Background/Aims: Pancreatitis is one of the major complications of ERCP. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence rate and risk factors of ERCP- induced pancreatitis. Method: We analysed 99 consecutive patients(45 males and 44 females) undergoing ERCP from March to September, 1994. The level of serum amylase was measured and clinical assessment of pancreatitis was performed before, 24 hour, 48 hour, and 72 hour after ERCP. We defined clidical pancreatitis as combination of elevated amylase level over 2 days with abdomial pain and tenderness.(continue..)
Amylases ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Pancreatitis* ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Hemodynamics* ; Hypertension, Pulmonary*

Additional two cases of Klinefelter's syndrome with a literatural review was presented Two cases were revealed characteristics of Klinefelter's syndrome such as small testes, hyalinization of seminiferous tubules, azoospermia, increased FSH, normal 17-ketogteroid and positive sex chromatin. One case was associated with left inguinal crytorchidism.
Azoospermia ; Hyalin ; Klinefelter Syndrome* ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Sex Chromatin ; Testis

To elucidate the effect of copper on the 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene(3'-MeDAB) induced hepatic carcinogenesis, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups according to 3'-MeDAB and copper administration: I. noraml control, II. copper only, III. 3'-MeDAB only, IV. 3'-MeDAB plus copper. The animals of groups III and IV were fed experimental diet containing 0.06% 3'-MeDAB. Copper was administrated intraperitoneally in a dose of 0.5 mg, twice a weak. Animals were sacrificed at different intervals. Liver weight, hepatic copper content and gross and microscopical changes of the liver were examined and the cell kinetics of various lesions in the hepatic carcinogenesis was studied by applying the immunohistochemical method for bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU). The hepatic copper content was significantly increased in animals given copper but returned to the normal value after cessation of adminstration. 3'-MeDAB administration caused oval cell proliferation and produced hyperplastic nodules, cholangiofibrosis and carcinoma of the liver. Simultaneous administration of copper did not alter the incidence of 3'-MeDAB induced lesions, except for carcinoma. The liver weight and the size of hepatic nodules and masses were smaller in group IV than in group III. The liver weight as well as the nodularity and the mass formation continued to increase affect cessation of 3'-MeDAB administration. Copper did not affect the BrdU labelling indices of the hepatic lesions induced by 3'-MeDAB. The oval cell proliferation and the BrdU labelling indices of the oval cell and the hyperplastic nodule were decreased, but the incidence of cholangiofibrosis and its BrdU labelling index were still elevated after cessation of 3'MeDAB administration. These findings indicate that copper could delay the developement of 3'-MeDAB induced hepatic lesions, but not suppress, since copper does not stay long enough to accumulate in the rat liver, and that copper could not affect the proliferation of 3'-MeDAB induced hepatic lesions once developed.
Rats ; Animals ; Incidence

Evaluation and management of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knee pose several problems. For acute injuries, the essential factors are diagnosis of the ACL rupture and associated injuries, and selection of the appropriate method of the management. Until recently, the frequency of complete disruption of the ACL was though to be less than that of the medial collateral ligament. However, there is little doubt that the ACL is the most frequently torn ligament in the knee. Diagnosis may be made with a combination of tests: Anterior drawer, valgus or varus stress test, Lachman, and pivot shift. If the patients is unable to relax because of pain or fear, examination under the anesthesia should be performed. Treatment can be surgical or nonsurgical. Since the ACL is vital to normal knee function, surgical intervention is advisable in the majority of cases of acute disruption. Authors analyzed the records of 58 cases of acute knee ligament injuried patients treated at the department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kang-Nam St. Marys Hospital, Catholic Medical College and Center, from November 1982 to January 1984, with follow-up range from 6 to 20 months. 1. Among 58 cases, 41(71%) had anterior cruciate ligament injury and 39(67%) had medial collateral ligament injury. 2. The causes of injury were mostly traffic accident (77%) and majority of the patients was in their twenties and thirties of age. 3. Among 41 cases of ACL Injury, 5 had isolated anterior cruciate injury, 27 cases (66%) had associated medial collateral injury, 9 (22%) had associated lateral collateral injury, and 7 (17%) had associated posterior cruciate ligament injury. 4. Meniscal injury was found only in 6 cases (15%); 4 medial and 2 lateral menisci. 5. Majority of anterior cruciate injured patients (71%) had more than 5mm joint openning than normal side in valgus or varus stress radiogram with the knee in extension. 6. In all cases of anterior cruciate ligament injured patients, the Lachman test was positive under the general anesthesia, hut anterior drawer test was positive in 80%. 7. In about 90% of the cases, the anterolateral rotatory instability (ALRI) test was positive and this finding was accentuated when the lateral collateral ligament was torn. 8. Among 41 cases, 16 (39%) had failure at the insertion site, 7 (17%) had tibial spine avulsion, and 9 patients each (22%) had tear at the ligament substance level and had grade II sprain. 9. In twenty-three, primary repair was done, in 9, primary intra-articular recopstruction was performed and 9 were treated conservatively. The result was from fair to excellent almost in all cases.
Accidents, Traffic ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Clinical Study ; Collateral Ligaments ; Diagnosis ; Exercise Test ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; Ligaments ; Menisci, Tibial ; Methods ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Rupture ; Spine ; Sprains and Strains ; Tears

