No abstract available.
Ovarian Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Clomiphene*

This study was made to identify compliance in self-medication, and factors influencing the self-medication of pulmonary TB patients. Self-medication of pulmonary TB patients is a very important factor for the cure of the patients. In this study, variables were used from three theories of health behavior. These were the Health Belief Model, Health Locus of Control, Theory of Planned Behavior. These were included to examine their effect on self-medication. Data were collected during the period from July 1 to August 20, 1994 using a structured questionnaire. And they were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Multiple Regression analysis using the SAS program. The result were as follows : 1. The mean on the self-medication scores ranging from 6.0 to 12.0 was 10.93. The mean for the self-evaluation scores of the self-medication ranging from 50.0 to 100.0 was 86.51. 2. There were significant associations between the scores on self-medication and age(F=2.34, p=0.033), and method of treatment(F=4.65, P=0.018). And there were significant associations between the self-evaluation scores of self-medication and age (F=3.79, P=0.000), and presence of TB patients among family(F=4.92, P=0.000). 3. (a) The relationship between the scores on self-medication and perceived barrier in health belief revealed a significant correlation(r=-.2046, p=0.0082). (b) The relationship between the scores on self-medication and other-dependency in LOC revealed a significant correlation(r=0.2322, p=0.0018). (c) The relationship between the self-evaluation score of self-medication and other-dependency in LOC revealed a significant correlation(r=0.1946, p=0.0122). (d) The relationship between the attitude in self-medication of the subjects and the self-evaluation score of self-medication revealed a significant correlation(r=0.2102, p=0.0066). 4. (a) 14.8% of the score of compliance in self-medication of the subjects was explained by five variables : Behavioral Intention, Duration of Treatment, Age, Perceived Sensitivity and Perceived Sensitivity and Perceived Barrier. (b) 8.7% of the score of self-evaluation of self-medication was explained by three variables : Perceived Control, Perceived Sensitivity, and Age. In conclusion : This study provides insights and information which may be valuable for motivation and instruction to improve compliance in self-medication among pulmonary TB patients.
Compliance* ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Intention ; Internal-External Control ; Motivation ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The main purpose of this methodological study was to develop an assessment tool and intervention protocol for child and family with childhood cancer at early diagnosis stage. The assessment tool and intervention protocol was developed by extensive literature review and consultation with experts. Review of nine domestic and sixty-six international journal articles were done to identify stress, interventions, coping strategies and adjustment of children with cancer and their family. Results were as follows; First, assessment at the early diagnosis stage need to include information on patient, family, and patient/family attitude toward diagnosis and treatment. Second, intervention protocol for children with cancer includes control physical symptoms, manage the side effects of chemotherapy and diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, control emotional responses, provide support and information, assist decision-making and adjust to environment. Third, intervention protocol for family includes controlling emotional responses, provision of informations, inducing family support to patient, improving family cohesion, supporting siblings and supporting spiritual growth. In conclusion, the early diagnosis stage in cancer treatment is important for child and family since this stage greatly affects the overall adjustment of child and family to live with cancer. Therefore, pediatric nurses need to be sensitive to the need of patient/family and systematically manage their needs at this stage.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Early Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Methods ; Nursing* ; Siblings ; Child Health

BACKGROUND: Asthma is one of the most prevalent diseases in Korea. Although the guidelines of asthma management were reported in Korea, the present pattern of asthma management by primary physicians has not been studied. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the pattern of asthma management by primary physicians. METHODS: In November 2002, 710 primary physicians specializing in internal medicine in Seoul, Korea were provided with two scenarios of asthmatic patients, one mild and the other severe. By mail or interview, the physicians were asked several questions about their present pattern of asthma management for the patients in each scenario. RESULTS: Among 710 primary physicians, we obtained the answers from 325 physicians (response rate 46%). The most preferred prescription was oral theophylline. 71% and 81% of the physicians answered that they would prescribe oral theophylline for the mild and severe asthmatics, respectively. The next prescription preferred were mucolytics and oral beta2-agonist, in that order. However, 36% and 56% of the physicians answered that they would prescribe inhaled steroids for the mild and severe asthmatics, respectively. Among diagnostic tests, physicians preferred pulmonary function test to the rank next tochest radiography. CONCLUSION: The primary physicians in Seoul prefer oral bronchodilators to inhaled steroids in asthma management. More efforts should be made to reduce the difference between the present pattern of asthma management by primary physicians and the asthma guidelines.
Asthma* ; Bronchodilator Agents ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Expectorants ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Korea ; Postal Service ; Prescriptions ; Radiography ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Seoul* ; Steroids ; Theophylline

