The purpose of this study is to find the tracking blood pressure in primary school-age children. A follow-up study was conducted from 1986 to 1990 on 330 first grade children attending primary schools in Kangwha County, Kyungki-Do. Basically we employed a linear regression model with random coefficients to figure out the relation between blood pressure changes and initial blood pressure. We obtained the following results; 1. The mean blood pressures were increased grade went up in both sexs and were generally higher in female than male except for the systolic blood pressure at first grade. The size of difference was about 0.8 mmHg in mean systolic blood pressure and 1.5 mmHg in mean diastolic blood pressure. 2. The average annual increasing rates of systolic blood pressure were 2.5 mmHg in male and 3.1 mmHg in female respectively. For the diastolic blood pressure IV the average annual increasing rates were observed to be 3.0 mmHg in male and 2.9 mmHg in female respectively. Increasing rate of systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in female than male. 3. The adjusted regression coefficient of systolic blood pressure change on initial value was -0.11 in male and -0.13 in female and that coefficient of diastolic blood pressure change on initial value was -0.01 in male and -0.11 in female. This result shows that children with higher initial blood pressure do not pick up their blood pressure faster than others with lower initial blood pressure. There is no evidence of tracking of blood pressure in children. It is essential to find the earliest age having the tracking of blood pressure and we leave it for the further study.
Blood Pressure* ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male

Introduction: This study examined the factors related to the amount of blood loss and transfusion after primary total hip arthroplasty. Materials and methods: Sixty THRA patients, who had records of perioperative complete blood counts and transfusion, were enrolled in this study. Age, gender, diagnosis, use of cement, size of an incision, operative time, intraoperative crack, estimated blood loss, use of suction drain and the amount drained were used as possible variables. Results: The decrease in the serum hemoglobin level immediately after and 1 day after surgery was 3.18 and 3.90g/dL respectively. An average of 2.30 units were transfused in 78.3% of cases. The preoperative serum hemoglobin level, the use of a suction drain and the amount drained was related to the total amount of transfusion. Adverse transfusion reactions were found to be associated with the amount of transfusion Discussion: The reduction in the hemoglobin level and total amount of blood transfused showed no relationship with the variances associated with the surgical techniques. The total amount of blood transfused was significantly lower in the groups that had no suction drain. Therefore, a reduction in the volume of intraoperative transfusion and avoiding use of a suction drain can reduce the total amount of blood needed and reduce the adverse reactions of the transfusion.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Blood Cell Count ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Operative Time ; Suction

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Disabled Persons* ; Female ; Humans ; Menarche*

No abstract available.

Authors report the radiologic findings of two cases of multiple bile-duct hamartoma in the liver. Ultrasonography and computed tomography of the liver were performed in two female patients. In one patient, ERCP was performed. Ultrasonography and computed tomography showed scattered multiple hypoechoic and low attenuated lesions, measuring up to 2cm in both lobe and ERCP showed communication of these lesions with the biliary system. Multiple bile-duct hamartoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of multiple small cystic lesions in the liver.
Biliary Tract ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hamartoma* ; Humans ; Liver ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Cystadenoma, Mucinous* ; Mucins* ; Pancreas*

OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the CT findings of the carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater and to differentiate from other periampullary carcinoma including the carcinoma of the distal common bile duct and pancreas head. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the CT findings of 13 cases of the carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater, 20 cases of the carcinoma of the distal common bile duct and 20 cases of the carcinoma of the pancreas head confirmed by pathology. Five millimeter consecutive settings of CT scan were performed in all cases on ampulla level with supine position. The CT findings were retrospectively evaluated in view of common bile duct dilatation, pattern of termination of bile duct, pancreatic duct dilatation, protruding mass in duodenal lumen, and regional lymph node metastasis. RESULTS: All case of the carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater(13/13) and distal common bile duct(20/20) showed common bile duct dilatation with abrupt termination. Among the 10 cases of the carcinoma of the pancreas head with common bile duct dilatation, five cases each had is abrupt termination(5/20) and gradual stenosis of bile duct(5/20). Five cases of the carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater(5/13) and four cases of the carcinoma of distal common bile duct(4/20) showed pancreatic duct dilatation and all cases of the carcinoma of pancreas head show pancreatic duct dialtation(20/20). Twenty cases of the carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater showed protruding mass in the medial wall of the second portion of the duodenum(12/13) but only one case of the carcinoma of the distal common bile duct(I/20) and five cases of the carcinoma of the pancreas head (5/20) had protruding mass in the duodenal lumen. Only one case of the carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater showed(1/13) regional lymph node metastasis but three cases of the carcinoma of the distal common bile duct(3/20) and 18 cases of the carcinoma of the pancreas head(18/20) showed regional lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION: Common bile duct dilatation with abrupt termination, protruding mass in the duodenal lumen and rare lymph node metastasis in CT may suggest the carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.
Ampulla of Vater* ; Bile ; Bile Ducts ; Common Bile Duct ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dilatation ; Head ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Supine Position ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

For the purposes of analyzing the distribution and the change in blood pressure according to age and determining the factors affecting the change in blood pressure, a follow-up study had been conducted for 6 years from 1986 to 1991 for 430 primary school children age 6 years old in 1986 in Kangwha County, Korea. The mean blood pressure increased according to age. Specifically mean systolic blood pressure increased from 97.3 mmHg for male and 96.4mmHg for female(at 6 years of age) to 108.8mmHg for male and 112.1mmHg for female(at 11 years of age). Mean diastolic blood pressure increased from 60.0mmHg for male and 61.8mmHg for female(at 6 years of age) to 72.9mmHg for male 73.8mmHg for female(at 11 years of age). The average annual increase in blood pressure was 2.3mmHg(in systolic blood pressure) and 2.4mmHg(in diastolic blood pressure) for female, respectively. To determine the factors affecting the change in blood pressure, the stepwise regression analysis was conducted. Children were divided into the three groups(low, middle, and upper) according to the level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the age of 6, and the regression analysis was performed in each group. For the change in systolic blood pressure, the changes in weight and skinfold thickness or initial skinfold thickness for male, and the change in weight for female were selected as significant factors for children in middle and upper group. For the change of blood pressure in diastolic blood pressure, no variables was significant.
Blood Pressure* ; Child* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Skinfold Thickness

This review-article is aimed at shedding a light upon the nature of age-associated changes in the human skeletal system. When the anatomical, physiological and biochemical consequences of bone aging are considered together with the hardening, drying and the diminished repair capabilities of the elderly, it can be seen that fractures assume greater importance as a clinical problem in the geriatric population. Older people start out with a deficit of cortical bone, making them more fracture prone and once fractures occur, the necessary treatments (immobilization, use of casts, etc.) accelerate the rate of bone loss. In addition, aged individuals stand a higher risk for complications of the hospital and enforced bed rest that may ensue. The problems resulting from bone loss in the elderly may be partially alleviated by providing adequate health service support which should include consideration of the following points : 1. Age, sex and general health status ; 2. Habits and inclinations towards physical activities ; 3. Nutritional and endocrine background ; 4. Presence of any specific bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteomalacia and ankylosis ; 5. Psychosocial adaptability and other behavioral elements.
Aged ; Aging ; Ankylosis ; Bed Rest ; Biology* ; Bone Diseases ; Health Services ; Humans* ; Motor Activity ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteomalacia ; Osteoporosis