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: After introducing transabdominal approach of cervical cerclage since 1965, several authors have reported significant increases in fetal survival rate. However, this procedure has not been widely used because its complexity of procedure and serious complications. Furthermore, there is a dilemma on the strength of the cerclage bands knots. Yet, there is no standard guidance in this approach. The purpose of this study was to suggest degree of adequate tension on the knot when tying the cerclage band on the cervico-isthmic junction during post-conceptional transabdominal cerclage and to assess whether the strength of the band is associated with uterine blood flow or pregnancy outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Sixty-five transabdominal cervico-isthmic cerclages during pregnancy were performed for 7 years since 1989 in patients of incompetent cervix who could not be taken transvaginal cerclage. The procedures were performed with our own technique, modified technique from original Novys procedure. The cerclage used a 5mm-Mersilene band and knot was placed on the anterior side. Pre- and post-operative uterine blood flow were evaluated with Doppler velocimetry. After cesarean section at term, cerclage bands were removed and collected for measurement of bands length if they do not want further pregnancies. The relationships between strength of cerclage, length of band and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated. The effects of the bands length on the uterine blood flow were also analyzed. RESULTS: To date there have been 56 completed pregnancies in 50 patients. Among these, 21 cerclage bands were removed and collected for measurement of bands length. All pregnancies (27 pregnancies from 21 patients) were successful; the average gestational age at delivery was 38.4 weeks (range: 37-43) and mean birth weight was 3178gm (range:2670-4370). Average length of cerclage bands was 7.01cm(range:5.0-9.4), thus diameter of cerclage bands was calculated as 2.2cm. Statistically, significant positive correlation was found between the bands' length and birth weights (r=0.614, p=0.002). There were no differences between pre- and post-operative uterine blood flow regardless of cerclage bands length. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest 7cm is adequate bands length when performing transabdominal cerclage during pregnancy. Uterine blood flow was not influenced by operation. It was interesting that bands length was correlated with birth weight. It seems that tightened cerclage might preclude the adequate formation of lower uterine segment during pregnancy. Recently we use the specific Mersilene bands after marking of each centimeter interval on it, and bands are tied with 7cm in length for adequate strength of the cerclage. We propose this result also could be used when performing the pre-conceptional transabdominal cerclage.
Birth Weight ; Cerclage, Cervical ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Pregnancy Outcome* ; Pregnancy* ; Rheology ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Cervical Incompetence

A case of generalized primary amyloidosis with a reveiw of the literatures is reported. The 38 year old patient suffered from malabsorption syndrome for a year and was presented chronic renal failure with renal enlargment, myxedema and hemorrhagic gastritis. Biopsy of kidney and stomach revealed characteristic findings of amyloidosis by congo red stain and electronmicroscopy.
Adult ; Amyloidosis* ; Biopsy ; Congo Red ; Gastritis ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Malabsorption Syndromes* ; Myxedema ; Stomach

No abstract available.
Lymphadenitis*

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Humans ; Korea*

This study was carried out to analyse the economic feasibility of EPR. A hospital with 500 beds under the construction was selected for this study. The economic effect was performed with cost-benefit analysis for 5 years from the year 1998 to 2002. The results of this study were as follows; The economic effect of EPR was classified into direct benefit, value acceleration, and value linking. Each factor was applied and analyzed step by step. In the analysis including only direct benefit, the net present value and the ratio of benefit to cost were minus 82,920,000 won and 0.8. With this traditional cost-benefit analysis alone, the EPR in hospital can be regarded as very unprofitable. However, when value acceleration was added, the net present value and the ratio of benefit to cost rose to 748,637,000 won and 2.7 respectively. Moreover, when value linking was added, the net present value and the ratio of benefit to cost were 1,473,162,000 won and 4.3, respectively. In the results of this study, as EPR has only direct benefit, EPR can be regarded as unprofitable project. However, when value acceleration and value linking were added, EPR can be profitable project.
Acceleration ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Humans