PURPOSE: Chronic prostatitis is a common diagnosis, and the morbidity of this disease results from a constellation of genitourinary symptoms. We surveyed a population of 19 year old Korean men using National I nstitutes of Health Chronic Protatitis symptom Index, evaluated symptomatology associated with chronic prostatitis and gathered epidemiologic data about this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During May 2000, a total of 4339 male residents in the area of Chung-nam including Taejeon city visited the Military Manpower Administered questionnaire. and the impact of symptoms on quality of life. the results were analyzed statistically by PC-SPSS version 7.5. RESULTS: There were statistically significant correlations among every item and domain, respectively by Pearson's correlation analysis (p=0.00). Pain domain significantly contributed to predicting quality of life domain and explained 42% of the variance on quality of life domain (r=0.65,p=0.00). The change in the amount of explained variance was significant when entering urinary symptoms domain (r(2)change=0.19,p=0.00). Overall pain and urinary symptoms domain predicted 61% of the variance in quality of life domain (r=0.78,p=0.00). If a score of 6 in quality of life domain was determined to the cut-off score of the chronic prostatitis, the prevalence of the chronic prostatitis was 3.8%. CONCLUSIONS: the National Institutes of Health chronic prostatitis and pain and urinary symptoms significantly contribute towards explaining variances in quality of life. although there data show much less common prevalence than most nonpopulation studies suggest, we suggest that chronic prostatitis is a common disease in Korean men if one consider that our data were surveyed in only 19 year old men.
Daejeon* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Military Personnel ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Prevalence ; Prostatitis* ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Although causative factors are not completely defined, carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer is attributed to multiple genetic alterations. The abnormal expressions of oncogenes are regarded to be responsible for the production of malignant phenotype, subsequent invasion and metastasis. From 63 surgically resectable colorectal adenocarcinoma patients, expression of oncogenes in colorectal cancer tissue was evaluated with immunohistochemical staining methods using monoclonal antibodies to products of the oncogenes. To evaluate the possibility of oncogenes as a prognostic factor, we studied the relationship between the expression of oncogenes and the clinicopathologic findings which are well known prognostic factors. Rates of expression in colorectal cancer tissue were 27% for c-myc, 74.6% for c-Ha-ras and 77.8% for c-erbB-2 oncogenes. The positive rate of c-erbB-2 oncogene was higher in the well differentiated group than in the poorly differentiated group. The rates of expression of c-myc and c-Ha-ras oncogenes were significantly correlated each other. Expression of these oncogenes in colorectal cancer were not correlated with the pathologic stage, location of cancer, DNA ploidy pattern and histologic differentiation except between c-erbB-2 and histologic differentiation. In conclusion, there seems to be a possibility that c-erbB-2 could be used as a prognostic factor of colorectal cancer. However, further and more intensive study seems to be required.
Adenocarcinoma ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carcinogenesis ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; DNA ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Oncogenes* ; Phenotype ; Ploidies

No abstract available.
Neuroendocrine Cells* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia*

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether radial rigidity measured using RigiScan(R) represents the intracorporeal pressure effectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1998 to May 1999, total of 23 patients with erectile dysfunction were evaluated by RigiScan(R) and duplex ultrasonography after the intracorporeal injection of prostaglandin E1. Peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity were measured by duplex ultrasonography and then the resistance index was calculated as (peak systolic velocity-end diastolic velocity)/(peak systolic velocity). Radial rigidity of penile tip and base was measured by RigiScanR . The results were analyzed statistically by PC-SPSS version 7.5. RESULTS: There were statistically significant correlations between radial rigidity of penile tip and base and the resistance index by Spearman's correlation analysis, respectively (r=0.680, p<0.001)(r=0.703, p<0.001). When radial rigidity of penile tip and base exceeded 60% of maximum, radial rigidity of penile tip and base again correlated well with the resistance index, respectively (r=0.659, p=0.020)(r=0.759, p=0.011). Based on clinically determined degree of erection, radial rigidity of penile tip and base represented the intracorporeal pressure effectively. CONCLUSIONS: Radial rigidity measured by RigiScan(R) represents the intracorporeal pressure effectively.
Alprostadil* ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Male ; Ultrasonography

In Asia, mammography following the injection of foreign materials into the breasts for cosmetic augmentation is frequently seen and diagnosis based on the typical radiologic findings is straightforward. We report the unusual radiologic findings in two patients with foreign body granulomas caused by injected foreign materials and discovered incidentally during screening work up. The mammographic findings were bilateral, hyperdense, spiculated masses, with occasional microcalcification, and at sonography, markedly hypoechoic, spiculated solid masses, located near the pectoralis muscle and partly extending into it, were observed. These radiologic findings mimicked malignancy.
Breast Neoplasms/radiography ; Case Report ; Cholesterol ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Esthetics ; Female ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/etiology/*radiography/*ultrasonography ; Human ; Injections/adverse effects ; Mammography ; Middle Age ; Paraffin

