A statistical observation ryas made on Genito-Urinary-Tract injuries of Korean Army Personnel in Vietnam War during the period of November, 1965 to November, 1966. and the following results were obtained. 1. The Genito-Urinary-Tract injuries were 15 cases(5.3 per cent) among 825 war causalities. 2. As for the causes of injuries, 25 cases (55.5 per cent) were caused by gunshot, 9(20.O per cent) by booby trap, 5(11. O per cent) by mortar, 3(6.6 per cent) each by crush and grenade. 3. Concerning the frequency of injuries in each organ, 12 cases (6. 6 per cent) each were observed in urethra, in scrotum and testis, 10 (22.2 per cent) in kidney, 8 (17.7 per cent) in bladder, and 3 {6. 6 per cent) in penis. 4.The incidence of Genito-Urinary-Tract injuries associated with the other organs was as follows. In kidney injuries, Z cases were associated with intestine, 4 with liver, 3 with spleen and one each with radial nerve and iliac vessel. In bladder injuries. 2 cases were associated with pelvic bone, and one with spleen. In urethra injuries, 6 cases were associated with pelvic bone and 2 with intestine. 5. As for the multiplicity of Genito-Urinary-injuries, 4 cases were observed in scrotum, testis and urethra, and 3 each in urethra and bladder, and scrotum and testis. 6. The evacuation time from battle fields to the evacuation hospital was one hour in average by helicopter
Aircraft ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intestines ; Kidney ; Liver ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Pelvic Bones ; Penis ; Radial Nerve ; Scrotum ; Spleen ; Testis ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Vietnam*

Background: Univent(R) tube was designed to overcome the disadvantages of double lumen endotracheal tube for one lung anesthesia. But overinflation of the blocker cuff of an endobronchial tube can cause pressure damage to the bronchus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the blocker cuff pressure and the duration of ballooning using the Univent(R) tube is correlated with the degree of bronchial mucosal damage (BMD). Methods: A total of 13 men and 7 women intubated with the Univent(R) tube were enrolled for the study. The BMD were evaluated by direct visualization using fiberoptic bronchoscopy prior to intubation and following extubation and the degree of the BMD were scored from 0 to 4 as follows; 0: normal, 1: erythema, 2: swelling, 3: hemorrhage, 4: mucosal wall tearing. Results: No change in bronchial mucosa (score 0) were observed in 11 patients (55%), erythema (score 1) in 5 patients (25%), swelling (score 2) in 3 patients (15%), hemorrhage (score 3) in 1 patient (5%) and mucosal wall tearing (score 4) is none in 20 patients. The bronchial blocker cuff pressure required to "just sealing" the bronchus was 178.1+/-37.4 mmHg with corresponding cuff volume of 6.7+/-1.0 cc. The duration of ballooning was 115.5+/-26.4 min. The correlation coefficient between the blocker cuff pressure and duration of ballooning to the degree of bronchial mucosal damage were 0.125 and 0.137, respectively, which was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The bronchial blocker of Univent(R) tube doesn't cause any severe BMD and the degree of BMD are correlated with neither the bronchial blocker cuff pressure nor duration of ballooning of Univent(R) tube.
Anesthesia ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Erythema ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intubation ; Lung ; Male ; Mucous Membrane

