To examine the usefulness of cardiac MRI in assessing patients (pt) with congenital heart diseases(CHD), informations obtained from MRI and echocardiogrphy (echo) were compared in 91 consecutive pt with CHD and was correlated with findigs at cardiac catheterization (53pt) and at surgery (71pt). Pt were studied with 1.5 Tesla MRI unit and multiplanar images of the heart and great vessels were obtained using ECG-gated multislice spin-echo technique. Age ranged from newborn to 22 years. We obtained the following results. MRI was vary useful in providing important diagnostic informations in 19pt, provided informations which was not crucial to the clinical decision in 28pt, and did not provide additional informations in 44pt. MRI was very useful in assessing complex lesions, particularly in identifying atrial situs, rudimentary ventricular chamber, criss-cross atrioventricular connection, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, anatomy of ventricular septal defect in double outlet right ventricle, anomalous ventricular muscles, aortopulmonary collateral artery and distal pulmonary artery anatomy. En face view of the ventricular septum was very useful in clearly outlining the ventricular septal defect. MRI gave false information in 17pt. Diagnostic accuracy of MRI was poor for coarctation of the aorta in neonates and small infants, patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary stenosis. Cardiac MRI is recommended for preoperative planning in selected pt with CHD, particularly with complex lesions.
Aortic Coarctation ; Arteries ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Double Outlet Right Ventricle ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Echocardiography* ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Heart* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Muscles ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Ventricular Septum

The purpose of this study is to offer information related to recommended dietary allowances for young children and food guidelines for preschool children in Sweden. Sweden, located in Europe, is the most developed country for young child care system. Swedish nutrition policy background, Swedish recommended dietary allowances for young children, and food guidelines of early childhood education center in Sweden were used. The number of Swedish child care centers increased from 70,000 in 1970 to 700,000 in 2000. The Swedish Institute of Public Health promoted children's indoor and outdoor activity. The aim of the Swedish public health contains children's safety, good food habits, and eating food safely. Swedish Food Administration made recommended dietary allowance and food guidelines for children care centers. The aim of food guidelines was to increase energy, calcium, iron, and dietary fiber intake. Swedish RDA contains minimum and maximum intake as well as mean intake for macro and micro nutrients. The fat intake ratio of energy is increased for younger children. For preschool children, the food guideline is determined by dietary allowances for breakfast, lunch, and snack respectively. Food guideline contains meal time schedule, menu for each meal using food model, amount of food for age group, and recommended dietary allowance for each meal. It is recommended for Korean early childhood education center: 1) Korean RDA for young children should be made range of intake, minimum and maximum intake. 2) Food guideline should be make for Korean child care center. 3) Korean child care centers should offer an afternoon snack twice for children who retun home late. 4) Nutrition education program for preschool teachers should be developed for children's good eating habits and health promotion.
Appointments and Schedules ; Breakfast ; Calcium ; Child Care ; Child* ; Child, Preschool* ; Developed Countries ; Dietary Fiber ; Eating ; Education ; Europe ; Food Habits ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Iron ; Lunch ; Meals ; Nutrition Policy ; Public Health ; Recommended Dietary Allowances* ; Snacks ; Sweden*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: To describe the MR findings for the three phases of eosinophilic granuloma, as defined by Mirra 'sconventional radiographic criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen lesions in 14 patients with proveneosinophilic granuloma were retrospectively analyzed. Among this total, three vertebral lesions were excluded,and the remaining is were classified as early, middle, or late phase on the basis of Mirra's radiographiccriteria. For each phase, we compared MR findings with regard to signal intensity, homogeneity, contrastenhancement, perilesional marrow edema, and soft tissue change. For the three vertebral lesions excluded becausethe application of radiographic criteria was difficult, MR findings for paravertebral soft tissue reaction anddegree of cord compression were compared. RESULTS: Of the fifteen cases classified, eight were early phase, fivewere mid phase, and two were late phase. During each phase, all lesions except one, as seen on T1-weightedimages(T1W1), showed iso-signal intensity. On T2WI, all lesions showed high signal intensity. Contrast studydemonstrated marked contrast enhancement. Thus, no remarkable differences were found in the signal intensitydegree of contrast enhancement of each phase. With regard to heterogeneity, this was demonstrated in most earlyphase lesions, reflecting necrosis and hemorrhage of those lesions. Soft tissue swelling was more severe duringthe early phase than the mid or late phase, but marrow edema was similar in each of the three phase. One of threepatients with vertebra plana showed para-vertebral soft tissue swelling and cord compression, but this was notseen in the two other cases. CONCLUSION: For evalvating the extent of eosinophilic granuloma and its relationshipwith surrounding structures, MRI was superior to conventional radiography. During the early phase of the disease,lesions showed greater inhomogeneity and more aggressive soft tissue reaction than during the mid and late phase.The use of MRI for the evalvation of eosinophilic granuloma can help decide a therapeutic plan of action andfollow up evaluation.
Bone Marrow ; Edema ; Eosinophilic Granuloma* ; Eosinophils* ; Granuloma ; Hemorrhage ; Histiocytosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Necrosis ; Population Characteristics ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine

The objective of this study was to compare early child care center teachers' attitudes for meal and snack guidance between Sweden and Korea. Participants were 251 early child care center teachers (Sweden: 134, Korea: 117) working in Goetebory, Sweden, and Seoul, Korea. The survey was conducted from December in 2003 to February in 2004. SPSS programme was used for statistical analysis. Sixty five point eight percent of the Korean early child care center teachers provided a certain amount of foods for children. But 20.9% of Swedish provided a certain amount of foods for children, 79.1% of them provided the amount a child wanted. Sixty one point seven percent of Korean teachers allowed a child leave foods on the plate, but 95.5% of Swedish teachers asked a child eat all food on the plate. When a child didn't want to eat, 61.1% of the Korean teachers fed him/her, but 11.0% of the Swedish teachers did. Only 42.4% of the Swedish teachers allowed a children eat sweets, but 92.9% of Korean did. The Swedish teachers' perception for food guidance were eating by child himself/herself > washing hands before eating > having appropriate table manner > eating as talking with friends > not playing during the meal time, while the Korean teachers' was taking various food > having appropriate table manner > eating by child himself/herself, not playing during the meal time > washing hands before eating. The Swedish teachers thought 'eating as talking with friends' and 'eating by child himself/herself' is important, where as the Korean's did 'eating without making noise', 'not playing during the mealtime' in the eating behavior. For 'brushing teeth after meal' the Swedish teachers' score (1.5) was lower than the Korean (4.2). The results is necessary to improve meal and snack guidance for Korean early child care center teachers' education.
Child ; Child Care* ; Child* ; Eating ; Education ; Feeding Behavior ; Friends ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea* ; Meals* ; Seoul ; Snacks* ; Sweden* ; Tooth

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nursing education using a CD ROM on the anxiety and knowledge of the patients having minor surgery. METHOD: Forty patients hospitalized in K hospital in Seoul from April to August 2002 participated in this study. In the experimental group, twenty patients received nursing education on the operational procedures and post-operational care. The control group, received conventional nursing care only. Anxiety experienced by patients was measured by Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and knowledge was measured by an instrument developed by Rahe et al. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical program. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in anxiety level between two groups. However, subjects in the experimental group were found to have significantly higher postoperative knowledge levels than those in the control group, and were very satisfied with the CD ROM program. CONCLUSION: The nursing education program using CD ROM before minor surgery proved to be an effective nursing intervention to increase knowledge of patients and contribute to their self care after discharge. To decrease anxiety of the surgery, the nursing education program should be combined with supprortive emotional nursing intervention, such as touch, and massage.
Anxiety* ; Education, Nursing* ; Humans ; Massage ; Nursing Care ; Nursing* ; Patient Education as Topic ; Self Care ; Seoul ; Surgical Procedures, Minor*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nursing education using a CD ROM on the anxiety and knowledge of the patients having minor surgery. METHOD: Forty patients hospitalized in K hospital in Seoul from April to August 2002 participated in this study. In the experimental group, twenty patients received nursing education on the operational procedures and post-operational care. The control group, received conventional nursing care only. Anxiety experienced by patients was measured by Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and knowledge was measured by an instrument developed by Rahe et al. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical program. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in anxiety level between two groups. However, subjects in the experimental group were found to have significantly higher postoperative knowledge levels than those in the control group, and were very satisfied with the CD ROM program. CONCLUSION: The nursing education program using CD ROM before minor surgery proved to be an effective nursing intervention to increase knowledge of patients and contribute to their self care after discharge. To decrease anxiety of the surgery, the nursing education program should be combined with supprortive emotional nursing intervention, such as touch, and massage.
Anxiety* ; Education, Nursing* ; Humans ; Massage ; Nursing Care ; Nursing* ; Patient Education as Topic ; Self Care ; Seoul ; Surgical Procedures, Minor*

