No abstract available.
Lymphadenitis*

BACKGROUND: Although renal transplantation is known as the best treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease, there are few of literature to identify economic evaluation of renal replacement therapies in Korea. This study was conducted to determine the cost-effectiveness of renal replacement treatments, particularly renal transplantation and hemodialysis. METHODS: We used the quality adjusted life year (QALY) calculated from survey data, which was collected from 124 patients who underwent kidney transplantation and 90 patients who were receiving hemodialysis. Medical costs were collected from five hospitals in Korea. The ERA-EDTA registry data (European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association) were used for transition probability. A Markov model was used for predicting the cost-utility of transplantation and hemodialysis over the 10-year period. RESULTS: Renal transplantation offers lower cost and better outcome compared to hemodialysis. QALY per year of transplantation patients is higher than that of hemodialysis patients (transplantation 0.9465 vs. hemodialysis 0.8297). Cost per QALY gained is 15,566,000 won in transplantation patients whereas 32,765,000 won per QALY gained in hemodialysis patients was required. CONCLUSIONS: Although cost of first year after transplantation was expensive, over 2 years, transplantation was more effective and less costly than hemodialysis. The results suggest that transplantation is more cost-effective than hemodialysis in Korea.
Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Dialysis ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Korea ; Quality of Life* ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Renal Dialysis* ; Renal Replacement Therapy

In March 2014, a kohlrabi stem rot sample was collected from the cold storage room of Daegwallyong Horticultural Cooperative, Korea. White and fuzzy mycelial growth was observed on the stem, symptomatic of stem rot disease. The pathogen was isolated from the infected stem and cultured on potato dextrose agar for further fungal morphological observation and to confirm its pathogenicity, according to Koch's postulates. Morphological data, pathogenicity test results, and rDNA sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS 1 and 4) showed that the postharvest stem rot of kohlrabi was caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. This is the first report of postharvest stem rot of kohlrabi in Korea.
Agar ; Ascomycota* ; DNA, Ribosomal ; Glucose ; Korea ; Solanum tuberosum ; Virulence

Clinical Endoscopy (CE) is an official open access journal published bimonthly by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE, http://www.gie.or.kr) and is listed on PMC, PubMed and SCOPUS. The KSGE was established on August 14, 1976, and the journal of the KSGE was published in Korean for the first time in November 1981. The journal was then titled the "Korean Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy" and was published in Korean untill the July 2011 issue. The journal was published in English from the September 2011 issue under the official title of CE. In this review, the past and present of CE are discussed and future perspectives are introduced. In addition, the efforts to progress to a "first come, first served journal" in the field of gastrointestinal endoscopy and to be indexed in Science Citation Index will be described.
Endoscopy* ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal*

In this July issue of Clinical Endoscopy, state-of-the-art articles selected from the lectures delivered during the 52nd Seminar of the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE) on March 29, 2015 are covered, focusing on highlighted educational contents relevant to either diagnostic or therapeutic gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Our society, the KSGE, has continued to host this opportunity for annual seminars twice a year over the last 26 years and it has become a large-scale prestigious seminar accommodating over 4,000 participants. Definitely, the KSGE seminar is considered as one of the premier state-of-the-art seminars dealing with GI endoscopy, appealing to both the beginner and advanced experts. Lectures, live demonstrations, hands-on courses, as well as an editor school, which was an important consensus meeting on how to upgrade our society journal, Clinical Endoscopy, to a Science Citation Index (Expanded) designation were included in this seminar. The 52nd KSGE seminar consisted of more than 20 sessions, including special lectures, concurrent sessions for GI endoscopy nurses, and sessions exploring new technologies. This is a very special omnibus article to highlight the core contents divided into four sessions: upper GI tract, lower GI tract, pancreatobiliary system, and other specialized sessions.
Consensus ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal* ; Humans ; Lectures ; Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

BACKGROUND: Induced hypertension has long been considered a potential adjunct to the management of focal cerebral ischemia. Whether induced hypertension causes an increase in cerebral blood flow(CBF), dependent on cerebral perfusion and/or an intracerebral redistribution of CBF by a vasoconstrictive effect of vasoconstrictor is controversial. In this study, effect of phenylephrine induced hypertension on the cerebral hemodynamics and mechanism of reduced ischemic area were studied. METHODS: Six mongrel dogs weighing between 13 and 18 kg were anesthetized with halothane 0.5 vo1%-N2O 1 L/min-O2 1 L/min. Ventilation was controlled to maintain PaCO2 within 35~40 mmHg. Cerebral blood flow was measured and calculated by the posterior sagittal sinus outflow method. Cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen(CMRO2) was calculated. Intracranial pressure(ICP) was also measured. Phenylephrine was infused to increase mean arterial blood pressure(MAP) to a level 30% above baseline value and MAP was held constant for 20 minutes before CBF, ICP, CMRO2 determination. These parameters were measured at 10, 20 minutes after induced hypertension. RESULTS: Induced hypertension resulted in increased MAP and decreased heart rate. There were no differences between baseline, hypertension 10 min, and hypertension 20 min in terms of PaCO2, PaO2, hematocrit and temperature. CBF was not changed after induced hypertension(39.1+/-9.7 vs 40+/-10 vs 40.2+/-10.1 ml 100g(-1) min(-1) (meanv+/-SD) at baseline, hypertension 10 min, hypertension 20 min, respectively). Cerebral metabolic rate was not changed also after induced hypertension. ICP increased after induced hypertension significantly(20.5+/-12.5 vs 26+/-15.3 vs 29.8+/-17 mmHg at baseline, hypertension 10 min, 20 min, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Phenylephrine is a cerebral vasoconstrictor and that causes redistribution of cerebral blood flow to ischemic brain area.
Animals ; Brain ; Brain Ischemia ; Dogs* ; Halothane ; Heart Rate ; Hematocrit ; Hemodynamics* ; Hypertension* ; Perfusion ; Phenylephrine* ; Ventilation