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

No abstract available.
Mucin-1* ; Poroma*

BACKGROUND: Neurofibroma, the hallmark of neurofibromatosis, is a cutaneous or subcutaneous lesion, with a variable clinical presentation. Histologically, neurofibroma consists of proliferation of nerve derived cellular elements, together with an abundant, collagenous extracellular matrix. Specifically, neurofibroma has been shown to contain 30-50% collagen in its matrix. Objective 5. METHODS: We examined the expression of extracellular matrix genes (collagen, fibronectin, laminin), TGF-b mRNA and Ha-ras oncogene mRNA by using Northern and slot-blot hybridization and immunoperoxidase stains. Result: In Northern blot analysis, Ha-ras and TGF-b genes revealed respectively, 8.8kb and 2. 5kb sized mRNA transcripts in neurofibroma. These parameters were normal in the control. The expression of these genes were 1.9, 2.0 fold increased in neurofibroma. In slot-blot analysis, expression of type I collagen showed fibronectin genes to be 2,401+210, 540+43, respectively, in neurofibroma. So there were 3.7 fold, 2.1 fold, differences respectively, compared to the normal control. However, there were no significant changes of type IV collagen and laminin Bl mRNA levels between neurofibroma and normal skin tissues. Irnmunoperoxidase staining by rnonoclonal anti type IV collagen antibody in neurofibroma showed type IV collagen to be diffusely and weakly stained in tissue. On staining by monoclonal anti-laminin antibody, laminin was stained in a matrix and around vessels. CONCLUSION: The increased expression of extracellular matrix genes may suggest that there is a subpopulation of fibroic cells in neurofibroma which are stimulated by TGF-b. Ha-ras genes which might have accumulated with the differentiation of neural tissue may be related to the pathogenesis of neurofibroma tissue formation. Further studies are needed to determine whether the other factors are related to the pathogenesis of neurofibroma.
Blotting, Northern ; Collagen ; Collagen Type I ; Collagen Type IV ; Coloring Agents ; Extracellular Matrix* ; Fibronectins ; Genes, ras* ; Laminin ; Neurofibroma ; Neurofibromatoses* ; RNA, Messenger ; Skin

It has generally been accepted that there is a direct relationship between excessively nearwork such as writing and reading, and the incidence of myopia in primary school children. Hong et al (1967, 1968) reported a yearly increase in the incidence of myopia in primary school children in Seoul, Korea. The highest incidence of myopia was found among 5th and 6th graders. These children had to study hard for long hours in preparation for the entrance examinations into middle school. This study was on the incidence of myopia among primary school children was made to find the present incidence of refractive errors now that the entrance examination has been eliminated. In Seoul these examinations have been eliminated since 1969. This study was made in 1973 A comparison is made of the incidence of refractive errors before and after the elimination of the examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 645 primary school children (330 boys and 315 girls) between the ages of 7 and 12 were examined for refractive errors. Visual acuity was checked using the Snellen's E chart under a standard 10 foot candle illumination. There after -2% Cyclogyl solution was twice instiIled in both eyes at 5 minute intervals. The subjective and objective refractive examination was done when the pupils were fully dilated and there was no reaction to light. RESULTS: 1. Ammetropia was more common than emetropia in all of the studies for primary school children (1967, 1968, 1973). 2. Hyperopia was more common than myopia in all of the studies of the incidence of ametropia. (1967, 1968, 1973). 3. The incidence of hyperopia increased until the age of 7 following which there was an annual decrease in the incidence. in contrast, the incidence of myopia showed an annual increase from the age of 8 years. 4. Although myopia was more commonly found among the girls in the 1967, 1973 studies, the 1968 study showed a higher incidence among boys. 5. The greatest incidence of refractive errors occurred at the age of 7 years. 6. The majority of refractive errors were less than 3 diopters. 7. "With the rule" astigmatism was more commonly found than "against the rule". 8. In 1973 the incidence of myopia among primary school children had dropped to 13. 70/0 as compared with a 19.37% incidence in 1967, and 22.9% incidence in 1968.
Astigmatism ; Child* ; Cyclopentolate ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Incidence* ; Korea ; Lighting ; Myopia ; Pupil ; Refractive Errors* ; Seoul ; Visual Acuity ; Writing

