Respiratory distress syndrome of preterm infants remains a significant cause of morbidyty and mortality. Early, just after birth, prediction and recognition of RDS is so important. The precision and reliability of the stable microbubble test (SMR)and shake test as a predictor of respiratory distress syndrome were studied. A 110-neonate who was born at Chungnam National University Hospital between November 1991 to September 1992was selected randomely and studied. The results were as follows; 1) Among the 110 neonates, 13 cases were noticed as RDS. 2) Among the 13 infants with RDS, SMR results were zero and very weak in 11 cases, weak in 2 cases. Of the 97 infants with Non-RDS, 9 cases were weak, 88cases were medium and strong, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was 100%, 98% respectively. 3) Of the 13 infants with RDS, Shake test result were negative in 8 cases, 1+in 1 case, 2+in 1 case and 4+in 3 case. Of the 97 infants with Non-RDS, 3 cases were negative, 9 cases were 1+, 9cases were 2+ and 63 cases were 4+, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was 72.7%, 9 However, frequent relapses and severe side effects caused by such therapy necessitate development of a more specific and effective therapeutic regimen.Recently, a T cell derived cytokine, interleukin 4 (IL-4)is being recognized as a major cytokine up-regulating IgE production and response, while interferon- (IFN- )counteracts IL-4 actions to down-regulate the IL-4 induced IgE response. Hence, the present study is aimed to investigate the role of IL-4 in MCNS. Using freshly isol 4.9% respectively. We conclude that the rapidity, simplicity and reliability of the stable microbubble test is more useful as a bedside procedure in identifying of predicting the infants who are likely to develop RDS than shake test.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Interleukin-4 ; Microbubbles* ; Mortality ; Parturition ; Recurrence

No abstract available.
Acromegaly* ; Adolescent* ; Humans ; Neurofibromatoses*

No abstract available.
Bronchitis, Chronic* ; Child* ; Humans ; Lung* ; Perfusion*

From january 1968 to Septomber 1977(approximately 10 years) the authors clinically observed 105 cases of malignant curaneous tumors that visited the Department of Dermatology at Chon-nam University Hospital. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1) The incidence of curaneous malignat tumors versus the total number of outpatients visitiong the Department of Dermatology was 0.33 2) The age of onset was quite varied but the majority of cases, 71 cases(67.62%), were over 50 years old. #) The ratio of men to women was 1.56:1. 4) Among the 105 cases of malignant cutaneous tumors the most frequently observed type was squamous cell carcinoma, 40 cases(40.0%) The next most frequent rypes were basal cell carcinoma, 19 cases (18.10%) and malgnant melanoma, 12cases(11.43%) 5) The most common predilection sites were the head and neck in which 55cases(52.38%) were observed. Among these cases the face was most commonly affected, 40 cases(38.10%). The predilection sites of the basal cell carcinoma cases were the nose(47.37%), cheek(21.04%) and eyelid(15.79%). Those of the squamous cell carcinoma cases were the lower lip(26.90%), cheek(24,43) and penis(14,29%). Finally that of the malignant melanoma was the plantar surface(58.34%) 6) We observed metastasis only in wquamous cell carcinoma, Among the 42 cases of squamous cell carcinoma seen, I1 cases showed metastasis, Among these I1 cases of metastasis, 9 cases were metastajzed into the regional lymphnodes, and in 3 cases methstsis to the lung was demonstracted. 7) We found no relationship between the presence of a particular kind of original skin lesion or injury and the development of a cutaneous malignant tumor. some original lesions related to the curaneous malignant tumors we mentosem, radiation, sporotrichosis, neurofibromatosis, etc. 8) One or more of the four following methods of treatment were used on 19 of the observed cases: 1) Surgical Operation 2) Irradiation Therapy. 3) Electrosugery, 4) Chemotherapy, In seven cases(Basal cell carcinoma 5 cases, Squamous cell carcinoma 2 cases) a complete cure was seen, while in five cases(Kaposi's sarcoma 1, case Squamous cell carcinoms 4 cases) the curaneout maligant tumor recurred No improvement was demonstrated in two (Squamous cell carcinoma 1 case, Malignant melanoma 1 case) of the cases and in four cases(Squamous cell carcinoma 3 cases, Malignant Melanoma 1 case) no prognosis could be made because the patients did nor retum to the clinic to complete treatment.
Age of Onset ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Dermatology ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung ; Male ; Melanoma ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neurofibromatoses ; Outpatients ; Prognosis ; Sarcoma ; Skin ; Sporotrichosis

