The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of various treatments on denture base resin to metal bond for cobalt-chromium alloy. The metal surface was treated as follows. Group 1 : Sandblasted with 50microneter aluminum oxide. Group 2 : Sandblasted with 250microneter aluminum oxide. Group 3 : Sandblasted with 250microneter aluminum oxide and followed by silicoating. Group 4 : Electrochemically etched. Group 5 : treated with oxidizing solution. Group 6 : Beaded with 200microneter retention structure and followed by silicoating. All specimens were applied with 4-META resin and were thermocycled 1000 times at temperature of 5degrees C to 55degrees C. The effects of various surface treatments on the bond strength between 4-META resin and metal interface were measured by using the universal testing machine. All specimens were observed with SEM. The results were as follows 1. The bond strength of 4-META resin were significantly higher to Co-Cr alloy. 2. The bond strength decreased in the following orders : group 6, group 3, groups 1 and 2, group 4, group 5 and there was no statistically significant difference in bond strength among groups 1 and 2. (p>0.05) 3. The bond strength of cobalt-chromium alloy to 4-META resin were not significantly different. (p>0.05) 4. The treated surface of groups 1, 2 and 3 has more fine undercut than that of groups 4 and 5 with SEM. 5. Stable adhesion can be achieved when mechanically roughened metal surface by sandblasting than treating in an electrochemical etching and an oxidizing solution with potassium manganate.
Alloys* ; Aluminum Oxide ; Denture Bases* ; Dentures* ; Potassium

We have treated total 37 cases of femoral neck fracture in children who were under the 16 years old in age at the Catholic University Medical College since 1985, followed them for average 21 months to analyse their types of fracture and treatment, complications and prevention of complications, and obtained the following results. 1. According to the Delbet's classification, type I was 1 case, II were 18(49%), most common, III were 10 and IV were 8 cases. Their ages were average 8.2 years and boys were predominant in 27 cases. 2. Thirty-six cases were treated with open reduction and internal fixation within 1-13 days after fracture, but only one type IV was treated with closed reduction, followed by hip spica cast for 6 to 9 weeks in all. 3. The fixation devises were removed at average 8.7 months after operatio. 4. fifteen complications were observed in 11 cases(37%), that were AVN(3 cases), early physeal closure(8 cases), coxa vara(3 cases), coxa valga and limb shortening(each 1 case), and their causes were severe fracture displacement(2 cases), penetration of fixation devices to physis(8 cases), incomplete reduction and loss of initial reductio (1 case) etc, but were not correlated with their method of fracture treatment. Conclusively, the femur neck fracture in children could favorably be treated with open reduction and internal fixation to reduce their complications. Physeal early closures due to penetration of screws and pin were most common cause of complications, and their long-term follow-up should be necessary.
Child ; Classification ; Coxa Valga ; Extremities ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Methods

No abstract available.
Neurilemmoma*

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia due to antibody formation against the A or B antigen in renal transplant recipients has been reported on rare occasions. We experienced a case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia which developed 11 days after renal transplantation during CsA and prednisolone administration as immunosuppressive agents. The patient was a 46 year old male, blood group was Rh(+) A, who had received a kidney from his Rh(+) O, HLA haploty'pe identical elder brother. He was transfused with three units of Rh(+) A RBCs preoperatively and his hemoglobin level was 9.2g/dl 1 day after transplantation. After 11 to 12 days posttransplantation, the hemoglobin level dropped to 3.8g/dl. A peripheral blood smear showed marked spherocytosis and polychromatophilia. The reticulocyte count was increased to 4.2%, and total bilirubin was increased to 2.91mg/dl. The LDH was raised to 561 IU/L and the plasma Hb level was 6.Smg/dl. Blood bank tests confirmed that the autoantibody cause hemolytic anemia was anti-A. If transplant recipients of blood groups A, B, or AB, who recieve organs from blood group 0 donors, have hemolytic anemia and ABO discrepancy, the possibility of AIHA due to anti-A or anti-B should be considered.
Anemia, Hemolytic ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune* ; Antibody Formation ; Bilirubin ; Blood Banks ; Blood Group Antigens ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasma ; Prednisolone ; Reticulocyte Count ; Siblings ; Tissue Donors* ; Transplantation*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the relationship between students' seating preferences and academic achievement in medical school. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 109 second-year students in C medical school. The pattern of seat selection of 109 students was surveyed by participant observation for 48 days, and a questionnaire was administered to determine the factors that were considered by students. Using SPSS version 12.0, we analyzed the factors that students considered with regard to seat selection and seat preference and the frequency of seat movements between areas. We performed one-way ANOVA to analyze the differences in academic achievement between students who moved seats versus those who did not. RESULTS: The most common reasons for seat selection were to focus better on the lecture (60 students), to focus better on lecture, and to feel familiar with the same seat (60 students). Students' preferred seats were in rows A4, A7, A5, and A3 (in descending order), which are primarily the central sections, and columns B15, B1, B14, B19 (in descending order), which are primarily both ends of the division. The difference in academic achievement between students who moved seats and those who did not was not significant (p>0.05). Among students who did not move seats, the difference in academic achievement between 9 seating areas was not significant in 6 subjects (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that we should reconsider a professor's general perception regarding academic achievement according to seat location.
Achievement ; Humans ; Schools, Medical ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Fumaric aciduria(fumarase deficiency) is a rare inborn error of metabolism resulted from a deficiency of fumarase, one of the constituent enzymes of the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle. Enzyme deficiency causes excessive urinary excretion of fumaric acid due to a defective conversion of fumaric acid to malic acid. It usually presents early in infancy with a severe encephalopathy including hypotonia, developmental retardation and frequent seizures. We report a case of suspected fumarase deficiency presenting with persistent mild metabolic acidosis associated with moderate hydrocephalus in a newborn infant.
Acidosis* ; Citric Acid Cycle ; Fumarate Hydratase* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant, Newborn* ; Metabolism ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Seizures

