No abstract available.
Oncogenes*

Fracture of intercondylar eminerce of the tibia indicate probable alteration of the cruciate ligament stability in the knee and occur from hyperextension injury of the knee and violent internal rotation of the tibia. Fracture of intercondylar eminence of the tibia has been classified by Meyer and Mckeever(1959, 1970) according to the degree of displacment and this classification is important as it pertains to the proper selection of treatment. The author studied 24 cases in 24 patients of fracture of the intercondylar eminerce of the tibia at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Severance Hospital during a 10 year period from Januaary, 1975 until December, 1984. The aim of this study was to find out incidence, cause and associated injury of the fracture of the intercondylar eminece of the tibia and was to asses the comparative results of the conservative and surgical treatment. The result of this study ase as follows ; 1. There is a predisposition for make in a ration of 3:1 and there is no age preponderance in occurance. 2.Majority of cause of injury was traffic accident(62.5%). 3.Isolated fracture of intercondylar eminence of the tibia was 15 cases (62.5%) associated knee joint injury shows 9 cases (37.5%). Among the associated knee joint injury, rupure of medial collateral ligament was 4 cases(44.4%), rupture of medial meniscus was 3 cases(33.3%) and rupture of lateral colateral ligament was 2 cases (22.2%). 4.By Meyer and Mckeever's classification, Type 2(41.7%) fracture of intercondylar eminence of the tibia was most common, and then Type 1(37.5%) and Type 3(20.8%) occured in order of frequency. 5. Type 1 and Type 2 fracture of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia resulted in good prognosis with only conservative treatment, and open reduction is not indicated. 6. Type 3 fracture of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia can be treated with conservative treatment if there is no associated injury of the knee joint.
Classification ; Clinical Study ; Collateral Ligaments ; Equidae ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Ligaments ; Menisci, Tibial ; Orthopedics ; Prognosis ; Rupture ; Tibia

Rotatory Instability of the permitting abnormal external totation of the tibia on the femur is the result af forced abduction of the flexed knee and external rotation of the tibia. The basic lesion is a tear in the medlal capsular ligament. The authors have reported clinical study in 40 patients with medial collateral ligament injuries who were treated by operative methods in the Orthopedic Department at the Taegu Presbyterian Hospital from January 1973 to Octdber 1979. of 40 patients, pes anserinus transplantation was performed on 15 patients and direct repair on 25 patients. The results are as followings: 1. All the patients were seen with a complete rupture of the medial collateral ligament and of these 45% had rupture of the femoral attachement. 2. Exellent to good result were more often obtained in recent injuries of less than 2 weeks rather than those in older Injuries. 3. Exellent to good result were more often obtained in the groups of Pes Anserinus tranplantation than the groups of direct repair. 4. In all cases of groups of pes anserinus transplantation, permanent sensory palsy af the patellar branches of the saphenous nerve was present due to the location of the surgical incision.
Clinical Study ; Collateral Ligaments ; Daegu ; Femur ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Orthopedics ; Paralysis ; Protestantism ; Rupture ; Tears ; Tibia

PURPOSE: The loss of estrogen and progesterone receptors appeats to be associated with a progression to less differentiated and hormone-independent tumors. The gain of hormone independency over time even in estrogen receptor-positive tumors has become another obstacle to endocrine therapy for breast cancer. We tried to regain the hormone dependency in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells by lipofecting estmgen receptor cDNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mutant human estrogen receptor cDNA (pSGS-HEO) was lipofected into estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, in an attempt to restore their sensitivity to antiestrogen. Then the effects of 17p-estradiol and tamoxifen were studied by counting viable cell numbers after treating the lipofected cell line with either one or together. RESULTS: Culture medium cantaining phenol red, a weak estrogen, has growth advantages compared with culture medium without it. In both culture conditions, cell growth was most profoundly inhibited in 4 days after lipofection with mutant human estrogen receptor cDNA, which was overcome after that day. Tamoxifen, as an antiestrogen, showed a growth inhibitory effect slightly stronger tban combined conditions of tamoxifen and 17- estradiol compared to estrogen-treated group and to control, and the inhibitory effect was lasted 4 days. CONCLUSION: The temporary induction of estrogen receptor by lipofection with pSGS-HEO on estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 showed negative growth control on these cells by tamoxifen, indicating that liposome-mediated estrogen receptor transfection may be used as a novel therapeutic strategy for hormane independent human breast cancers in the near future.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cell Count ; Cell Line ; DNA, Complementary ; Estradiol ; Estrogen Receptor Modulators ; Estrogens* ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans* ; Phenolsulfonphthalein ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Tamoxifen ; Transfection

BACKGROUND: Polyarteritis nodosa(PAN) is a disease of necrotzing vasculitis which has a clinical spectrum encompassing those cases of multisystem involveme it and skin-limited variant. The clinical course of cutaneous PAN has been considered to be a benign one, however there is sorne controversy regarding its nosological entity. OBJECTIVE: To characten the clinical course of the patients with cutaneous PAN and determine whether or not it is a benign disease or something more sever. METHODS: Clinical and laboratory findings in 8 patients with Logy-proven cutaneous PAN but without any detectable visceral involvement were observed periochelly during a follow-up period over 18 months. Meticulous physical and pertinent laboratory earinations were performed each time during their visits. RESULTS: Livedo reticulari, on the lower legs was the mostorenon cutaneous findings with these patients. During the follow-up periods there were no suspected abnormal physical and laboratory findings to have other organ involvement in all 8 patients Serologic examinations for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and hepatitis-B surface antigen revealed negative in all patients tested. CONCLUSION: The follow-up periods of 2 years or so does not seem to be long enough in characterizing the clinical features of PAN. However, the cutaneous: on of PAN can be regarded as a benign cutaneous variant of the disease having no visceral lesion of arteritis, even though mild degrees of constitutional symptoms and a few laboratory abnormlites could be seen.
Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ; Antigens, Surface ; Arteritis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leg ; Polyarteritis Nodosa* ; Vasculitis