Although causative factors are not completely defined, carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer is attributed to multiple genetic alterations. The abnormal expressions of oncogenes are regarded to be responsible for the production of malignant phenotype, subsequent invasion and metastasis. From 63 surgically resectable colorectal adenocarcinoma patients, expression of oncogenes in colorectal cancer tissue was evaluated with immunohistochemical staining methods using monoclonal antibodies to products of the oncogenes. To evaluate the possibility of oncogenes as a prognostic factor, we studied the relationship between the expression of oncogenes and the clinicopathologic findings which are well known prognostic factors. Rates of expression in colorectal cancer tissue were 27% for c-myc, 74.6% for c-Ha-ras and 77.8% for c-erbB-2 oncogenes. The positive rate of c-erbB-2 oncogene was higher in the well differentiated group than in the poorly differentiated group. The rates of expression of c-myc and c-Ha-ras oncogenes were significantly correlated each other. Expression of these oncogenes in colorectal cancer were not correlated with the pathologic stage, location of cancer, DNA ploidy pattern and histologic differentiation except between c-erbB-2 and histologic differentiation. In conclusion, there seems to be a possibility that c-erbB-2 could be used as a prognostic factor of colorectal cancer. However, further and more intensive study seems to be required.
Adenocarcinoma ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carcinogenesis ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; DNA ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Oncogenes* ; Phenotype ; Ploidies

Soft tissue tumor is defined as a tumor occurring in voluntary muscles, fat, fibrous tissue, along with the vessels serving these tissue and peripheral nervous system. It is difficult to make a diagnosis by conventional microscopic observation because of their pleuripotentiality and similar growth characteristics. Although their morphological findings of tumors are similar to one another, their clinical courses, treatment and prognosis are different. So early, correct diagnosis and proper treatment are neccessary. The present study is aimed to evaluate a value of immunoperoxidase staining to make definite diagnosis of soft tissue tumors and its application to surgical pathology. The material consisted of 106 cases of fibrohistiocytic tumors and malignant soft tissue tumors which are morphologically similar to malignant fibrohistiocytic tumors for 5 years period lasting from 1980 to 1984 at the Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine. After the classificationof fibrohistiocytic tumors by the Enzinger (1983), clinical finndings were reviewed and peroxidase antiperoxidase(PAP) method with alpha1-antichymotrypsin was done in 15 cases of all fibrohistiocytic tumors. Other soft tissue tumors which were difficult to differentiate from MFH by light microscopic observation were liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma and malignant schwannoma. These 21 cases of tumors including MFH were stained with PAP method for alpha1-antichymotrypsin, S-100 protein and myoglobin. Results obtained were as follows: 1) The cases on study consisted of 19 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 2 dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, 45 fibrohistiocytic tumors and 11 other benign fibrohistiocytic tumors. 2) The male to female ratio was 1 : 1.8 in benign and intermediate group of fibrohistiocytic tumor, but 2.2 : 1 in malignant histiocytic tumor. 3) Most cases of benign fibrohistiocytic tumors were occurred in 4th and 5th decade of life. Intermediate and malignant fibrohistiocytic tumors were mostly found in late adult life and their mean age was 43.6 year. 4) The most common sites were trunk and both extrimities in benign fibrohistiocytic tumors(88.9%), but head, neck and lower extremities in MFH (78.9%). Two cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans were occurred in turnk and upper extremity. 5) The PAP stain for alpha1-antichymotrypsin was done in 15 cases of 77 fibrohistiocytic tumors which included MFH, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, xanthoma, xanthofibroma, dermatofibroma showed variable degree of positivity to alpha1-antichymotrypsin. The positivity of alpha1-antichymotrypsin revealed no significant difference according to differentiation of the tumors, such as benign, intermediate and malignant. 6) The PAP stain for alpha1-antichymotrypsin revealed diffuse positivity in all cases of MFH and also in a case of malignant schwannoma, fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, but myoglobin and S-100 protein were negative. In three cases of leiomyosarcoma, two of rhabdomyosarcoma and three of malignant schwannoma, alpha1-antichymotrypsin, S-100 protein and myoglobin were negative, although a few positive tumor cells were present, which may the considered as metatypci differentiation. Another possibility of this discordance was loss of antigenicity by improper procedure of paraffin embedding and poor differentiation of tumor cells. In summary, PAP method for specific tumor marker is important for proper diagnosis of soft tissue tumors, and application to surgical pathology.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Tumor Markers, Biological

