No abstract available.
Animals ; Coal* ; Dust* ; Lung* ; Rats* ; Silicon Dioxide*

BACKGROUND: Pain is one of the most common presenting complaints in the emergency department(ED) and adequate analgesia for painful conditions is an important goal of emergency medical practice. This study was designed to investigate on the actual condition regarding the use of analgesic injections for traumatized patients in the field of ED and to reconsider the concern and methods of pain management in the future. METHOD: We carried out a prospective, noninterventional observational clinical study of adult patients presenting with acute trauma in the ED. Using a numeric rating scale ranging from 0 to 10, patients quantified their pain intensity on arriving at the ED and on one hour after analgesic administrations in the cases of analgesic use or after initial Assessment in the cases of no analgesic use. They also were interviewed about the level of their satisfaction to pain relief before leaving the ED. RESULTS: Seventy eight percent of all patient received analgesic injections(nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; 62%, opioids; 16%) and the remaining 22 patients(22%) were treated without analgesics. At the time of secondary assessment to pain, initial pain score in the cases of analgesic administration decreased. Patients who are beyond fair in the level of satisfaction were recorded for only 18% of all patient even though 78% of patients received analgesic injections. CONCLUSION: Our data illustrate that the patient of trauma commonly receive analgesic injections in the ED but their levels of satisfaction are under fair. This finding suggests that the concern and methods of pain management have to be reconsidered through the understanding of analgesic pharmacology and pattern of pain relief by analgesics.
Adult ; Analgesia ; Analgesics ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans ; Pain Management* ; Pharmacology ; Prospective Studies

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

BACKGROUND: Victims of trauma in the emergency room(ER) suffer from kinds of discomforts derived from their physical injury and psychological instability. Although discomforts may be varied by the patient's characteristics and environmental factors such as medical personnel or facilities in ER, an active control for the discomfort should be required because it may affect an outcome of treatment and prognosis of illness. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distressing factors which traumatized patients have been experienced in the ER and to improve the management of trauma patients in the future. METHODS: From January 1, 1996 to June 30, 1996, we tried to interview patients about the painful experiences in ER before the decision of his or her discharge from ER. We analyzed the data on age, sex, religion, educational level, injury severity score(ISS), the most unpleasant experience, sleep deprivation, and friar for death. RESULTS: The 126 patients were enrolled in this study. The patients consisted of 93 male and 33 female, their mean age was 45 years old and mean ISS was 7.86. About seventy one percent of the patients complained unpleasant experiences during the stay in the ER. Of these, pain at the injury sites was the most frequent complaint (66.7%). The sleep deprivation was showed about sixty percent of the total patient and the most common cause of this was also due to pain(40%). Nineteen percent of the patients answered that they have felt the fear for death. There were statistically significant differences in degree of the ISS whether the fear for death and unpleasant experience were or not. When the patients demarked with whether the presence of pain, the occurrence of sleep deprivation, and fear for death were statistically related to the pain. However, the data was denoted no direct relationship with pain according to sex, educational level, or religion. CONCLUSION: The trauma patient admitted to ER suffered from various stressful conditions including not only their physical injury but care personnel or unstable environmental factors in ER. Therefore, emergency medical personnel has to understand some possible distresses of the patients and need to reduce them to provide more careful and proper managements.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Sleep Deprivation

No abstract available.
Ammonia* ; Pulmonary Fibrosis*

No abstract available.
Head and Neck Neoplasms* ; Head* ; Incidence* ; Neck* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

Authors examined 40,000 minifilms(boys and girls each 10,000 in junior and senior high schools) which were taken for survey of pulmonary tuberculosis for junior and senior high school students and checked the prevalence of scoliosis. It was considered lateral curvature of spine more than 10 degrees as nonpostural scoliosis, which were analyzed prevalence rate, degree of curvature, distribution of size of curvature, pattern of curve and direction of curvature. Following results were obtained. 1. The overall prevalence rate was 1.56; male 1.38. and female 1.70%(Junior high school 1.06%, Senior high school 2.05%). 2. Scoliosis secondary due to bony abnormality was found in 5 cases. 3. The most common pattern of curvature was the thoracic curve. 4. In sihgle curve, right to left ratio was 1.7, especially senior high school girls had more right curve and junior high school boys had more left curve. 5. The prevalence of senior high school students was greater than that of junior high school students and the degree of curvature was also severe in senior high school students than in junior high school students.
Busan ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Prevalence ; Scoliosis ; Spine ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats*

In order to observe the changes in left ventricular function during coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion, left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries in the anesthetized dogs were occluded for 1 hour and then reperfused for 4 hours. Hemodynamic indexes of global systolic and diastolic function and regional wall thickness changes as a regional contractile index were measured during occlusion and reperfusion. The results were as follows; 1) Indexes of global systolic function (left ventricular peak systolic pressure, peak positive dP/dt) and global diastolic function (peak negative dP/dt, time constant, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure) showed deterioration in early occlusion period (10-30 minutes) but gradually improved even if coronary occlusion persisted. Reperfusion did not induce significant changes except that peak positive dP/dt transiently deteriorated 30 minutes after reperfusion and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreased 1.5-2 hours after reperfusion. 2) Indexed of regional function (i.e, end-diastolic thickness and % systolic thickening of anterior left ventricular wall) deteriorated by 10 minutes' occlusion which persisted during the entire occlusion period. Reperfusion induced no significant improvement in regional contractile function compared with occlusion 60 minutes' data, which suggested reperfusion for 4 hours after 1 hour's LAD occlusion may be insufficient for the ischemic region to recover its contractility. 3) Reperfusion arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia) was noted in most (6/9) of the dogs, one of which deteriorated into ventricular fibrillation and the others spontaneously converted to normal sinus rhythm.
Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Pressure ; Coronary Occlusion ; Coronary Vessels* ; Dogs ; Hemodynamics ; Reperfusion* ; Ventricular Fibrillation ; Ventricular Function, Left*

A previous animal study has shown the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) and its non-erythropoietic carbamylated derivative (CEPO) on neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. In the present study, we sought to investigate the effect of EPO on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and to compare the ability of EPO and CEPO promoting dendrite elongation in cultured hippocampal neural progenitor cells. Two-month-old male BALB/c mice were given daily injections of EPO (5 U/g) for seven days and were sacrificed 12 hours after the final injection. Proliferation assays demonstrated that EPO treatment increased the density of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled cells in the subgranular zone (SGZ) compared to that in vehicle-treated controls. Functional differentiation studies using dissociated hippocampal cultures revealed that EPO treatment also increased the number of double-labeled BrdU/microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) neurons compared to those in vehicle-treated controls. Both EPO and CEPO treatment significantly increased the length of neurites and spine density in MAP2(+) cells. In summary, these results provide evidences that EPO and CEPO promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation. These suggest that EPO and CEPO could be a good candidate for treating neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety associated with neuronal atrophy and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis.
Adult ; Animals ; Anxiety ; Atrophy ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Dendrites ; Dentate Gyrus ; Depression ; Erythropoietin ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Neurites ; Neurogenesis ; Neurons ; Spine ; Stem Cells