Clavicle fractures are frequently seen with the recent increase in traffic and industrial accidents. Recently, in adults, open reduction and internal fixation techniques are commonly performed for the patient to return earlier to their jobs. But internsl fixation technique for clavicle fractures has been a subject of controversy. We operated on 78 cases of fractures of the middle third of clavicle by the technique of intramedullary threaded Steinmann pin fixation from March 1985 to Nov. 1988. The following results were obtained. 1. The funtional results were excellent; 32 cases(41%), good; 41 cases(53%), fair ; 5 cases (6%). 2. The complications include motion limitation ; 5 cases(6%), pin tract infection ; 5 cases (6%), delayed union ; 1 case(1%) 3. The advantages of intramedullary threaded Steinmann pim fixation are as follows. 1) Early active range of motion is possible. 2) The operation procedure is simple to perform. 3) Removal of the pin is easy without anesthesia. Therefore, intramedullary threaded Steinmann pin fixation is thought to be a good operative technique for the clavicle fracture.
Accidents, Occupational ; Adult ; Anesthesia ; Clavicle ; Humans ; Range of Motion, Articular

PURPOSE: The purpose is to correlate computed tomographic findings classified according to the degree of disease severity(grading A-E) with clinical course of acute pancreatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: in a retrospective review of 42 patients with acute pancreatitis, computed tomographic scans were classifed according to the degree of disease severity, and were correlatd with the clinical course. RESULTS: Pancreatic abscesses were seen in 14.3% and occured in 35.7% of grade D and E patients. Three patients with abscess died. Fatty infiltration of the liver was noted in 16.7%, pleural effusion in 21.4%.. stones and thickened wall of the gallbladder were present in 7.1% and in 9.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that phlegmonous extrapancreatic spread on initial CT scan had a high predictive value of the patients, prognosis.
Abscess ; Cellulitis ; Gallbladder ; Humans ; Liver ; Pancreatitis* ; Pleural Effusion ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the normal anatomy of the lymphatic system draining the biliary trees and the prevalence of variable lymphatic spread of primary biliary carcinoma into these extrahepatic planes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 46 pathologically confirmed among 116 cases underwent abdominal CT. RESULTS: Of 17 patients with gallbladder cancer, nodal metastsis was proved in 10(59%) cases, direct organ invasion in 3(18%) cases, and peritoneal spread in 2(12%) cases. After a radicaloperation, nodal invasion was developed in 4 patients and peritoneal spread in 5 patients. Of 11 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, nodal metastasis was proved in 6(55%) patients. Four patients developed paritoneal dissemination later. Of 18 patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, however, nodal metastasis was proved in only 6(33%), but 5 among 12 patients who took a radical operation showed recurrence. CONCLUSION: The lymph node of the foramen of Winslow and pancreaticoduodenal lymph node were prevalent sites in the nodal metastasis of biliary carcinoma and CT was helpful in the indentification of this lymphadenopathy and extrabiliary spread on both initial and follow-up studies.
Cholangiocarcinoma ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphatic System ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Prevalence ; Recurrence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Infarction* ; Retrospective Studies*

PURPOSE: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) in children is a common skin disorder, but its clinical course varies. We investigated the clinical course and associated factors for CSU treatment in children. METHODS: A total of 107 children, diagnosed with CSU from 2001 to 2016 in Dong-A University Hospital, who had been followed up for more than 6 months after treatment, were enrolled. The laboratory findings, and clinical aspects and courses were retrospectively investigated by a medical record review. We divided the 152 patients into 3 groups according to the treatment modalities: group 1, 1 antihistamine; group 2, more than 2 kinds of antihistamines; and group 3, antihistamines plus leukotriene receptor antagonist. RESULTS: The mean age of patients in group 3 was 3.4 years (range, 2.6–4.2 years), which was significantly lower than those at the other 2 group patients (P=0.01). The urticaria activity score (UAS) of group 3 (6.1 [5.7–6.6]) was significantly higher compared to those of the other 2 groups (P=0.01). The improvement rate of the condition in children with positive specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) reactivity to food or inhalant allergens was significantly lower than that of children with negative sIgE reactivity (P=0.01). Sex, age, history of allergic diseases, disease duration, UAS, previous treatment, and treatment modality were not correlated with the symptom improvement rate. CONCLUSION: Younger children and those with higher UAS needed more medication to ensure the improvement in symptoms. Moreover, it took more time for the improvement in symptoms in children who were sensitized to food or inhalant allergens.
Allergens ; Child* ; Histamine Antagonists ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulins ; Medical Records ; Receptors, Leukotriene ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Urticaria*

