The purpose of this study is to find the tracking blood pressure in primary school-age children. A follow-up study was conducted from 1986 to 1990 on 330 first grade children attending primary schools in Kangwha County, Kyungki-Do. Basically we employed a linear regression model with random coefficients to figure out the relation between blood pressure changes and initial blood pressure. We obtained the following results; 1. The mean blood pressures were increased grade went up in both sexs and were generally higher in female than male except for the systolic blood pressure at first grade. The size of difference was about 0.8 mmHg in mean systolic blood pressure and 1.5 mmHg in mean diastolic blood pressure. 2. The average annual increasing rates of systolic blood pressure were 2.5 mmHg in male and 3.1 mmHg in female respectively. For the diastolic blood pressure IV the average annual increasing rates were observed to be 3.0 mmHg in male and 2.9 mmHg in female respectively. Increasing rate of systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in female than male. 3. The adjusted regression coefficient of systolic blood pressure change on initial value was -0.11 in male and -0.13 in female and that coefficient of diastolic blood pressure change on initial value was -0.01 in male and -0.11 in female. This result shows that children with higher initial blood pressure do not pick up their blood pressure faster than others with lower initial blood pressure. There is no evidence of tracking of blood pressure in children. It is essential to find the earliest age having the tracking of blood pressure and we leave it for the further study.
Blood Pressure* ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male

PURPOSE: The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the impact of workplace bullying and LMX (Leader-Member Exchange) on turnover intention among nurses. METHODS: The participants were 364 nurses from the Seoul metropolitan area who were attending a continuing education program. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data were analyzed using the SPSS/Window program. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to verify the effect of variables on turnover intention. RESULTS: Higher workplace bullying was associated with higher turnover intention. Workplace bullying was negatively correlated with leader-member exchange. The most influential factors for turnover intention were LMX (beta=-7.22, p<.001), work load (beta=2.96, p=.003), and workplace bullying (beta=2.64, p=.009). These factors accounted for 28% of the variance in turnover intention. CONCLUSION: The study results indicate that there is need to develop strategies to prevent workplace bullying and cultivate a good relationship between nursing managers and nurses to lower nurses' turnover intention.
Bullying* ; Data Collection ; Education, Continuing ; Intention* ; Leadership ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Regression Analysis ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Tibia*

No abstract available.
Calcaneus* ; Osteomyelitis*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of subconjunctival bevacizumab injection before conjunctival autograft for pterygium. METHODS: Twenty-five eyes (25 patients) with pterygium received a subconjunctival injection of 2.5 mg (0.1 mL) bevacizumab 1-2 weeks prior to conjunctival autograft surgery. The control group (25 eyes of 25 patients) received the same operation. Two weeks, 1 month and every month after the surgery, the vascularization of surgical site, the recurrence rate and the effect of wound healing were analyzed. RESULTS: The bevacizumab group showed a decreased conjunctival vascularity grade compared with the control group based on light microscopy. The bevacizumab group also showed lower vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) compared with the control group using immunohistochemical analysis and western blot. There was no recurrence in both groups, but, persistent autograft edema was observed at 8 weeks postoperatively in the bevacizumab group. CONCLUSIONS: Although preoperative injection of bevacizumab effectively reduced vascularity and VEGF concentration of pterygium tissue, prolonged autograft edema was observed. Based on these results, bevacizumab inhibits lymphangiogenesis as well as angiogenesis. Therefore, delayed wound healing should be considered when subconjunctival bevacizumab injection is administered before pterygium surgery.
Autografts* ; Blotting, Western ; Edema ; Lymphangiogenesis ; Microscopy ; Pterygium* ; Recurrence ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Wound Healing ; Bevacizumab

Post-traumatic fat embolism was first reported by Zenker in 1862, Von Bergmann reported the first clinical diagnosis of the fat embolism syndrome in 1873. Fat embolism has been associated with traumatic or non-traumatic disorders. Fat embolization after long bone trauma is probably common as a subclinical event. The diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome is based on the patient's history, is supported by clinical signs of pulmonary, cerebral, and cutaneous dysfunction, and is confirmed by the demonstration of arterial hypoxemia in the abscence of other disorders. Two different mechanisms cause fat to embolize: direct entry of deposit fat into the blood stream and agglutination of endogenous or exogenous plasma fat. MRI can detect a cerebral fat embolism with a higher sensitivity than cerebral CT. We report a case of post-traumatic cerebral fat embolism without pulmonary involvement, and we present a review of the literature. A 16-year girl had a traffic accident and pelvic bone fracture. Forty eight hours later severe trauma become stuporous without a focal neurological deficit. The patient received supportive therapy, and her condition improved throughout her hospital course. She was discharged with good condition after a 30-day hospital stay.
Accidents, Traffic ; Agglutination ; Anoxia ; Diagnosis ; Embolism, Fat* ; Female ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pelvic Bones ; Plasma ; Rivers ; Stupor