PURPOSE: We evaluated the effects of anthropometric and serological parameters on serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in Korean men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 92,891 healthy Korean men who visited our health promotion center for a general health checkup. The mean age of the participants was 42.6 years (range, 20-77 years). Exclusion criteria were a serum PSA level over 4.0 ng/dl or pyuria on urinalysis (>5 white blood cells/high power field). All participants were evaluated for several anthropometric factors (height, weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index [BMI], body surface area [BSA], fat mass, body fat percentage, and lean body mass) and for serologic parameters including components of the metabolic syndrome (fasting blood sugar, triglyceride [TG], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) biochemically. We analyzed the relationship between serum PSA levels and the various anthropometric and serologic parameters. RESULTS: In the univariate analysis, serum PSA levels were significantly positively correlated with age and with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol after adjustment for age. On the other hand, serum PSA levels were negatively correlated with height, weight, BMI, BSA, fat mass, body fat percentage, lean body mass, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and TG. In the multivariate analysis, age and LDL-cholesterol had positive correlations with serum PSA levels, but BMI, BSA, fat mass, lean body mass, and TG were negatively correlated with PSA levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the serum PSA level is significantly influenced by age, the components of metabolic syndrome (BMI, TG), and serologic parameters such as LDL-cholesterol. The normal range of serum PSA should be considered in association with metabolic syndrome and anthropometric factors as well as age.
Adipose Tissue ; Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Body Surface Area ; Cholesterol ; Hand ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Pyuria ; Reference Values ; Urinalysis

The July issue of Clinical Endoscopy deals with selected articles covering the state-of-the-art lectures delivered during the 50th seminar of the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE) on March 30, 2014, highlighting educational contents pertaining to either diagnostic or therapeutic gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, which contain fundamental and essential points in GI endoscopy. KSGE is very proud of its seminar, which has been presented twice a year for the last 25 years, and hosted more than 3,500 participants at the current meeting. KSGE seminar is positioned as one of premier state-of-the-art seminars for endoscopy, covering topics for novice endoscopists and advanced experts, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy. The 50th KSGE seminar consists of more than 20 sessions, including a single special lecture, concurrent sessions for GI endoscopy nurses, and sessions exploring new technologies. Nine articles were selected from these prestigious lectures, and invited for publication in this special issue. This introductory review, prepared by the editors of Clinical Endoscopy, highlights core contents divided into four sessions: upper GI tract, lower GI tract, pancreatobiliary system, and other specialized topic sessions, including live demonstrations and hands-on courses.
Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal* ; Lectures ; Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ; Publications ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Rapid advances in the technology of gastrointestinal endoscopy as well as the evolution of science have made it necessary for us to continue update in either various endoscopic techniques or state of art lectures relevant to endoscopy. International Digestive Endoscopy Network (IDEN) 2013 was held in conjunction with Korea-Japan Joint Symposium on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KJSGE) during June 8 to 9, 2013 at Seoul, Korea. Two days of impressive scientific program dealt with a wide variety of basic concerns from upper gastrointestine (GI), lower GI, pancreaticobiliary endoscopy to advanced knowledge including endoscopic submucosal dissection forum. IDEN seems to be an excellent opportunity to exchange advanced information of the latest issues on endoscopy with experts from around the world. In this special issue of Clinical Endoscopy, we prepared state of art review articles from contributing authors and the current highlights will skillfully deal with very hot spots of each KJSGE, upper GI, lower GI, and pancreaticobiliary sessions by associated editors of Clinical Endoscopy.
Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Joints ; Korea ; Lectures

This special September issue of Clinical Endoscopy will discuss various aspects of diagnostic and therapeutic advancement of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, explaining what is new in digestive endoscopy and why international network should be organized. We proposed an integrated model of international conference based on the putative occurrence of Digestive Endoscopy Networks. In International Digestive Endoscopy Network (IDEN) 2012, role of endoscopy in gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus, endoscopy beyond submucosa, endoscopic treatment for stricture and leakage in upper GI, how to estimate the invasion depth of early GI cancers, colonoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a look into the bowel beyond colon in IBD, management of complications in therapeutic colonoscopy, revival of endoscopic papllirary balloon dilation, evaluation and tissue acquisition for indeterminate biliopancreatic stricture, updates in the evaluation of pancreatic cystic lesions, issues for tailored endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), endoluminal stents, management of upper GI bleeding, endoscopic management of frustrating situations, small bowel exploration, colorectal ESD, valuable tips for frustrating situations in colonoscopy, choosing the right stents for endoscopic stenting of biliary strictures, advanced techniques for pancreaticobiliary visualization, endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliopancreatic drainage, and how we can overcome the obstacles were deeply touched. We hope that IDEN 2012, as the very prestigious endoscopy networks, served as an opportunity to gain some clues for further understanding of endoscopic technologies and to enhance up-and-coming knowledge and their clinical implications from selected 25 peer reviewed articles and 112 invited lectures.
Barrett Esophagus ; Colon ; Colonoscopy ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Drainage ; Endoscopy ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Hemorrhage ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Lectures ; Pancreatic Cyst ; Peer Review ; Stents