BACKGROUND: This study was performed to find out about the factors related to administration of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women. METHODS: One thousand seventy three postmenopausal women living in Busan and Kimhae were surveyed from August, 2000 to February, 2001. The subjects were asked whether they were receiving the HRT or not and about several factors that have known to be related to receiving the HRT. RESULTS: Among the total, 16.3% of women were current users, 12.4% were ex-users, and 71.2% were non-users. There were significant differences in age, marital status, number of children, education level, and income among the three groups. The proportions of hysterectomy and health-related behaviors were higher among current and ex-users than non-users. The current users were receiving the HRT by continuous combination method rather than cyclic therapy. Among them, 70% responded 'physician's recommendation' as the main reason for receiving the HRT. Among the current users 48% responded 'improved general condition' for receiving as the main reason the HRT currently. However, 29% of ex-users stopped therapy because of side effects. Among non-users 55% have not been provided with information about the HRT. Women having regular exercise at least once a week were 3.5 times more likely to be current users (95% C.I.: 1.3~9.6). One year after menopause women were 1.2 times (95% C.I: 1.0~1.4) more likely to be current users. CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal women who exercised regularly and experienced menopause at an older age seemed to be more likely current users. Therefore, women having such characteristics may need more adequate information about the HRT.
Busan ; Child ; Education ; Female ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Hormone Replacement Therapy* ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Marital Status ; Menopause

No abstract available.
Pneumoconiosis*

Authors reviewed 21 cases of histologically confirmed rib tumor except metastasis and myeloma from Nov. 1973 to Dec. 1982 at Seoul National University Hospital. The resuls are as follows: 1. Major clinical findings are painand mass. 2. Pathologic diagnosis of rib tumors are 5 cases of fibrous dysplasia, 3 chondroma, 2 osteochondroma, 2desmoplastic fibroma, 3 chondroma, 2 osteochondroma, 2 desmoplastic fibroma, 5 osteosarcoma, 1 aneurysmal bonecyst, 1 eosinophilic granuloma, 1 cavernous hemangioma, 1 chondrosarcoma. 3. Radiologic findings are osteolyticchange and cortical expansion without marginal sclerosis in fibrous dysplasia, central location, well-definedosteolytic change with marginal sclerosis and no cortical destruction in desmoplastic fibroma, corticaldestruction, soft tissue mass and pleural effusion in malignant tumors.
Aneurysm ; Chondroma ; Chondrosarcoma ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophilic Granuloma ; Fibroma ; Fibroma, Desmoplastic ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Osteochondroma ; Osteosarcoma ; Pleural Effusion ; Ribs ; Sclerosis ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Macrophages* ; Methylcellulose*

No abstract available.
Cutaneous Fistula ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous* ; Humans ; Sarcoma, Kaposi*

No abstract available.
Pigmentation*

No abstract available.
Pigmentation*

No abstract available.
Lymphadenitis* ; Parotid Gland* ; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous* ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node

No abstract available.
Blindness, Cortical* ; Diagnosis* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Pregnancy*

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a new postoperative analgesic which minimize the physiological changes of patients. Recently, it has become popular to administer opioids to epidural space rather than intravenously or by intramuscular administration. However, the side effects of opioids have limited the usefulness of this procedure. We tried to find out a way of providing postoperative analgesia while minimizing the side effects of opioids. This study has tested the effects of administering a mixture of small doses of morphine, fentanyl and bupivacaine and epidural morphine alone. The data of this study has taken from 20 paturients who have scheduled for cesarean section. We have classified into two groups which consist of 10 paturients each. We have administered epidural morphine alone to the first group and a small doses of morphine-fentanyl-bupivacaine mixture to second group. We have evaluated analgesic effects by comparing both groups' pain scores of the operative day and of the first postoperative day and evaluated such side effects as the degree of itching, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and respiratory depression by asking to paturients. This study has found the followings: 1) Pain scores of the first group in the operative day and the first postoperative day are 1.2+/-0.4 and 0.4+/-0.5. The second group's pain scores are 0.2+/-0.4 and 0, and the second group's pain scores have significantly reduced (p<0.05). 2) Frequencies of such side effects as itching, nausea and vomiting are higher in the first group (8) than in the second group(4). In conclusion, small doses of morphine-fentanyl-bupivacaine mixture has demonstrated a more effective postoperative analgesia with minimum side effects in pain controlling after cesarean section than epidural morphine alone.
Analgesia* ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Bupivacaine ; Cesarean Section* ; Dizziness ; Epidural Space ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Morphine* ; Nausea ; Pregnancy ; Pruritus ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Vomiting