Until recently, cytogenetic studies failed to identify any landmark chromosomal aberrations associated with cervical carcinomas, Recent comparative genome hybridization(CGH) studies have, however, demonstrated that one of the most consistent chromosomal abnormality that marks the transition of carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the cervix to invasive carcinoma is the gain of specific chromosome 3q sequences. Although HPV infection has been demonstrated to be a most important initiating event in the development of most cervical cancers, other additional genetic events are also required for eventual development or progression of invasive cancer. The genetic alterations in cervical cancer were investigated by CGH method using fh frozen specimens. CGH is based on two-color in situ hybridization where genomic tumor DNA is labeled with fluorochrome (FITC) and a normal reference genome is labeled with fluorochrome (Rhodamine) by nick translation. Following co-hybridization of the deferentially labeled genomes to normal reference metaphase chromosomes, Computer Assisted Image Analyzer interprets multicolor fluorescence. The volumetric change in the dual color is typically detected as gain or loss of the DNA sequences in specific region of chromosome. In this study, the pattern of chromosomal aberrations in cervical cancer was not similar to that reported previously by other authors. Overall chromosomal aberration was observed in 46.2%(12/26 cases). The gain of chromosome 5, 11q, 15q, and 17q was most frequent. In deletion, 1q loss was most frequent. There was some cell to cell variability of CGH results in a same tumor sample. The results await careful interpretation and there are several possible reasons of such difference. First reason is a possibility of racial difference in the pattern of chromosomal alteration necessary for cervical carcinogenesis and second one is a possibility of faulty analysis by either improper standardization of computer software or heterogeneity of specimen due to normal cell contamination. However, from the finding that there was no chromosomal aberration in all myometria used for normal control, threshold of normal fluorescence profile in our CGH seems to be reliable. The genetic studies on cervical cancer by this CGH technique should provide new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of lower genital tract cancer and allow for more logical and targeted approach to the cervical cancer management.
Base Sequence ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Cervix Uteri ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization* ; Cytogenetics ; DNA ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Genome ; In Situ Hybridization ; Logic ; Metaphase ; Population Characteristics ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND: We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of patients who had been treated with meloxicam for the extra-abdominal desmoid tumors and evaluated the correlation between clinical outcome and clinic pathological variables. METHODS: Twenty patients treated with meloxicam were followed up every 3 to 6 months. Meloxicam administration was planned at 15 mg/day orally for 6 months. RESULTS: Of the 20 patients evaluated, according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria, there were five patients with partial response (25.0%), eight with stable disease (40.0%), and seven with tumor progression (35.0%). The cumulative probability of dropping out from our nonsurgical strategy using meloxicam was 35.0% at 1 year and 35.0% at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that conservative treatment would be a primary treatment option for this perplexing disease even though we were not able to determine that the use of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor would have an additional influence on the natural course of a desmoid tumor.
Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Fibromatosis, Aggressive* ; Humans ; Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Adipocytes produce several adipokines that modulate insulin action as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum adiponectin concentrations and metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This study included 127 type 2 diabetic patients (males 63, females 64). The subjects were divided into two groups as with or without metabolic syndrome (MS(+) or MS(-)). The MS was diagnosed by International Diabetes Federation. Serum adiponectin, leptin, fasting plasma insulin, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, white blood corpuscle (WBC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), uric acid and C-reactive protein (CRP) were examined. RESULTS: Serum adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower in MS(+) than MS(-) (4.8 +/- 2.4 microgram/mL vs 7.6 +/- 5.8 microgram/mL, 7.6 +/- 3.7 microgram/mL vs 11.5 +/- 7.2 microgram/mL, P < 0.05 in males and females). After adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI), in MS (+), the serum levels of adiponectin correlated positively with high density lipoprotein - cholesterol (HDL-C) and negatively with height, body weight, ALT and CRP. In MS(-), the serum levels of adiponectin correlated positively with HDL-C and negatively with diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride and CRP. By multiple regression analysis, no parameters were independently correlated with serum adiponectin concentrations in MS(+), while DBP and HDL-C were independently related to serum adiponectin concentrations in MS(-). CONCLUSION: Serum adiponectin concentrations were lower in type 2 diabetic patients with MS than without MS. There were no significant parameters related to decrease serum adiponectin concentrations in MS. But further study is needed to confirm this result.
Adipocytes ; Adipokines ; Adiponectin ; Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Blood Pressure ; Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cholesterol ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Insulin ; Leptin ; Leukocytes ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Plasma ; Uric Acid