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical outcomes between refractive-type multifocal intraocular lenses (IOL) (Lentis Mplus(R) LS 313, Oculentis GmbH., Berlin, Germany) and diffractive-type multifocal IOL (Acrysof Restor(R); SN6AD1, Alcon Lab., Fort Worth, TX, USA) with same near added. METHODS: We evaluated 30 eyes implanted with Lentis Mplus(R) IOL and 33 eyes implanted with Acrysof Restor(R) IOL after phacoemulsification. The distant, intermediate, and near uncorrected visual acuities of the 2 groups were evaluated at 2 weeks and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Optical quality obtained using the Optical Quality Analysis System II (OQAS II(R), Visiometrics, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain), higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and patient satisfaction questionnaire of the 2 groups were evaluated at 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The visual acuity of intermediate 100 cm was statistically better in the Lentis Mplus(R) group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups with distant, intermediate 63 cm, and near vision. At the 3-month postoperative follow-up, objective scatter index, modulation transfer function (MTF) cutoff value, and pseudo-accommodation range measured by OQAS II(R) showed no differences between the 2 groups, but Strhel ratio was higher in the Acrysof Restor(R) group. HOAs of 5 mm and 6 mm increased significantly in the Lentis Mplus(R) group. No significant differences were found in the patient satisfaction questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: Both refractive and diffractive-type multifocal IOL implantation in patients with cataracts and presbyopia offered good and comparable visual acuity at distance and near. However, the Lentis Mplus(R) IOL provided better intermediate vision than the Acrysof Restor(R) IOL.
Berlin ; Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Patient Satisfaction ; Phacoemulsification ; Presbyopia ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Visual Acuity

This study was conducted to study the changes of cell surface carbohydrates during transdifferentiation of retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)cells. RPE cells were cultured from adult pig eyes. Surface carbohydrates of RPE cells from 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th passages were assayed by lectin histochemistry and enzyme immunoassay. Changes in binding affinities to the lectins employed were demonsrated during trasdifferentiation of RPE cell. Whereas binding affinities of ConA, ECL, PNA, WGA, and UEA-I decreased graudally as the number of culture passage increased, binding properties to LCA, STL and DBA fluctuated depending on the number of passages. The results demonstrate changes of surface carbohydrates of RPE cell during trasdifferentiation. We suggest that changes of surface carbohydrates of RPE cell during trasdifferentiation may be close relations with the functional changes during transdifferentiation.
Adult ; Carbohydrates ; Epithelial Cells* ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Lectins ; Retinaldehyde*

It has been thought for many years that gastric adenocarcinoma almost never crosses the pylorus. Rokitanski in 1861 made the classic statement that the pyloric served as a barrier to duodenal dissemination of gastric cancer. Although this theory was generally accepted, but direct spread of gastric carcinoma into the duodenum has been reported, most recently in 1965. We report two recent cases of gastric cancer spreading into the duodenum and review the literature.
Adenocarcinoma ; Duodenum* ; Pylorus ; Stomach Neoplasms

Human papillomavirus(HPV) has been implicated in the development of uterine cervical cancer. Detectioe of the small amounts of HPV DNA in cervical cells has been very difficult. The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) is a new technique that can specifically amplify target DNA to facilitate its detectiion. PCR technique wes used to detect HPV types 16 and 18 in cervical specimeas obtained from nnormal cervix(20 cases), dysplasia(25 cses), carcinoma in situ(21 cases), microinvasive cancer(ll cases), and invasive cancer(46 cases). And then, case of invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix were analyzed to determine that the presence of specific human papillomavirus DNA in the neoplasm was a contributing factor to their outcome. The detection rate of HPV 16 DNA in normnal cervix, dysplasia, ClS, microinvasive cancer, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma were 50.0%, 36.0%, 81.0%, 45.5%, and 58.7%, respectively. The detection rate of HPV 18 DNA in normal cervix, dysplasia, CIS, microinvasive cancer, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma were 0.0%, 8,0%, 4.8%, 0.0%, and 19.6%, respectively. of the factors evaluated in invasive cervical cancer, adenocarcinomatous component(p= 0.004) and tumor grade(p=0.015) were found to be correlated with HPV l8 infection. 5 of 8 women whose tumors contained glandular elements had HPV 18 DNA, whereas only 4 of 38 women whose tumors contained only squamous elements showed this infection. 6 of 9 women of HPV l8 infected tumors were grade 3 tumors as compared to only 7 of 28 of HPV 16 infected tumors. Age at diagnosis and nodal status in relation to HPV type 18 exhibited a trend but were not statisitically significant. These observations suggest that HPV type 18 may be associated with a more aggressive form of cervical cancer than HPV type 16.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervix Uteri ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*