Twenty-eight cases of fracture of the femur and tibia on the same leg were treated in Pusan Maryknoll Hospital during the period from April 1981 to Jun 1988. We studied all of these patients, divided by five groups according to the method of treatment, with analysis of treatment and end results. The following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of trauma was high in the young man, and most frequent in the third decade (42.9%). 2. The main cause of injuries was traffic accident; 22 patients (78.6%). 3. The common fracture site was middle one-third in femur and tibia respectively. 4. The most common associsted injury was head trauma (9 case). 5. The average healing time of fracture was 20.7 weeks in femur and 22.7 weeks in tibia of group 3, 4, 5. 6. The best results were obtained in cases both fractures stabilized surgically.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Busan ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Femur ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leg ; Methods ; Tibia

PURPOSE: To examine the effect of the solution-focused group counseling program on the nursing students' problem-solving capacity. METHODS: The research design was one-group pretest-posttest design in quasi-experimental research. The subjects were 16 sophomore nursing students being in K university located in D city. Korea. The period of this research was from January 9 to February 20, 2002. from January 10 to February 21. 2003. The group counseling program that was developed by Kim, Hyeon Mi (2001) on the basis of the fundamental principles of solution-focused therapy of de Shazer. et al. (1986) and the solution-focused group counseling process proposed by Selekman (1991). LaFountain. et al. (1996) and Metcalf (1998) was used after being modified and complemented for the nursing students. The group counseling was carried out six times for 120 minutes per week. The instruments used for this study were the Problem Solving Inventory developed by Heppner and Petersen (1982) and Scaling question. Collected data were analyzed by paired t-test with SPSS program. RESULTS: 1) Problem solving capacity increased after solution-focused group counseling program, but a significant difference was not revealed(t=0.835, p=0.057). 2) The scores of self-confidence with the problem-solving were significantly increased when it was compared with the 1st and the 6th(t=3.587, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: It seems that the solution-focused group counseling program should be considered as an effective nursing intervention program for the nursing students by improving self-confidence with the problem-solving. As a results, this study suggests that the specific techniques used in the solution focused therapy should be applied actively in areas of counseling and communication training for the nursing students and nurses.
Complement System Proteins ; Counseling* ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing* ; Problem Solving ; Research Design ; Students, Nursing*

No abstract available.
Arthroscopy* ; Elbow*

Pulmonary carcinosarcoma(Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung) is a rare pulmonary malignancy, which is defined as having an admixtture of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. Pulmonary carcinosarcoma occurs most frequentlly in males between 50 and 80 years of age. It predominantly affects the upper lobe and/or the principal bronchi, and is associated with a history of smoking. Here, we report a case of pulmonary carcinosarcoma with a left lobe atelectasis due to an endobronchial mass in a 56-year-old male. After a left pneumonectomy, the pathologic stage was IIb (T3N0M0). Four months later, an abdominal mass was observed and exploratory laparotomy revealed metastases of the pulmonary carcinosarcoma to the pelvic cavity.
Bronchi ; Carcinosarcoma* ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pneumonectomy* ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Smoke ; Smoking