This study was performed to assess the effect of one year's of meal service for home-staying urban elderly with low incole on their nutritional status. One hundred and eighty three subjects, who had already completed the first nutritional survey, were assigned to two group : meal served(served) and non-meal served(non-served). A meal containing approximately on half of the RDA for energy, protein, calcium and iron was served as lunch everyday to served group. After on year of meal service, follow-up-nutritional survey was done and changes of parameters were analyzed with paired t-test. Served female showed signficantly increased intake of riboflavin and calcium, while non-served female showed significantly decreased intake of calcium. Serum total protein, serum albumin and serum cholesterol were significantly increased in female regardless of meal service. Served remale was observed with significantly elevated LDL-cholesterol, whereas non-served female showed singnificantly lowered HDL-cholesterol. Significantly decreased serum iron, serum transferrin saturaion and significantly increased TIBC were observed for female regardless of meal service. But the proportion of anemic elderly according to Hb or serum iron was decreased more in served group. Female showed significantly increased serum zinc and copper regardless of meal service, whereas only served male showed significantly increased serum copper.
Aged* ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Copper ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; Lunch ; Male ; Meals* ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Status ; Riboflavin ; Serum Albumin ; Transferrin ; Zinc

No abstract available.
Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular*

BACKGROUND: ABO subgroups are obstacles in blood typing and cross matching in the process of pre-transfusion. Correct ABO typing is important for ensuring safety of a transfusion. The ABO subgroups contain a lesser amount of antigen on red cells and this is a common cause of discrepancy between the results of cell and serum tests. This study was performed to analyze the frequency and distribution of the ABO subgroups in Korean blood donors. METHODS: ABO blood grouping was performed by an automated analyzer (PK7200/7300, Olympus, Japan) for the 3,397,983 donors from January 2007 to December 2009. The 1,868 donor samples that were suspected to have ABO subgroups were tested with adsorption/elution techniques. The results of the tests were analyzed and we received approval of the Institutional Review Board of the Korean Red Cross to publish this study. RESULTS: 1,771 donors out of the 1,868 donors who underwent the tests were finally identified as having ABO subgroups. The kinds of identified ABO subgroups were as follows; 118 donors with the A subgroup (A2, A3, Ax, Am, Ael), 237 donors with the B subgroup (B3, Bx, Bm, Bel) and 1,416 donors with the AB subgroup (A2B, A2B3, A1B3, AmB, A1Bm, A1Bel, AxB, A1Bx). The most frequently observed subgroups were A2B (496/1,868, 26.55%) and then A2B3 (457/1,868, 24.46%). The subgroups of 97 donors (5.19%) were not identified. CONCLUSION: This study was meaningful to provide data on the frequency and distribution of the ABO subgroups of Korean blood donors. A more sensitive technique such as genotyping could be useful to resolve cases with an unidentified subgroup.
Blood Donors ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Humans ; Red Cross ; Tissue Donors

The coexistence of adrenal cortical tumor and pheochromocytoma was extremely rare. A total of 25 reported cases showing evidence of hyperfuction of the adrenal cortex and pheochromocytoma were noted in the literature. Of those twenty cases were coexistence of pheochromocytoma and adrenocortical hyperplasia and only five cases were coincident pheochromocytoma and adreno-cortical adenoma. Recently, we experienced a case of adrenocortical adenoma associated with incidental pheochrmocytoma. A 55-year-old woman complained of progressive weight gain and epigastric discomfort. Hormonal and radiologic studies revealed Cushings syndrome with a left adrenal tumor. Adrenalectomy was performed and the gland actually had two nodules on its surface, one pheochromocytoma and the other cortical adenoma. This patient was the first case of pheochromocytoma with adrenocortical adenoma in Korea. We report the case with a review of literature.
Adenoma ; Adrenal Cortex ; Adrenalectomy ; Adrenocortical Adenoma ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Pheochromocytoma ; Weight Gain

We report an autopsy case of secondary hemochromatosis associated with multiple frequent blood transfusion for the treatment of aplastic anemia. A 23-year-old man had been diagnosed as having aplastic anemia at the age of 13. He received a whole blood transfusion, about 1280 ml, every month during the past 10 years. Recently he developed diabetes mellitus and a congestive heart failure. The autopsy revealed that multiple organs were affected by secondary hemochromatosis, including the liver, heart, pancreas, spleen, bone marrow, stomach, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and testes. The lungs and liver showed gross and microscopic findings consistent with a congestive heart failure in addition to hemochromatosis. The details are presented. This is a case of rare secondary hemochromatosis occurring in a young man and presenting the classic histopathologic changes indistinguishable from those of primary hemochromatosis.
Adrenal Glands ; Anemia ; Anemia, Aplastic* ; Autopsy* ; Blood Transfusion ; Bone Marrow ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Heart ; Heart Failure ; Hemochromatosis* ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Pancreas ; Spleen ; Stomach ; Testis ; Thyroid Gland ; Young Adult

We examined excitotoxicity, putatively a major mechanism of ischemic neuronal death, in primary rat retinal cultures. Retinal cultures were prepared from newborn rats (day 1 or 2). Exposure of these cultures (DIV8-10)to NMDA or kainate induced neuronal death. Furthermore, MK-801 or CNQX each partially attenuated glutamateinduced neuronal death, suggesting that both NMDA and kainate receptors mediate it. Thy-1(+) retinal ganglion neurons, like neurons as a whole, were equally injured by NMDA and by kainate. However, GABA(+) or calbindin (+) neurons of the inner nuclear layer were resistant to NMDA, but highly vulnerable to kainate. These neurons may have AMPA/kainate receptors that are highly permeable to Ca2+, as they take up cobalt with kainate stimulation. These results suggest that the AMPA/kainate receptor, rater than the NMDA receptor, may mediate this pattern of selective neurnonal death.
6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione ; Animals ; Calbindins ; Cell Death* ; Cobalt ; Dizocilpine Maleate ; GABAergic Neurons ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Kainic Acid ; N-Methylaspartate ; Neurons ; Rats ; Receptors, Kainic Acid ; Retinal Neurons* ; Retinaldehyde*

