The diagnosis of primary cutaneous lymphoma is based on a combination of clinical, histological, immunophenotypic and genetic criteria. Nineteen cases of primary cutaneous lymphomas were studied for clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features. Seventeen (89%) cases were T cell origin and two cases (11%) were B cell origin. CD30-positive cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder was the most frequent subtype, occupying 42% (8 cases) of the cases. CD8 was positive in 5 cases consisting of 3 cutaneous T cell lymphomas and 2 anaplastic large cell lymphomas. CD4 was positive in 2 cases of mycosis fungoides and 3 cases of lymphomatoid papulosis. Six (67%) of 9 cases of cutaneous T cell lymphoma were positive for TIA-1. Ten (83%) out of 12 cases showed clonal rearrangements of TCR gamma genes, however, one T/NK cell lymphoma and one anaplastic large cell lymphoma did not. EBV association was detected only in T/NK cell lymphomas among 10 cases examined. In conclusion, our study showed higher proportion of CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders and less frequent mycosis fungoides in Korea compared to the incidences in Western countries. Our immunostaining results suggested that mycosis fungoides and lymphomatoid papulosis are CD4-positive T cell origin, however, the remaining primary cutaneous T cell lymphoma is predominantly CD8-positive cytotoxic T cell origin.
Diagnosis ; Genes, T-Cell Receptor gamma ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous ; Lymphomatoid Papulosis ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; Mycosis Fungoides

Richter's syndrome is generally accepted taht lymphoma or leukemia of low grade malignancy, during their course, may alter both their morphologic and clinical appearance and evolve into highly malignant neoplasia. The pathogenesis is not clear, however, dedifferentiation by the emergence of a new clone of cells of higher maligancy similar to the blastic transformation in chronic myelocytic leukemia is suggested as possible mechanism. A case of Richter's syndrome is described. This 45 year old female had been diagnosed as chronic lymphocytic leukemia by absolute peripheral lymphocytosis 5 months before, developed sudden severe abdominal pain and was received segmental resection of ileum under the clinical impression of intestinal perforation with peritonitis. Histologically, the ulcer margin was diffusely infiltrated by polymorphic cells composed of large atypical cells having vesicular nuclei, multinucleated giant cells and Reed-Sternberg like cells admixed with mature lymphocytes. These atypical and multinucleated cells of the paraffin section showed strong monoclonal immunoreactivity for IgG and lambda light chain by PAP method and was interpreted as malignant lymphoma, diffuse, large cell, immunoblastic, polymorphous.
Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Anus Neoplasms* ; DNA* ; Ploidies*

PURPOSE: An investigation has been carried out on the factors which affect the response reading of thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100) loaded with thin material in high energy photon. The aim of the study was to assess the energy response of TLD-100 to the therapeutic ranges of photon beam. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this technique, TLD-100 (abbreviated as TLD) chips and three different thin material (Tin, Gold, and Tissue equivalent plastic plate) which mounted on the TLD chip were used in the clinical photon beam. The thickness of each metal plates was 0.1 mm and TE plastic plate was 1 mm thick. These compared with the photon energy dependence of the sensitivities of TLD (normal chip), TLD loaded with Tin or Gold plate, for the photon energy range 6 MV to 15 MV, which was of interest in radiotherapy. RESULTS: The enhancement of surface dose in the TLD with metal plate was clearly detected. The TLD chips with a Gold plate was found to larger response by a factor of 1.83 in 10 MV photon beam with respect to normal chip. The sensitivity of TLD loaded with Tin was less than that for normal TLD and TLD loaded with Gold. The relative sensitivity of TLD loaded with metal has little energy dependence. CONCLUSION: The good stability and linearity with respect to monitor units of TLD loaded with metal were demonstrated by relative measurements in high energy photon (6~15 MV) beams. The TLD laminated with metals embedded system in solid water phantom is a suitable detector for relative dose measurements in a small beam size and surface dose.
Metals ; Plastics ; Radiotherapy ; Tin ; Water