BACKGROUND: Estrogen deficiency accelerates loss of bone mass and changes lipid profile in the postmenopausal women, so that the osteoporosis and astherosclerosis were developed. But it has not enough studies including the premenopausal women. So we have investigated about the differences of body mass index(BMI), lipid profile and bone mineral density (BMD) with pre- and postmenopausal women. METHODS: We have evaluated 201 premenopausal women and 322 postmenopausal women out of total 651 who had visited Health Screening Center in the hospital of Eul-Ji Medical College from November, 1995 to July, 1996. RESULTS: The mean age of total subjects, premenopausal women, postmenopausal women were 51.9, 43.9, 56.8 years, respectively. The mean period after menopause was 8.1 years. Significant difference was seen in BMI, lipid profile and BMD according to age and menopause(P<0.01). BMI was related to lipid profile(P<0.01), but not to BMD(P>0.1). In postmenopausal women BMI, BMD and lipid profile were related to postmenopausal period (P<0.05). In viewing their correlations BMD had strong adverse correlations with factors such as age, menopause, and postmenopausal period. Lipid profile had weak positive correlations with factors such as age, menopause, BMI(P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The lipid profile are related to factors such as age, BMI, menopause, and postmenopausal period. The BMD is related to above factors except BMI. Prospective study is needed to evaluate the influence of estrogen on BMD and lipid metabolism. Thus, it helps to the prevention and treatment of the osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia in the postmenopausal women.
Bone Density* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Lipid Metabolism ; Mass Screening ; Menopause ; Osteoporosis ; Postmenopause

Edwards syndrome is first introduced by Edwards and characterized by facial anomalies, multiple cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urogenital, and skeletal malformations. It results from triplication of part or all of chromosome 18 in some or all of the patient's cells. It has an incidence of 1 in 4,500 live births or less and short life expectancy. Recently we experienced a case of 3-day-old female new born infant with this syndrome. Post mortem examination showed progeric face with prominent occiput, large flabby ears, microphthalmia, and micrognathia, bilateral clenched hands with flexion contraction of middle fingers, and bilateral rockerbottom feet. Internal examination revealed horseshoe kidney, esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula, two accessory spleens, and multiple cardiac anomalies. A trisomy 18 was confirmed by the cytogenetic study.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Incidence

A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the immediate postoperative recovery and socioeconomic efficacy with the surgical release of Carpal tunnel syndrome by double incision technique. Sixty cases of carpal tunnel syndrome were operated by one surgeon between 1993 and 1995 and 44 cases in 39 patients were available for this study. Surgery was done under axillary block and patients were evaiuated preoperatively, 3 weeks and 6 weeks each postoperatively. The evaluation was focused on the immediate recovery in terms of subjective symptoms of pain and paresthesia, local tenderness, strength of grip power and pinch power and postoperative disability. 1l was noted that surgical release of carpal tunnel syndrome utilizing double incision technique was as effective as seen in the endoscopic release in terms of quicker recovery of pain, local tenderness and strength. It was also noted that this double incision technique was as safe and economically beneficial as observed in the conventional open procedure.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Paresthesia

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Salpingectomy*

In the orthopaedic field, some elective surgeries such as joint replacement, spinal surgery and limb salvage procedures for musculoskeletal tumors frequently need various amounts of blood transfusions. However, homologous transfusion occasionally results in various side effects, such as allergic reaction, febrile reaction, and the transmission of infectious diseases such as syphilis, hepatitis and AIDS, ctc. Recently, these complications especially in elective surgery might result in medicolegal or social problems. Risks from transfusions in elective surgery can be minimized with prebanked autologous transfusion. To evaluate the necessity of prehanked autogenous transfusion, fifty five patients who had unilateral hybrid total knee arthroplasty (noncemented at the femoral side and cemented at the tibial and patellar sides) were operated on by the same surgeon from April 199S to July 1997 and had autogenous shed blood transfusion were evaluated for postoperative blood loss, amount of autogenous shed blood, amount of transfusion, hemoglobin and hematocrit. The results were as follows: 1. The distribution of preoperative hemoglobin was from 9.6g/dL to 16.5g/dL (average: 1.8g/dL). 2. The distribution of the amount of blood loss for three days postoperatively was from 156ml to 2001 ml (average: 798ml). 3. The distrihution of the amount of transfusion of autogenous shed blood was from 30ml to 600ml (average: 448ml). 4. There were two patients who had febrile reactions above 38 after transfusion of autogenous shed blood. 5. Forty-six patient(84%) had a homologous transfusion and the average amount of transfusion was 1.9 pint. 6. Total amount of homologous transfusion was decreased according to the increased amount of hemoglobin and the amount of transfusion was statistically decreased above the level of I 3g/dL(Students t-test, P=0.0005). 7. There were no significant differences in the amount of homologous transfusion between age, sex, type of disease, type of implants. In conclusion, most of our patients(84%) needed homologous blood transfusion in unilateral hyhrid total knee arthroplasty and the amount of transfusion decreased in patients who had hemoglobin above 13.0g/dL. So we recommend preparing banked autogenous hlood preoperatively in patients who have a lower hemoglobin level in unilateral hyhrid total knee arthroplasty.
Arthroplasty* ; Blood Transfusion* ; Communicable Diseases ; Hematocrit ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Joints ; Knee* ; Limb Salvage ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Social Problems ; Syphilis