No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule*

No abstract available.
Hypocalcemia*

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Drug Therapy* ; Methotrexate*

No abstract available.
Fetus* ; Humans* ; Pituitary Gland*

PURPOSE: For those women with breast cancer who require mastectomy for surgical treatment, consideration should be given to optimize the cosmetic outcome. Skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) is being used more frequently to treat many of these patients. Skin-sparing mastectomy can maximize breast skin preservation and facilitate immediate reconstruction, and so result in an excellent cosmetic appearance. The aim of this study was to access the local recurrence rate of breast cancer after SSM. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of 53 patients who underwent skin-sparing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction between January 1996 and February 2006. Immediate reconstruction was achieved via the TRAM flap or latissimus dorsi flap or artificial bag. The mean follow-up time was 34.6 months (range: 7~142 months). RESULTS: Local recurrence occurred in 1 (2.1%) of 53 patients. The time to local recurrence was 44 months. The patient with local recurrence was well controlled by wide excision and postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient with local recurrence is still free of disease. Distant metastasis occurred in 7 (14.9%) of 53 patients. Of the 7 patients with distant metastasis, 1 patient was died from brain involvement. CONCLUSION: The risk of local recurrence after skin-sparing mastrectomy was not different from that of conventional mastectomy. Local recurrence was effectively managed with surgical excision of the involved tissues and then administering chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Brain ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mastectomy* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Superficial Back Muscles

PURPOSE: A sufficient response rate and good compliance are both important for instituting chemotherapy to treat metastatic breast cancer. Effective oral chemotherapy regimens have long been studied to improve patients' compliance. 5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which is known to be converted by thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase). A recent preclinical study revealed that cyclophosphamide (CPA) upregulated dThdPase activity and especially in tumor cells. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of long-term administration of 5'-DFUR/CPA for the patients suffering with metastatic breast cancer. METHODS: Thirty four cases with metastatic breast cancer after curative surgery were enrolled in this study. All the patients had been previously exposed to standard chemotherapy such as CMF (CPA, methotrexate, and 5-FU) and CAF (CPA, doxorubicin, and 5-FU). All patients had distant metastasis such as in the bone, lung and liver. Daily treatment consisted of 5'-DFUR 800 mg and CPA 100 mg both were given orally. The treatment was continued for at least 24 weeks. RESULTS: The mean age was 49 years and the treatment period ranged from 24 to 60 weeks. The response rate was 35.3%, while it was 26.5% for the patients with stable disease. The mean time to tumor progression was 36 weeks. A significant decrease in pain occurred in twenty patients (69%) with bone metastasis. The frequent adverse effects were leukopenia (32.4%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (20.4%). There was significant correlation between the rate of side effects and the duration of medication (p=0.010). CONCLUSION: These findings show that oral administration of 5'-DFUR and CPA is well tolerated on an outpatient basis and it was proven to suppress tumor progression. So, an oral combination therapy with 5'-DFUR and CPA may be suitable for metastatic breast cancer.
Administration, Oral ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Compliance ; Cyclophosphamide* ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; Liver ; Lung ; Methotrexate ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Outpatients ; Thymidine Phosphorylase

PURPOSE: To determine accurately the extent of the disease and risk of recurrence is important in enhancing the therapeutic success rate of breast cancer. Primary tumor state and axillary node invasion were some well known factors to predict the prognosis of breast cancer. However, some patients with early stage cancer developed systemic metastasis later despite of little possibility of recurrence based on some previously establised prognostic system. These results demand another approach to predict systemic metastases in patient without gross evidence of further recurrence. Micrometastases is a promising key to explain the recurrence in these patients and micrometastases in bone marrow could raised the ongoing recurrence in skeletal system which is the most frequent metastatic site in breast cancer. Therefore we tricd to determine the rate of micrometastasis in surgically resectable Korean breast cancer patients and the relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of the cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied bone marrow aspirate specimens from 38 patients with breast cancer who underwent curative resection at Chonnam University Hospital from January 1996 to February 1997. And reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect messenger RNA for cytokeratin 19 was performed. RESULTS: Metastases in bone marrow were detected in 8/38 patients (21.1%). No sta- tistically significant relationship existed between bone marrow metastasis and clinicopa- thological parameters for predicting prognosis that consisted of tumor state, lymph node invasion, histologic grade, steroid receptor, and c-erbB2 overexpression. In particular, bone marrow metastasis developed even from ductal carcinoma in situ. CONCLUSION: Bone marrow metastasis may be developed from the extremely early stage of breast cancer and we can not make the corelationship between the bone marrow metastasis and establised some prognostic factors. Based on these results, we recommand the evaluation of bone marrow metastasis in all breast cancer patients and require the close follow-up to allow more sensitive prediction of ongoing recurrence and higher curability.
Bone Marrow* ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Keratin-19 ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Micrometastasis* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Steroid ; Recurrence ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA, Messenger