It has generally been accepted that there is a direct relationship between excessively nearwork such as writing and reading, and the incidence of myopia in primary school children. Hong et al (1967, 1968) reported a yearly increase in the incidence of myopia in primary school children in Seoul, Korea. The highest incidence of myopia was found among 5th and 6th graders. These children had to study hard for long hours in preparation for the entrance examinations into middle school. This study was on the incidence of myopia among primary school children was made to find the present incidence of refractive errors now that the entrance examination has been eliminated. In Seoul these examinations have been eliminated since 1969. This study was made in 1973 A comparison is made of the incidence of refractive errors before and after the elimination of the examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 645 primary school children (330 boys and 315 girls) between the ages of 7 and 12 were examined for refractive errors. Visual acuity was checked using the Snellen's E chart under a standard 10 foot candle illumination. There after -2% Cyclogyl solution was twice instiIled in both eyes at 5 minute intervals. The subjective and objective refractive examination was done when the pupils were fully dilated and there was no reaction to light. RESULTS: 1. Ammetropia was more common than emetropia in all of the studies for primary school children (1967, 1968, 1973). 2. Hyperopia was more common than myopia in all of the studies of the incidence of ametropia. (1967, 1968, 1973). 3. The incidence of hyperopia increased until the age of 7 following which there was an annual decrease in the incidence. in contrast, the incidence of myopia showed an annual increase from the age of 8 years. 4. Although myopia was more commonly found among the girls in the 1967, 1973 studies, the 1968 study showed a higher incidence among boys. 5. The greatest incidence of refractive errors occurred at the age of 7 years. 6. The majority of refractive errors were less than 3 diopters. 7. "With the rule" astigmatism was more commonly found than "against the rule". 8. In 1973 the incidence of myopia among primary school children had dropped to 13. 70/0 as compared with a 19.37% incidence in 1967, and 22.9% incidence in 1968.
Astigmatism ; Child* ; Cyclopentolate ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Incidence* ; Korea ; Lighting ; Myopia ; Pupil ; Refractive Errors* ; Seoul ; Visual Acuity ; Writing

Induction of A-V block by tachycardia is a well-known phenomenon. But there are few case reports of bradycardia-dependent A-V block. We report a case of bradycardia-dependent A-V block with review of literatures. This patient was a 52-year-old female who complained of dizziness and anterior chest discomfort. Electrocardiographic recording demonstrated complete A-V block. Monitor electrocardiographic recordings during sitting position and after atropine administration demonstrated decrease of degree of block from complete A-V block to first degree A-V block. The occurrence of complete A-V block from bradycardia during supine position suggests a phase 4-dependent block. After a permanent ventricular pacemaker was implanted, the patient recovered and was without symptoms during 12 months follow up.
Atropine ; Bradycardia ; Dizziness ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Supine Position ; Tachycardia ; Thorax

The principle of surgery of the parotid gland is adequate removal of the tumor with functional and anatomical preservation of all blanches of the facial nerve. There are two main surgical approaches to superficial or total conservative parotidectomy. Anterior approach and posterior approach. Preliminary identification of the main trunk of the facial nerve is probably the most favoured techniques, but identification of the peripheral blanches of the facial nerve, with subsequent Proximal dissection to the main trunk, is long established but less popular technique. We have prospectively experienced the low incidence of facial nerve damage in series of 55 conservative parotidectomies performed using the anterior approach. The techniques employed is described with a deport of results obtained in the belief that this approach warrants greater popularity and saute technique.
Facial Nerve ; Incidence ; Parotid Gland ; Prospective Studies

Primary cutaneous leiomyosarcoma is a rare neoplasm. The tumor presents as a nondescript subcutaneous mass, and may be painful or tender. The diagnosis depends on the histopathologic findings. We report a case of primary cutaneous leiomyosarcoma developed in a 57-year-old male. Five and half years ago, the patient noticed a rice grain sized nodule on the right deltoid area. Five years ago, the lesion was excised at a local medical office. From 2 years ago, the tumor recurred on the excision site as a well defined painful erythematous hard tumor, measuring 3.5*3cm. Biopsy specimen showed densely packed, interlacing bundles of smooth muscle cells which have numerous anaplastic nuclei, atypical giant cells with bizarre nuclei and 10 mitotic figures per 10 high power fields.
Biopsy ; Edible Grain ; Diagnosis ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle