After bone damage of the fetal rat femurs induced by administrating cyclophosphamide(CP),(1/8 LD50) to the pregnant rat on 13th day of gestation, the effects of serum and ascorbic acid on the repair process of the bone during organ culture were studied, histologically and scanning electron microscopically. CP-damaged fetal femurs harvested at 20 days of gestation were cultured fro 2, 5 and 7 days in the waymouth media(WM) with or without fetal bovine serum(FBS) and ascorbic acid, and were observed with light microscope and JSM-35C scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows:1. CP-damaged bone tissue cultured in WM with 10% FBS showed relatively enhanced activities in the differentiation of chondrocytes and ossificstion as compared to that cultured in WM. 2. CP-damaged bone tissue cultured in WM with 10% FBS and 100µg/ml ascorbic acid, showed increase in the length of the bone marrow cavity, and active formation of new osteoid and collagen bundles. 3. The bone tissues cultured in WM with 10% FBS and 400µg/ml ascorbic acid revealed active deposition of bone matrix, thickening of periosteum and marked elongation of the bone marrow cavity. 4. Bone trabeculae of CP-damaged femurs cultured for 2 days in WM showed poor cell proliferation and insignificant bone matix formation. 5. The number of new cells and the amount of the collagen fibrils increased on the bone trabeculae of the bone cultured in WM with 10% FBS as compared to that cultured in WM and this increase was enhanced as the culture time progressed. 6. A remarkable increase was noted in the number of cells and collagen fibrils in the bone tissues cultured in WM with 10% FBS and ascorbic acid than in those cultured in WM with 10% FBS. 7. The number of the spherules formed by cellular component with collagen fibrils is more numerous than that formed by calcospherites associated with collagen fibrils.
Animals ; Ascorbic Acid ; Bone and Bones ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Matrix ; Cell Proliferation ; Chondrocytes ; Collagen ; Cyclophosphamide ; Femur ; In Vitro Techniques ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Periosteum ; Pregnancy ; Rats

No abstract available.
Azoospermia* ; Sarcoidosis*

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Head* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

Uterine leiomyomas are the most common uterine tumors. They are estimated to be present in approximately 20% of all women of reproductive age. They may be present in subserosal, intramural, or submucosal in location within the uterus, or located in the cervix, in the broad ligaments, or on a pedicle. Many studies report that the malignant potential of a preexisting uterine leiomyoma is extremely rare, occuring in less than 0.5%. Uterine leiomyomas may cause a range of syptoms, for example, severe anemia from abnormal uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, constipation from rectosigmoid compression, dysuria, frequency, residual sensation due to bladder compression. Patients with those symptoms or "cancer phobia" should be treated. Rare but severe symptoms associated with uterine leiomyomas are rectosigmoid compression, with intestinal obstruction, thrombophlebitis of lower extremities from venous stasis, polycythemia, ascites, severe pain from torsion and infection of prolapsed pedunculated submucosal myoma and uterine inversion from prolase of pedunculated submucosal leiomyoma. Now we report a rare case of uterine inversion resulted from prolapse of huge pedunculated uterine submucosal leiomyoma, which caused hypovolemic shock due to massive uterine bleeding.
Anemia ; Ascites ; Broad Ligament ; Cervix Uteri ; Constipation ; Dysmenorrhea ; Dysuria ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Leiomyoma* ; Lower Extremity ; Myoma ; Polycythemia ; Prolapse* ; Sensation ; Shock ; Thrombophlebitis ; Urinary Bladder ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Uterine Inversion* ; Uterus