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of non-pharmacological interventions for preoperative anxiety in surgical patient. METHODS: The search included the following: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, CINAHL EMBASE, and Korean electronic databases (2000 to November 2018). Risk of bias in randomized studies was assessed using the Cochrane's Risk of Bias (RoB) tool for randomized studies and for non-randomized studies, the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized studies (RoBANS) was used. To estimate the effect size, meta-analysis of the studies was performed using the R program (version 3.5.1). RESULTS: Nineteen trials were included (1,685 participants). The non-pharmacological interventions for preoperative anxiety in surgical patient were music intervention, aromatherapy, and patient education. Specifically, the twelve studies showing the effect of music intervention on anxiety were heterogeneous (χ²=23.42, p=.05, I²=40%). The effect size was −0.77 (95% CI:−0.93, −0.60). The four studies showing the effect of aromatherapy on anxiety were heterogeneous (χ²=8.95, p=.03, I²=66%). The effect size was −0.83 (95% CI: −1.30, −0.36). The three studies measuring the effect of patient education on anxiety identified as homogeneous (χ²=1.95, p=.38, I²=0%). The effect size was −2.85 (95% CI: −5.00, −0.71). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that non-pharmacological interventions including music intervention, aromatherapy and patient education may have a beneficial effect on preoperative anxiety. Therefore, the findings of this study provide evidence to incorporate various non-pharmacological interventions into nursing practice to reduce preoperative anxiety.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation coefficient of knowledge about multicultural, and attitude toward migrant wives by nursing Students. METHODS: Research participants of this study were 212 students attending nursing university in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Jeollanam-do. A self-report instrument was used to measure knowledge about multicultural and attitudes toward migrant wives. Descriptive statistics, t-test, Mann-Whitney test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation analysis with SPSS/Win 20.0 were used. RESULTS: The mean knowledge about multicultural was 8.10 out of 13 and the mean attitudes toward migrant wives was 2.45 out of 5. Factors affecting knowledge about multicultural were age. Factors affecting attitudes toward migrant wives were age, residential district, experience of overseas trip, experience of living abroad and foreign language fluency. There was a positive correlation between knowledge about multicultural and attitudes toward migrant wives. CONCLUSION: Developing knowledge about multicultural and positive attitudes toward migrant wives is necessary in nursing school curricula. Therefore, nursing educator should make actual and effective education program.
Curriculum ; Education ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Nursing* ; Schools, Nursing ; Seoul ; Spouses* ; Students, Nursing* ; Transients and Migrants*

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the changes in pediatric injury-related visits at an emergency department (ED) during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods: We retrospectively compared injury-related visits to an ED in Korea by children aged 15 years or younger during February 2020-December 2021 (pandemic period), and the visits during February 2018-December 2019. Clinical characteristics, injury mechanisms, diagnostic codes, and ED outcomes were noted. We performed 2 sub-analyses of the pandemic period: biannual changes in the visits, and monthly trends of proportions of concussion and superficial injury as diagnostic codes using linear regression. Results: Despite a 51.2% reduction in injury-related visits during the pandemic, the proportion of the visits increased (25.2% vs. 40.0%; P < 0.001). Overall, increases were noted in proportions of use of emergency medical services and high acuity (P < 0.001). Among the diagnostic codes, brain injuries, fracture and dislocation, and laceration increased while superficial injuries, burn, intoxication, and foreign body ingestion decreased (P < 0.001). As the pandemic prolonged, injury-to-ED time shortened and ED length of stay lengthened while the abovementioned trends remained unchanged. Linear regression showed that the proportions of concussion and superficial injury respectively increased and decreased by 0.01% per month (P < 0.001). Conclusion The changes in pediatric injury-related visits at the ED during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic may serve as a basis for distributing emergency medicine resources in future infectious disease outbreaks.

PURPOSE: We investigated whether psychological factors could influence on the symptoms of chronic prostatitis based on general population that have not previously been examined or treated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between August and November 2000, we randomly selected 100 male residents in the area of Chung-nam including Daejoen city. The participants completed self- administered questionnaires. Based on our inclusion criteria, 87 participants were included in this study. RESULTS: Scores of Beck Depression Inventory of participants with higher pain and urinary symptoms domain scores were significantly higher than those with lower pain and urinary symptoms domain scores of the National Institutes of Health-chronic prostatitis symptom index (p=0.001 and p=0.028, respectively). However, anxiety did not influence on the symptoms of chronic prostatitis based on the results of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Based on the results of Bem Sex Role Inventory, masculinity score of participants with higher urinary symptoms domain scores were significantly lower than those with lower urinary symptoms domain scores (p=0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that psychological problems may involve in an early stage of chronic prostatitis and have a causative role in chronic prostatitis.
Academies and Institutes ; Anxiety ; Depression ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Male ; Masculinity ; Prostatitis* ; Psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Malignant germ cell tumore occur in children and young women in reproductive age, of all the germ cell maligaanci orily pure dysgerminiomas had a high cure rate prior to 1970. This was due to the exquisite wdioseneitivity of these tumors. Multiple agent chemotherapy has dramatieally improved the pr nosis af patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. The purpose of this study is to report the experience at Aaan Medical Center, department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, in 16 patients withmalignant ovarian germ cell tumors treated between July, l989 and June, l994. We analyzed the effect of age, histolagic subtype, FIGO stage, surgical pmcedurse and regimens of chemotherapy, on the prognosis of thwe tumors. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In histologic subtypes, dysgenninoma(38.0%), endodermal sinus tumor(25.0%), squamous cell carcinoma arising in mature cystic teratoma(19.0%), mixed cell tumor(6.0%), immature teratoma(6.0%), malignant ectodermal tumor in mature cystic teratoma(6.0%), were counted in order. 2. No site predilection was identifed. 3. Main initial symptoms were abdominal distension(31.0%), abdominal pain(31.0%), abdominal mass palpation(25.0%), amenorrhea(6.0%) in order. 4. Multiple tumor markers were considered to be useful in diagnosis and follow up of malignant germ cell tumors of ovary. 5. The mean age of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors was 29.5 years, and 11 cases(69.3%) of tumors under the age of 30.0 years. 6. The survival rate seemed to be decreased with advancing FIGO stage.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Ectoderm ; Endoderm ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Germ Cells* ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal* ; Obstetrics ; Ovary* ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Biomarkers, Tumor