Many factors including social rejection, family problems, loss of educational opportunity, fear, prejudice and ignorance of leprosy compound the inherent psychologicaI stress of leprosy. In light of these problems we have undertaken a study to evaluate the psychological status of several selected groups of leprasy patients. We first studied 340 leprosy patients living in resettlement villages and 304 healthy people living in similar isolated areas. We used a self report symptom inventory, SCL-90 (symptom check list-90), and compared the two-groups. (countinued..)
Humans ; Leprosy* ; Prejudice ; Self Report ; Social Distance

Treatment of rainbow trout macrophages with glycyrrhizin (GL), an aqueous extract of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), enhanced their respiratory burst activity. Maximal effects were seen using concentrations of 10-100 ug/ml. GL also modulated trout lymphocytes, increasing proliferation responses to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin two-fold over a range of GL concentrations. In addition, GL elicited the release of a macrophage activating factor (MAF) kom head kidney leukocytes, as assessed by the ability of generated supernatants to increase respiratory burst activity of target macrophages. MAF activity was most apparent using 100 ug/ml GL to induce MAF release and a 48 h incubation period with the target macrophages. Finally, GL was shown to enhance the release oF MAF in response to the mitogen concanavalin A. The results suggest that GL might modulate the innate defences in fish.
Concanavalin A ; Glycyrrhiza ; Glycyrrhizic Acid* ; Head Kidney ; Leukocytes* ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Oncorhynchus mykiss* ; Oncorhynchus* ; Respiratory Burst ; Trout

Changes in retinal sensitivity within central 30 degrees following panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) for more severe diabetic retinopathy were investigated. Twenty-five eyes with visual acuity of 0.4 or better and minimal maculopathy were studied prospectively. All underwent PRP in two sittings, and Humphrey field analyzer 30-2 threshold test was done before and 1 week, 1 and 3 months after the treatment. The mean retinal sensitivity threshold was obtained from each hemifield between 15 and 30 degrees and from the central 15 degree area, and the changes in the values were analyzed. Mean sensitivity threshold in the upper visual field at pre-PRP, post-PRP 1 week, 1, 3 months were 15.62, 13.81, 14.31, 14.85, respectively. Values in the lower field were 18.71, 17.25, 17.10, 18.17. Difference between pre-PRP and post-PRP was statistically significant at 1 week but no longer thereafter. Retinal sensitivity within the central 15 degrees remained stable. The data show that retinal sensitivity decreases significantly 1 week after PRP but recovers upto 95% of pre-PRP level over the following 3 months.
Adult ; Aged ; Diabetic Retinopathy/*physiopathology/surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; *Laser Coagulation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Retina/*physiopathology ; Sensory Thresholds ; Visual Acuity/physiology ; Visual Fields/*physiology

Partial toenail ablation on both sides of the great toenail, unfolding the severely curved toenail, and application of a simple device for maintaining the unfolded state of the incurved toenail is described to treat severely incurved toenails (pincer nails). This technique alleviated symptoms and improved the shape of severely curved toenails of the greater toe.
Nails ; Toes

Sinus Schneiderian membrane elevation surgery is widely performed for dental implant placement in the maxillary posterior region. With regard to sinus elevation surgery, various complications can occur and lead to implant failure. For successful implants in the maxillary posterior region, the clinician must be well acquainted with sinus anatomy and pathology, a variety of bone graft materials, the principles of sinus elevation surgery, and prevention and management of complications.

In patients with insufficient bone height and width, the successful placement of dental implants is difficult with regards to maintaining an ideal pathway and avoiding important anatomical structures. Vertical and/or horizontal ridge augmentation may be necessary using various bone substitute materials and bone graft procedures. However, effective one-wall reconstruction has been challenging due to its poor blood supply and insufficient graft stability. In this paper, the authors summarize current evidence-based literature based on the author’s clinical experience. Regarding bone substitutes, it is advantageous for clinicians to select the types of bone substitutes including autogenous bone. The most important consideration is to minimize complications through principle-based ridge augmentation surgery. Ridge augmentation should be decided with complete consent of the patients due to the possible disadvantages of surgery, complications, and unpredictable prognosis.