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the blood pressure level and their sexual maturity and physical growth in the children at puberty. For this purpose, we estimated the blood pressure, physical growth and sexual maturity of the boys of 335 and girls of 373 who are in the middle schools which are located in Kang-wha County, KyungKi-Do. Both systolic and diastolic pressure were measured twice. Such physical growth as height, body weight, skin fold thickness, waist circumference, hip circumference and arm circumference were measured. The sexual maturity was estimated according to the classification of Tanner's 5-phase-sexual-maturity; in boys, their pubic hair development phase; in girls, their pubic hair and breast development phase and the menstrual experience. In the phase of the pubic hair development, the boy's sexual maturity was distributed into this; the 1 st 56.4%, the 2nd 29.3%, the 3rd 9.9%, the 4th 4.1% and the 5th 0.3%. While the girls sexual maturity was distributed into this : the 1 st 20.5%, the 2nd 34.9%, the 3rd 30.6% the 4th 12.6% and the 5th 1.3% in the phase of the pubic hair development, and the 1 st 0.8%, the 2nd 13.7%, the 3rd 36.2%, the 4th 18.8% and the 5th 30.5% in the phase of the breast development. This indicated that the girls sexual maturity was higher than those of the boys. The girls menstrual experience rate accounted to the 58.2%. In order to see the relationship between the children's sexual maturity and blood pressure level, we regress blood pressure level on physical growth(i.e., height, BMI) and sexual maturity. Sexual maturity in treats as dummy variables. As the result of this analysis, the boys' sexual maturity has nothing to do with the blood pressure either systolic or diastolic. But the girl's systolic pressure was statistically significant; the 9% of the physical growth, the 5% of the pubic hair development and the 4% of the breast development in sexual maturity was explained. In the girls' diastolic pressure, only their pubic hair development was statistically significant; the 7% of the physical growth and the 7% of the pubic hair development in the diastolic was explained and the 5% of the physical growth in the diastolic Korotokoff phase was explained, especially, the girls experienced menstruation, their systolic and diastolic pressure were significantly high(P<0.01). Conclusively, in the first grade children attending middle schools who are in the early process of the sexual development, the sexual maturity was not related to blood pressure level, on the other hand, the blood pressure level of the girls who are more sexual development than those of the boys' have something to do with sexual maturity and physical growth.
Adolescent ; Arm ; Blood Pressure* ; Body Height ; Breast ; Child* ; Classification ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hair ; Hand ; Hip ; Humans ; Menstruation ; Puberty* ; Sexual Development ; Skin ; Waist Circumference

No abstract available.
Pulmonary Embolism*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Pegylated interferon (peginterferon) and ribavirin combination therapy is less effective and associated with a higher frequency of serious complications in chronic hepatitis C patients with cirrhosis than in noncirrhotic patients. This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of peginterferon and ribavirin treatment in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis. METHODS: Eighty-six patients with clinically diagnosed liver cirrhosis were treated with either peginterferon alpha-2a (n=51) or peginterferon alpha-2b (n=35) plus ribavirin. The sustained virologic response (SVR) and adverse effects were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 86 patients (55 males), 48 patients (55.8%) had HCV genotype 1 infection and 38 (44.2%) had genotype non-1 infection. The overall SVR rate was 34.9% (30/86), and the rates of SVR in the genotype 1 and non-1 patients were 20.8% (10/48) and 52.6% (20/38), respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed that having HCV genotype 1 (P=0.003) and high baseline viral load (>8.0x10(5) IU/mL, P=0.012) were the independent predictive factors for SVR failure. In 20.9% (18/86) of the patients, treatment was not completed due to adverse events (27.8%), loss to follow-up (50.0%), and other reasons (22.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Peginterferon and ribavirin combination therapy was relatively effective and feasible for clinically diagnosed HCV patients, especially in those with genotype non-1 infection and low baseline viral load.
Adult ; Aged ; Antiviral Agents/*therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus/*genetics ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications/*drug therapy/virology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha/*therapeutic use ; Liver Cirrhosis/*diagnosis/etiology/virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyethylene Glycols/*therapeutic use ; RNA, Viral/blood ; Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Ribavirin/*therapeutic use ; Viral Load

Malignant neoplasm of the fallopian tube is the rarest of the gynecologic cancers. Vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge, and pelvic pain are the most common symptoms. Because of these non-specific symptoms, the diagnosis of this least common neoplasm is rarely made before laparotomy. The tumor is typically unilateral and has histologic subtypes, endometrioid and serous adenocarcinoma being the most common subtypes. Surgery, clearly the mainstay of treatment, is also the first approach to diagnosis. The procedure of choice is total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oopho-rectomy. We had experienced one patient with primary tubal cancer, successfully evaluated with laparoscopy. And then we intend to report the case of the above patient and have a brief discussion about that.
Adenocarcinoma ; Diagnosis ; Fallopian Tube Neoplasms ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Laparoscopy* ; Laparotomy ; Pelvic Pain ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Vaginal Discharge

OBJECTS: To assess risk factors related to the occurrence of rebleeding in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) who had been planned to the early surgery, this study was conducted retrospectively. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the period from January, 1993 to December, 1995, 258 patients with aneurysmal SAH who admitted within 3 days of their SAH and had been planned to early surgery were selected as study population. Ten variables including age, sex, hypertension history, rebleeding before admission, systolic blood pressure on admission, intracerebral or intraventricular hematoma, clinical grade, computed tomographic (CT) grade, admission time after SAH, hemostatic parameter were analyzed by the univariate and multivariate logistic regression method using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS). RESULTS: Of the 258 patients, 25 (9.69%) patients had rebleeding. Admission within 2 hours after SAH (p=0.001), clinical grade IV-V (p=0.015), rebleeding before admission (p=0.000), and intracerebral or intraventricular hematoma (p=0.04) appeared to be associated with a higher risk of rebleeding on the univariate analysis. Particularly, the patients who admitted to hospital within 2 hours after SAH and who are clinical grade IV or V appeared to be more likely to have early rebleeding. Rebleeding before admission was revealed as a independent factor associated with rebleeding on the multivariate logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: The short course use of antifibrinolytics, 3-dimensional CT angiography and endovascular surgery should be considered for the patients with aneurysmal SAH who have rebleeding history before admission, intracerebral or intraventricular hematoma, who admit to hospital within 2 hours after SAH, and who are clinical IV or V to minimize rebleeding in the interval between SAH attack and early surgery.
Aneurysm* ; Angiography ; Antifibrinolytic Agents ; Blood Pressure ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Logistic Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*

BACKGROUND: Electrical breathing pacing has many advantages over mechanical ventilation. However, clinically permanent diaphragmatic pacing has been applied to limited patients and few temporary pacing has been reported. Our purpose is to investigate the feasibility of temporary electrical diaphragm pacing in explothoracotomy canine cases. METHODS: Five dogs were studied under the general anesthesia. Left 5th intercostal space was opened. Self designed temporary pacing leads were placed around the left phrenic nerve and connected to the myostimulator. Chest wall was closed after tube insertion with underwater drainage. Millar catheter was introduced to the aorta and right atrium. Swan-Ganz catheter was introduced to the pulmonary artery. When the self respiration was shallow with deep anesthesia, hemodynamic and tidal volume were measured with the stimulator on. RESULTS: Tidal volume increased from 143.3 +/- 51.3 ml to 272.3 +/- 87.4 ml(p=0.004). Right atrial diastolic pressure decreased from 0.7 +/- 4.0 mmHg to -10.5 +/- 4.7 mmHg(p=0.005). Pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure decreased from 6.1 +/- 2.5 mmHg to 1.2 +/- 4.8 mmHg(p<0.001). The height of water level in chest tube to show intrathoracic pressure change was from 10.3 +/- 6.7cmH2O to 20.0 +/- 5.3 cmH2O. CONCLUSION: Temporary electrical diaphragmatic pacing is a simple method to assist respiration in explothoracotomy canine cases. Self designed pacing lead is implantable and removable. Negative pressure ventilation has favorable effects on the circulatory system. Therefore, clinical application of temporary breathing pacing is feasible in thoracotomy patients to assist cardiorespiratory function.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Aorta ; Blood Pressure ; Catheters ; Chest Tubes ; Diaphragm ; Dogs ; Drainage ; Heart Atria ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Phrenic Nerve ; Pulmonary Artery ; Respiration ; Respiration, Artificial ; Thoracic Wall ; Thoracotomy ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilation ; Water