Pheochromocytoma manifesting hypertensive episodes, is a catecholamine-secreting neoplasm, that arises from the chromaffin cells This clinical study was performed on 12 cases of pheocromocytoma treated surgically at the Department of Surgery of Chonnom National University from January 1988 to June 1995. The results are as follows: 1)The male to female ratio was 1:2. The prevalent ages were the fifth decades (33%) and third, forth decades (25%) 2)The most frequent clinical symptoms and signs were hypertention and palpitation (83.3%), followed by headache, dyspnea, faintness and chest discomfort. 3)41.7% of the patients presented clinical symptoms and signs less than 1 year of duration 4)The 24-hour urine VMA was elevated in 100% of 10 cases. metanephrine was elevated in 77.8% of 9 cases 5)Preoperative localization of tumor was easily acchieved by CT, US, MRI, 131-I MIBG scan, and angiography 6)The alpha-adrenergic blocker was used preoperatively in 9 cases to control hypertension 7)The tumor was located in the left adrenal gland in 6 cases (50%). right adrenal gland in 5 cases(41.7%), and the abdominal paraganglia in 1 case (8.3%) 8)In pathologic and clinical findings, 4 cases were malignant. Among them, 2 were recurred, mass excision was impossable in 1 case 9)post operative blood pressure was returned to normotensive level in 70%, post operative 24-hour urine VMA and metanephrine were found to be within normal levels and significantly decreased in the major of cases. In conclusion, CT,US and MRI have good diagnostic results in preoperative localization of pheochromocytoma.and it is safe to operate pheochromocytoma with compatible preoperative preparation. Also, it is important to closely follow up with recurring or metastasis in pathologically proven malignant pheochromocytoma.
3-Iodobenzylguanidine ; Adrenal Glands ; Angiography ; Blood Pressure ; Chromaffin Cells ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Metanephrine ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Thorax

Pheochromocytoma manifesting hypertensive episodes, is a catecholamine-secreting neoplasm, that arises from the chromaffin cells This clinical study was performed on 12 cases of pheocromocytoma treated surgically at the Department of Surgery of Chonnaom National University from January 1988 to June 1995. The results are as follows: 1) The male to female ratio was 1:2. The prevalent ages were the fifth decades (33%) and third, forth decades (25%). 2) The most frequent clinical symptoms and signs were hypertention and palpitation (83.3%), followed by headache, dyspnea, faintness and chest discomfort. 3) 41.7% of the patients presented clinical symptoms and signs less than 1 year of duration. 4) The 24-hour urine VMA was elevated in 100% of 10 cases. metanephrine was elevated in 77.8% of 9 cases. 5) Preoperative localization of tumor was easily acchieved by CT, US, MRI, 131-I MIBG scan, and angiography. 6) The alpha-adrenergic blocker was used preoperatively in 9 cases to control hypertension. 7) The tumor was located in the left adrenal gland in 6 cases (50%). right adrenal gland in 5 cases(41.7%), and the abdominal paraganglia in 1 case (8.3%). 8) In pathologic and clinical findings, 4 cases were malignant. Among them, 2 were recurred, mass excision was impossable in 1 case. 9) post operative blood pressure was returned to normotensive level in 70%, post operative 24- hour urine VMA and metanephrine were found to be within normal levels and significantly decreased in the major of cases. In conclusion, CT,US and MRI have good diagnostic results in preoperative localization of pheochromocytoma.and it is safe to operate pheochromocytoma with compatible preoperative preparation. Also, it is important to closely follow up with recurring or metastasis in pathologically proven malignant pheochromocytoma.
3-Iodobenzylguanidine ; Adrenal Glands ; Angiography ; Blood Pressure ; Chromaffin Cells ; Clinical Study ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Metanephrine ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Thorax

Pheochromocytoma manifesting hypertensive episodes, is a catecholamine-secreting neoplasm, that arises from the chromaffin cells This clinical study was performed on 12 cases of pheocromocytoma treated surgically at the Department of Surgery of Chonnaom National University from January 1988 to June 1995. The results are as follows: 1) The male to female ratio was 1:2. The prevalent ages were the fifth decades (33%) and third, forth decades (25%). 2) The most frequent clinical symptoms and signs were hypertention and palpitation (83.3%), followed by headache, dyspnea, faintness and chest discomfort. 3) 41.7% of the patients presented clinical symptoms and signs less than 1 year of duration. 4) The 24-hour urine VMA was elevated in 100% of 10 cases. metanephrine was elevated in 77.8% of 9 cases. 5) Preoperative localization of tumor was easily acchieved by CT, US, MRI, 131-I MIBG scan, and angiography. 6) The alpha-adrenergic blocker was used preoperatively in 9 cases to control hypertension. 7) The tumor was located in the left adrenal gland in 6 cases (50%). right adrenal gland in 5 cases(41.7%), and the abdominal paraganglia in 1 case (8.3%). 8) In pathologic and clinical findings, 4 cases were malignant. Among them, 2 were recurred, mass excision was impossable in 1 case. 9) post operative blood pressure was returned to normotensive level in 70%, post operative 24- hour urine VMA and metanephrine were found to be within normal levels and significantly decreased in the major of cases. In conclusion, CT,US and MRI have good diagnostic results in preoperative localization of pheochromocytoma.and it is safe to operate pheochromocytoma with compatible preoperative preparation. Also, it is important to closely follow up with recurring or metastasis in pathologically proven malignant pheochromocytoma.
3-Iodobenzylguanidine ; Adrenal Glands ; Angiography ; Blood Pressure ; Chromaffin Cells ; Clinical Study ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Metanephrine ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Thorax