Mammalian acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is present in two isoforms, alpha and beta, both of which catalyze formation of malonyl-CoA by fixing CO2 into acetyl-CoA. ACC-alpha is highly expressed in lipogenic tissues whereas ACC-beta is a predominant form in heart and skeletal muscle tissues. Even though the tissue-specific expression pattern of two ACC isoforms suggests that each form may have a distinct function, existence of two isoforms catalyzing the identical reaction in a same cell has been a puzzling question. As a first step to answer this question and to identify the possible role of ACC isoforms in myogenic differentiation, we have investigated in the present study whether the expression and the subcellular distribution of ACC isoforms in H9c2 cardiac myocyte change so that malonyl-CoA produced by each form may modulate fatty acid oxidation. We have observed that the expression levels of both ACC forms were correlated to the extent of myogenic differentiation and that they were present not only in cytoplasm but also in other subcellular compartment. Among the various tested compounds, short-term treatment of H9c2 myotubes with insulin or okadaic acid rapidly increased the cytosolic content of both ACC isoforms up to 2 folds without affecting the total cellular ACC content. Taken together, these observations suggest that both ACC isoforms may play a pivotal role in muscle differentiation and that they may translocate between cytoplasm and other subcellular compartment to achieve its specific goal under the various physiological conditions.
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase/metabolism* ; Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase/drug effects ; Animal ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Chromones/pharmacology ; Cytosol/enzymology* ; Cytosol/drug effects ; Digitonin/pharmacology ; Immunoblotting ; Insulin/pharmacology* ; Isoenzymes ; Morpholines/pharmacology ; Myocardium/cytology ; Okadaic Acid/pharmacology* ; Phosphorylation ; Rats

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the initial experience of 24 cases of laparoscopic liver resection by a single surgeon to determine its feasibility and report perioperative complications associated with this technique. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of data from 24 patients who received attempted laparoscopic liver resections for primary liver tumors from November 2008 to April 2012 was conducted. Sixteen benign and eight primary malignant lesions were included. The patient's electronic medical records including age, gender, underlying disease, past medical history, type of operations, operative time, complications, conversion rates, and length of hospital stay were reviewed. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 52.6 years and the mean operation time was 263.7 minutes. The overall morbidity was 12.5% and the mortality was zero. One case was converted to open surgery (4.2%), while intraoperative transfusion was conducted in four cases. The types of operations included left hepatectomy (n=12, 50%; 3 with CBD exploration), left lateral sectionecectomy (n=4, 16.7%; 1 with cholecystectomy), partial hepatectomy for benign tumor (n=3, 12.5%: 1 with cholecystectomy), right hepatectomy (n=1, 4.1%), S6 segmentectomy (n=1, 4.1%), and tumorectomy (n=3, 12.5%). The mean estimated blood loss during operation was 375.3 cc and the postoperative hospital stay was 7.7 days. Additionally, one intraoperative complication and two postoperative complications occurred (12.5%). There was no postoperative mortality. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that laparoscopic surgery with HBP training is suitable for laparoscopic liver resection. However, to ensure safety of the liver resection and the advantages of laparoscopic surgery, a thorough understanding of hepatic anatomy and elaborate surgical planning is essential.
Dietary Sucrose ; Electronic Health Records ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Liver ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies