numt) insertion describes a well-known phenomenon of mitochondrial DNA transfer into a eukaryotic nuclear genome. However, it has not been well understood, especially in plants. Numt insertion patterns vary from species to species in different kingdoms. In this study, the patterns were surveyed in nine plant species, and we found some tip-offs. First, when the mitochondrial genome size is relatively large, the portion of the longer Numt is also larger than the short one. Second, the whole genome duplication event increases the ratio of the shorter Numt portion in the size distribution. Third, Numt insertions are enriched in exon regions. This analysis may be helpful for understanding plant evolution.
DNA, Mitochondrial* ; Exons ; Genome ; Genome, Mitochondrial ; Plants*

No abstract available.
Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells*

No abstract available.
Alopecia Areata* ; Alopecia* ; Bone Density*

We examined the fibronectin (FN) secretion of cultured trabecular meshwork (TM) cells in a normal human eye by indirect immunofluorescent technique using mouse anti-human FN monoclonal antibody and FITC-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG. To localize FN on frozen sections of normal TM, which were obtained from 7 enucleated eyes owing to traumatic eyeball rupture, the same indirect immunofluorescent method was used. Immunoelectron microscopy was applied to demonstrate the distribution pattern of FN in the normal TM of 2 human eyes using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. In the tissue culture of TM, the TM cell walls and extracellular matrices showed an intense staining with antibody to FN. Indirect immunofluorescent staining of FN on frozen sections of TM showed strong positive reactions in the subendothelial region. There was no reaction in the central core of the trabecular beam. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed the reaction products to FN in the areas lining the trabecular endothelial cells.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibronectins/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Trabecular Meshwork/*metabolism/ultrastructure

This experiment was performed to determine whether cultured rabbit corneal cells were infected with HSV-1. The direct immunofluorescent method was used to detect the presence of the herpes simplex antigen in HSV-1 infected corneal epithelial cells, keratocytes, and endothelial cells in vitro with fluorescein-labeled antiserum to HSV-1. Immunofluorescent localization of the HSV-1 antigen was expressed in all three types of corneal cells.
Animals ; Antigens, Viral/*analysis ; Cells, Cultured ; Cornea/*microbiology ; Herpesviridae Infections/*microbiology ; Rabbits ; Simplexvirus/*immunology