OBJECTIVE: This study consists of a single open clinical trial to evaluate the treatment effects of paroxetine on symptoms of hwa-byung, a Korean culture-related anger syndrome. METHODS: Eighty-nine patients with depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, or self-labeled hwa-byung were treated with paroxetine (Paxil CR) 12.5-37.5 mg/day for 8 weeks. Treatment effects were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), the State and Trait Anger Inventory (STAXI), and the Hwa-byung Scale. RESULTS: Scores on all items ; total score on the Hwa-byung Scale ; scores on state anger, trait anger, and anger-in ; total score on the STAXI ; and total score on the HAM-D decreased significantly after eight weeks of paroxetine treatment compared to baseline. CONCLUSION: Paroxetine was shown to be effective for treating symptoms of hwa-byung, a chronic anger syndrome.
Anger ; Anxiety Disorders ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Humans ; Paroxetine ; Somatoform Disorders

In the last years, according to the increasing incidence of measles and other viral diseases, it have been needed to study on not only the fundamental epidemiological characteristics of mumps and measles but also judgement on the effectiveness of vaccine that meet our domestic situation. The author carried out questionnaire to obtain epidemiological characteristics and vaccine efficacy of mumps on epidemics of mumps in one primary school in Hwasung-kun, Kyonggi Do from Feb. to July, 1994. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Total students was 556, but 446(78.4%) responded to the questionnaire. Among that 446,130(29. 1%) have suffered from mumps. From 9 to 10 year old students had the high attack rates, especially 10 year olds has the highest(39. 7%). 2. From Feb. 2, 1994, first case was on, to July 6, 1994, the epidemic was continues, and attack rate was higest in May(50. 5%). 3. Among the 130 mumps patients, 5 have suffered from complication(3.8%) : encephalitis 3(2 in male, 1 in female). 4. Vaccination rate was 91%, and as ages were lowered, the rates were higher. 5. Attack rate was higher in group who had time interval after vaccination less than 5 years than total attack rate, and was higher in group who had been vaccined after 5 year old. 6. Attack rate in vaccinated group was 27.3%. 7. Vaccine efficacies, be judged by three methods of analysis according to case definition and vaccination status, were 37.4 39. 2%. 8. Factors that have significantly affected the mumps epidemic were vaccination status and vaccination age.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Encephalitis ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Measles ; Mumps* ; Vaccination ; Virus Diseases ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to determine the role of the VEGF and MVD expression in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast and to observe the correlation between the expression of these VEGF/MVD, and other prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining of VEGF and MVD with monoclonal antibody in pathologic specimens of 35 patients of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast was carried out. Reiationship between the expression of the VEGF/MVD and prognostic factors were assessed. RESULTS: The VEGF/MVD expression was closely related to tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage, but not related to histologic grade, nuclear grade, estrogen receptor, and progestrone receptor. And the VEGF expression was closely related to MVD. CONCLUSION: The VEGF expression and microvessel density in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast may play an important prognostic factors, closely related to the tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and stage.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Microvessels ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the causative organisms, clinical manifestations, and prognosis of pediatric patients with bacterial meningitis in Daejeon and Chungcheong area, occurred from 2006 to 2010. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients aged between 1 month and 15 years, diagnosed with bacterial meningitis at 8 university or general hospitals in Daejeon and Chungcheong area. The bacterial meningitis was defined by isolation of organism from cerebrospinal fluid(CSF). The data was collected from January 2006 to December 2010, and analyzed including patient's demographics, causative organisms, clinical presentation, laboratory findings and complications. RESULTS: During the 5-year study period, 24 patients were diagnosed with CSF culture-proven bacterial meningitis. The most common causative organism was Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae, 37.5%), and the others were group B streptococcus (GBS, 20.8%), Escherichia coli (E. coli, 16.7%), Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis, 8.3%), Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae, 4.2%), respectively. They initially complained of fever (95.8%), vomiting (83.3%), anorexia (45.8%), seizure (29.2%), headache (20.8%). The leukocyte counts exceeding 1,000/mm3 in CSF was observed in 14 patients (58.3%). In 15 patients (62.5%), the glucose concentration in CSF was less than 50 mg/dL, 18 patients showed that the protein concentration in CSF was more than 100 mg/dL. Long-term neurologic sequelae were observed in 4 patients (16.7%) and described as hearing disturbance (2 patients), hemiparesis (1 patient) and endocrine dysfunction (1 patient). Ten patients (41.7%) showed abnormal neuroradiologic findings and the most common abnormalities was subdural effusion (25.0%). CONCLUSION: Compared to the previous study performed between 2001 and 2005, S. pneumonia continued to be the leading cause of the pediatric bacterial meningitis in Daejeon and Chungcheong area. The frequency of pneumococcal meningitis was not decreased, despite of the introduction of conjugated pneumococcal vaccination. On the other hand, H. influenzae meningitis was notably decreased.
Anorexia ; Demography ; Escherichia coli ; Fever ; Glucose ; Haemophilus influenzae ; Hand ; Headache ; Hearing ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Leukocyte Count ; Medical Records ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Bacterial* ; Meningitis, Pneumococcal ; Neisseria meningitidis ; Paresis ; Pneumonia ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Streptococcus ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Subdural Effusion ; Vaccination ; Vomiting