In the Visible Korean project, 642 three-dimensional (3D) surface models have been built from the sectioned images of a male cadaver. It was recently discovered that popular PDF file enables users to approach the numerous surface models conveniently on Adobe Reader. Purpose of this study was to present a PDF file including systematized surface models of human body as the beneficial contents. To achieve the purpose, fitting software packages were employed in accordance with the procedures. Two-dimensional (2D) surface models including the original sectioned images were embedded into the 3D surface models. The surface models were categorized into systems and then groups. The adjusted surface models were inserted to a PDF file, where relevant multimedia data were added. The finalized PDF file containing comprehensive data of a whole body could be explored in varying manners. The PDF file, downloadable freely from the homepage (http://anatomy.co.kr), is expected to be used as a satisfactory self-learning tool of anatomy. Raw data of the surface models can be extracted from the PDF file and employed for various simulations for clinical practice. The technique to organize the surface models will be applied to manufacture of other PDF files containing various multimedia contents.
Cadaver ; Human Body ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Male ; *Models, Biological ; *Software ; User-Computer Interface

We describe a 27-year-old man who developed gait disturbance and dysarthria 2 years after the onset of cardinal symptoms of Behcet's disease. Positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose revealed severe hypometabolism in the cerebellum, in accordance wih cerebellar symptoms and sign of the patient. However, single-photon emission tomography with Tc-99m-HMPAO and Tc-99m-ECD did not disclose significant perfusion abnormalities in the brain. Routine brain magnetic resonance imaging did not show signal abnormalities. The findings of imaging studies compared with neurological manifestations of the patient are discussed.
Adult ; Brain ; Cerebellum ; Dysarthria ; Gait ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Perfusion ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to confirm the factors that affect the mortality associated with the open surgical repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) and to analyze the long-term survival rates. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on a prospectively collected database that included 455 consecutive patients who underwent open surgical repair for AAA between January 2001 and December 2012. We divided our analysis into in-hospital and postdischarge periods and analyzed the risk factors that affected the long-term survival of rAAA patients. RESULTS: Of the 455 patients who were initially screened, 103 were rAAA patients, and 352 were non-rAAA (nAAA) patients. In the rAAA group, 25 patients (24.2%) died in the hospital and 78 were discharged. Long-term survival was significantly better in the nAAA group (P = 0.001). The 2-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates of the rAAA patients were 87%, 73.4%, and 54.1%, respectively. Age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–.08; P < 0.001) and aneurysm rupture (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.12–.44; P = 0.01) significantly affected long-term survival. CONCLUSION: Preoperative circulatory failure is the most common cause of death for in-hospital mortality of rAAA patients. After excluding patients who have died during the perioperative period, age is the only factor that affects the survival of rAAA patients.
Aneurysm ; Aortic Aneurysm ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal* ; Aortic Rupture ; Cause of Death ; Hospital Mortality* ; Humans ; Mortality ; Perioperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Rupture ; Shock ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) is known to be a relatively effective in decreasing the cardiac loading and improving the symptoms and survivals in the patients with severe left ventricular(LV) dysfunction, who are refractory to conventional medical treatments. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the clinical course and prognosis of 18 patients initiating CAPD and manifesting severe LV dysfunction at the same from September, 1996 to December, 2000 in Inha University Kidney Center. To know the effect of LV dysfunction on the survival, the outcomes of 103 CAPD patients with normal cardiac function was compared as control group. RESULTS: Total subjects were 11 male and 7 female with a mean age of 59.9+/-1.6 years. Causes of end stage renal disease were diabetic nephropathy (12), chronic glomerulonephritis(1), lupus nephritis(1), and unknown(2). Mean follow-up duration was 12.7+/-10.6 months. In pre-CAPD period, all subjects showed cardiac symptoms of NYHA class III or IV with a mean ejection fraction of 27.6+/-0.6%. Six months after CAPD, mean ejection fraction of all patientswas improved up to 44.8+/-3.1%. 13 patients(72.2%) showed improvement of cardiac function in terms of NYHA class. Five patients showed neither improvement nor aggravation of cardiac function, who were mostly female, older, and transferred from hemodialysis and three of whom died. During follow-up period, seven patients died because of aggravation of previous cardiac disease(4), acute myocardial infraction(1), cerebral hemorrhage(1) and peritonitis(2). When compared to 103 patients without LV dysfunction who started CAPD, 1-year survival was poorer in the patients with LV dysfunction(41.7% vs 77.8%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: LV dysfunction is still a risk factor of poor survival, CAPD may improve symptoms and systolic cardiac fucntion in ESRD patients with severe LV dysfunction.
Diabetic Nephropathies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Male ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Prognosis ; Renal Dialysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver* ; Polycythemia Vera* ; Polycythemia*