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to deterrnine the efficacy of maternal corticosteroid therapy on the morbidity of premature infants between 26 and 31 weeks' gestation. METHOD: A total of 62 premature infants between 26 and 31 weeks gestation admitted to pediatric department of National Medical Center from Nov, 1990 to June 1996 were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of prenatal corticosteroid therapy on the morbidity such as hyaline membrane disease, intreventricular hernorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, neonatal death, days on ventilation and hospital days. RESULT: Among 62 women who delivered premature infants between 26 and 31 weeks, 22 received betamethasone before delivery and 40 did not. 1) The rate of hyaline membrane disease was less in the betamethasone group (41% vs. 70%, P<0.05). 2) The rate of intracranial hemorrhage was less in the betamethasone group (0 vs. 20%, P<0.05). 3) The days of ventilator care was less in the betamethasone group among survival cases (27+/-3.2 vs. 5.2+/-4.6, P<05). 4) Arnong 14 women who delivered at 26 to 28 weeks, 4 received betamethasone before delivery and 10 did not. The rate of neonatal death was less in the betamethasone group (o% vs. 80%, P<0.05). 5) Among 48 women who delivered at 29 to 31 weeks, 18 received betamethasone before delivery and 30 did not. The rate of hyaline membrane disease was less in the betamethasone group (39% vs. 73%, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Betamethasone appears to reduce hyaline membrane disease, intraven- tricular hemorrhage, neonatal death and the morbidity significantly in premature infants between 26 and 31 weeks' gestation.
Betamethasone ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyaline Membrane Disease ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Pregnancy ; Sepsis ; Ventilation ; Ventilators, Mechanical

PURPOSE: Most undergraduate students are in the phase of gaining mental and physical autonomy from their parents as they expand their worlds. The ways that sexual ethics are established during this time may have an important influence on healthy lifestyles and the maintenance of social order. This study aims to determine a typology of undergraduate students' sexual ethics and the characteristics that compose the types. METHODS: Q methodology, which analyzes the subjectivity of each type of attitude, was used. The 44 selected Q statements from 43 participants were classified into the shape of a normal distribution using a 9-point scale. The collected data were analyzed using the PC-QUANL program. RESULTS: The results revealed three discrete groups of students with respect to sexual ethics: traditional absolute purity type, open-minded compromise type, and rational responsibility type. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that different approaches to educational programs on sexual ethics are recommended for undergraduate students based on the three types studied.
Attitude to Health ; Consensus ; Female ; Healthy Lifestyle ; Humans ; Male ; Republic of Korea ; Sex Education/statistics & numerical data ; Sexuality/*ethics ; Social Responsibility ; Students/*psychology ; Young Adult

The incidence of pancreatic trauma is increasing and still remains a major source of morbidity and mortality. We have graded the pancreatic trauma on CT according to its pattern into four grades. We also determine the accuracy of CT in the evaluation of pancreatic trauma and the role of CT for delineation of pancretic ductal injury which is critical factor in outcome of pancreatic trauma. CT correctly diagnosed the pancreatic trauma and its traumatic pattern and severity in 22 of 25 cases. Pancreatic enlargement was the most common findings observed in 19 cases. Other findings were 15 cases of intrapancreatic low density hematoma, 12 cases of parenchymal fracture which were predilected in pancreatic neck area. CT grade III and IV could predict the pancreatic ductal injury, and was well correlated with severity of posttraumatic pancreatitis, duration of admission days and incidence of complications. So we concluded that CT can play a definite role for diagnosing and determining the prognosis of pancreatic trauma.
Diagnosis* ; Hematoma ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Neck ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreatitis ; Prognosis

The Korean law on medicine was amended in 2003 to introduce new provisions for telemedicine, electronic medical record, and electronic prescription. However, this has not satisfied the realities of the increased demand on medical services and related technology development, resulting in calls for a legislative amendment. In this regard, recent active promotion projects and the advance notice proposing a new amendment by the Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Family Affairs have raised the need for active discussions on telemedicine because the current law on medicine and its amendment do not adequately address the individual privacy protection aspect in the telemedicine environment. In this regard, this study examines current domestic and foreign legal systems on telemedicine and privacy protection, drawing and reviewing subjects to be discussed for individual privacy protection in telemedicine, and proposes plans that may improve Korea's legal system. The domestic and foreign literature on telemedicine and privacy protection was reviewed, recent legislations on telemedicine and views of interest groups were considered, and expert opinions were collected. In addition, the main discussions on privacy protection in telemedicine were identified and reviewed, including information ownership, the scope of privacy protection, the right to review and request correction, and privacy protection matters related to foreign patients. The recent amendment to tele medicine contains a provision only on penalties for privacy protection violations. The main discussions in this study on privacy protection are expected to be reflected in future amendments to enforcement rules and sub-ordinances such as the enforcement ordinance.
Electronic Health Records ; Electronic Prescribing ; Expert Testimony ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Ownership ; Privacy ; Public Opinion ; Telemedicine