No abstract available.
Hydrocephalus*

This study was performed to know effectiveness and safety of cadaveric lyophilized dura mater grafts(Lyodura, B.Braun Melsungen, Germany) to cover glaucoma implant tube. Tewnty-seven eyes of 25 patients who underwent glaucoma implant surgery between April 1996 and September 1997 received a lyophilized dura mater patch graft to cover the subconjunctival portion of the tube and then followed up for clinical signs. The mean follow up visit was 10.3 months (range: 5-18 months). All eyes tolerated the lyophilized dura mater grafts well without clinical signs of graft related conjunctival, scleral, of intraocular inflammation. And no conjunctival erosion or melting of the graft was observed. The result of this study suggests that preserved dura mater is maybe a reasonable alternative to eye bank sclera for use in glaucoma implant surgery.
Cadaver ; Dura Mater* ; Eye Banks ; Follow-Up Studies ; Freezing ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Sclera ; Transplants*

To study the relationship between the corneal erosion by inverted eyelash and the degree of astigmatism and visual acuity, we reviewed the surgical recorders of epiblepharon children. We classified 106 eyes of 53 children as 3 groups according to the area of corneal erosion(grade I:confined below pupil, grade II:involving pupil partially, grade III:involving pupil totally). We examined uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and noncycloplegic auto-refraction test before and 1 month after surgery. Mean UCVA was increased from 0.61 before surgery to 0.71 after surgery and mean BCVA was increased from 0.82 to 0.89 and the differences were stastically significant(p<0.05). Mean astigmatism was decreased from 1.28 diopter(D)to 1.19 D 1 month after surgery(p>0.05). The degree of visual improvement and astigmatic decrease was similar in 3 groups. In conclusion in epiblepharon children the visual acuity was poor more likely due to corneal erosion itself than due to refractive error like astigmatism. In epiblepharon children with-the-rule astigmatism was more prevalent than in normal children before and after the surgery.
Astigmatism* ; Child* ; Humans ; Pupil ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity*

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the postoperative change of keratometric astigmatisms according to preoperative. A total of 254 eyes were underwent phacoemulsification and foldable silicone posterior chamber lens implantation using 3.2mm temporal clear corneal incision. The subjects were divided into five groups: Group 1(aganist the rule >1.25D), Group 2(ATR < OR =1.0D), Group 3(with the rule < OR =1.0D), Group 4(WTR >1.25D) and emmetropia according to preoperative astigmatisms. Mean preoperative astigmatism was -0.19+/-0.97D. At 6 months after operation, mean surgically induced stigmatism(SIA) was 0.41+/-0.60, and remained astigmatism was 0.27+/-0.98D. SIA in group 1, 2 was less than in group 3, 4. The difference was stastically significant at 6 months after operation(p<0.05). The change of astigmatism in group 1 was -1.83+/-0.48D preoperatively, -0.75+/-0.50D at 6 months after operation, in group 2 -0.58+/-0.28D preoperatively, 0.02+/-0.50D at 6 months, in group 3 0.45+/-0.25D preoperatively, 0.50+/-0.43D at 6 months, and in group4 1.90+/-0.25D preoperatively, 3.17+/-0.23D at 6 months. In group 4, the proportion of patients who had astigmatism within 1D was only 20% at months after operation and none 6 months after operation. In conclusion, temporal clear corneal incision induces more astigmatisms in preoperative ATR group than in WTR group. And the Patients who have preoperative astigmatism larger than WTR 1.25D seem to be needed an additional correction of astigmatism or change the location of incision in temporal clear corneal incision cataract surgery.
Astigmatism* ; Cataract* ; Emmetropia ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification ; Silicones

Postoperative changes of keratometric astigmatism were analysed in 137 cases of phacoemulsification and foldable silicone posterior chamber lens implantation using clear corneal incision. The subjects were divided into two groups; Group 1 comprised 36 eyes which underwent surgery using a superior approach, Group 2 comprised 101 eyes which underwent surgery using a temporal approach. Surgically induced keratometric astigmatism in Group 1 was -1.14+/-1.02 diopter(D) at one day, -0.98+/-1.03 D at one week, -0.58+/-0.94 D at two months after operation, and in Group 2 was 0.69+/-0.97 D at one day, 0.96+/-1.08 at one week, 0.63+/-0.68 at two months after operation. The difference of absolute astigmatism between two groups was statistically significant(p<0.05) at one day after operation. But there was no statistically significant difference at one week and two months after operation. Temporal incision induced less astigmatism than superior incision temporarily in cataract surgery using clear corneal incision.
Astigmatism* ; Cataract* ; Phacoemulsification ; Silicones

PURPOSE: Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma(PCACC) is a very rare malignant tumor originating from the eccrine glands of skin and 39 cases have been reported in the world literature. We report PCACC on the lower lid with metastasis to the lung and brain. METHOD: 56 years old man visited because of hard mass on left lower lid which developed 18 months ago. On punch biopsy the mass showed malignant nature and it was removed by wedge resection method with clear margin. RESULT: Adenoid cystic carcinoma was diagnosed by histologic exam of removed mass and it was diagnosed PCACC because salivary gland region is normal and systemic exam shows no abnormality. After 2 years 10 months recurrent tumor developed on medial lower lid and zygomatic area. We tried to remove mass totally but it failed. Metastases to lung and brain developed.
Adenoids* ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic* ; Eccrine Glands ; Humans ; Lung ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Salivary Glands ; Skin

Salmonellosis is a major bacterial zoonosis that causes self-limited enteritis in animals and foodborne disease and typhoid fever in humans. Recently, multi-drug-resistant strains of Salmonella spp. have increased and caused more serious problems in public health. The present study investigated the antibacterial effects of egg-white lysozyme (EWL) against Salmonella (S.) Typhimurium and the therapeutic effects of EWL for murine salmonellosis. Evaluation of the antibacterial effects of EWL against S. Typhimurium revealed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of EWL of 6.25 and 300 µg/mL, respectively. In the bacterial growth inhibition test, EWL at 300 (p < 0.05) and 600 µg/mL (p < 0.01) significantly inhibited the growth of S. Typhimurium at 4 h postincubation. EWL administration at MIC (LYS-1), MBC (LYS-2) and 2× MBC (LYS-3) for 14 days resulted in mortality of mice infected with S. Typhimurium of 70, 40 and 10%, respectively, while that of control mice (CON) was 90%. Counts of S. Typhimurium in murine spleens were significantly lower in LYS-2 and LYS-3 than CON (p < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that EWL has the potential for treatment of ICR mice infected with S. Typhimurium.
Animals ; Enteritis ; Foodborne Diseases ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR* ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mortality ; Muramidase* ; Public Health ; Salmonella Infections ; Salmonella typhimurium* ; Salmonella* ; Spleen ; Therapeutic Uses* ; Typhoid Fever

Polypeptide growth factors belong to a class of potent biologic mediators which regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and metabolism. IGF-I is polypeptides secreted by skeletal cells and is considered as regulators of bone formation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of IGF-I on bone nodule formation and alkaline phosphatase activity of MC3T3-E1 cells. MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded at 1x10(4) cells/well, 1x10(5) cells/well in alpha-modified Eagle medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 10 mM beta-glycerophosphate and 50microgram/ml of ascorbic acid. Before 48 hours of indicated time, medium were changed with serum free medium. After 24 hours, 0.1, 1, 10 ng/ml IGF-I were added to the cells and cultured for 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days. And histochemical analysis was done and ALP activity was measured and was expressed as nmol/min/mg of protein. The bone nodule formation in MC3T3-E1 cells of IGF-I was seen at 21, 28 days, but there were no difference between control group and experimental groups. The ALP activity decreased when it is compare to control 2 group except for 1 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml IGF-I of 21-day-groups and 1 ng/ml IGF-I of 28-day-groups. Dose response effects of IGF-I of ALP activity in MC3T3-E1 cells were seen the highest ALP activity at 1ng/ml until 21days and the highest ALP activity at 10 ng/ml of 28 daygroups. The peak times were seen at 7-day group, 14-day group on control group and experimental group respectively, and 1 ng/ml group was the highest ALP activity. From the above results, IGF-I was not seen notable effect on bone nodule formation and decreased ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 cells but the use of IGF-I to mediate biological stimulation of MC3T3-E1 cells shows promise for future therapeutic application.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Ascorbic Acid ; Cell Differentiation ; Eagles ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I* ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Metabolism ; Osteogenesis ; Peptides

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 15.5 year long term survival rate of the Precoat femoral stem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the results of 105 primary hybrid total hip replacements (98 patients) that were performed by one surgeon between October 1990 and August 1995 using a cemented polymethyl-methacrylate coated femoral prosthesis (Precoat) and contemporary cementing techniques. Thirty four patients (34 hips) died and seventeen patients (17 hips) were lost to follow-up. Forty seven patients (54 hips) were available for clinical follow-up, with an average follow-up period of 15.5 years (range: 8.4 to 18.3 years). The average age of the patients at the time of the index operation was 46 years (range: 22 to 67 years). There were 32 male patients (37 hips) and 15 female patients (17 hips). RESULTS: For the acetabular component, 15 hips (27.8%) were revised for cup loosening and isolated liner exchange was performed in 12 hips (22.2%) for liner wear and osteolysis. For the femoral component, 12 hips (22.2%) were revised due to aseptic loosening. Of these twelve hips, 3 hips had Grade B cement mantles and 9 had Grade C cement mantles. The clinical results of the 54 retained hips were good or excellent in 52 hips (96.3%) with the average Harris hip score being 88 points (range: 72 to 96 points). CONCLUSION: The mean 15.5 years' survival rate of the Precoat cemented femoral stem was 78%. We think that there were several factors for the failure of femoral stem fixation, including age, physical activity and the body weight, as well as the stem design and the surgical technique had an influence on the stem's survival.
Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Body Weight ; Chimera ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Osteolysis ; Prostheses and Implants ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: It has been suggested that the pineal hormone melatonin(MEL) protects neurons in vitro from excitotoxicity mediated by kainate-sensitive glutamate receptors and from oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. The present study evaluated the antioxidatives and anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin on kainic acid(KA)-induced neuronal injury in the hippocampus in vivo. METHODS: 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two equal groups. Control group was treated with KA only and test group was treated with KA and MEL. We injected 10 mg/kg KA intraperitoneal into rats. This results in selective neuronal injury accompanied by intense microglial activation and triggers DNA damage in the hippocampus. We tested the in vivo efficacy of MEL in preventing KA-induced neuronal injury and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. MEL(2.5 mg/kg) was injected i.p. four times : 20 min before KA, immidiately after, and 1 and 2 h after the KA. Rats were sacrificed 72 h later and their hippocampi were examined for evidence of DNA damage (in situ dUTP-end-labeling, i.e. TUNEL staining), cell viability(H&E staining), microglial (isolectin-B4 histochemistry), astroglial responses(glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP immunohistochemistry), and lipid peroxidation(4-hydroxynonenal immunohistochemistry). RESULTS: The cumulative dose of 10 mg/kg MEL attenuates KA-induced neuronal death as well as microglial activation and lessens DNA breaks. CONCLUSION: A possible mechanism of MEL-provided neuroprotection lies in its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. Present data suggest that MEL holds potential for the treatment of acute brain pathologies such as epilepsy-associated brain damage, stroke, and brain trauma.
Adult ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Brain ; Brain Injuries ; DNA Breaks ; DNA Damage ; Epilepsy ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Kainic Acid ; Male ; Melatonin* ; Neurons* ; Pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Stroke