PURPOSE: We compared the underlying or associated diseases according to the frequency of platelet transfusions in neonates with thrombocytopenia to know the factors predicting which patients will require multiple platelet transfusions. We also compared mortality. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 72 neonates who received the platelet transfusions in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) between August 1996 and July 2001. Group I received one platelet transfusion and group II received two or more. We compared the frequency of underlying or assodiated diseases such as sepsis/disseminated intravascular coagulopathy(DIC), respiratory distress syndrome(RDS), intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC), liver or renal disease, and mortality between two groups. RESULTS: Of the 72 patients, 29(40.2%) received one and 43(59.7%) received two or more transfusions; 16(22.2%) received four or more. There were no statistically significant differences in gestational age, birth weight, sex, and maternal history between two groups. C-section rate was higher in group II(20.7% vs. 55.8%, P<0.05) and the incidence of PDA was higher in group I (55.2% vs. 30.2%, P<0.05). Otherwise, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of sepsis/DIC, RDS, IVH, RDS, CLD, NEC, liver or renal disease, pulmonary hemorrhage and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and mortality between group I and group II. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in clinical morbidity and mortality according to the frequency of platelet transfusion in neonates with thrombocytopenia. Further study is needed to know the predicting factor for multiple platelet transfusions in neonates with thrombocytopenia.
Birth Weight ; Blood Platelets* ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Liver ; Lung Diseases ; Mortality ; Platelet Transfusion* ; Retrospective Studies ; Thrombocytopenia*

PURPOSE: With the development of neonatal intensive care and the increased use of systemic antibiotics, candida sepsis has become one of the most important causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate and its associated risk factors. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 28 cases with candida sepsis who were admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) of Chonnam University Hospital from July 1995 to June 2001. Twenty-nine patients without candida sepsis were enrolled for the control group to verify the risk factors. RESULTS: The overall incidence of candida sepsis was 0.61% for all NICU admissions and 3.68% for all very low birth weight infants with the gradual increase of the annual prevalance rate over time. The endotracheal intubation, percutaneous central vein catheter(PCVC), umbilical vein catheter, total parenteral nutrition, intralipid and dopamine were more applied than the control group (P<0.01 for all). The durations of mechanical ventilator care, central catheter appliance, nothing per os, and admission were also significantly longer than the control group(P<0.01 for all). Ampicillin/sulbactam, ceftazidime, amikacin, netilmicin, teicoplanin and imipenem/cilastatin were significantly more used than the control group(P<0.05). The durations of ampicillin/sulbactam, ceftazidime, netilmicin and imipenem/cilastatin administration were also proved to be significant as the risk factors(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The average annual prevalence rate of candida sepsis in NICU for six years was 0.61% with gradual increasing tendency over time. The elimination of the above risk factors is important in decreasing neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with candida sepsis.
Amikacin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Candida* ; Catheters ; Ceftazidime ; Dopamine ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Intensive Care, Neonatal* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Jeollanam-do ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Netilmicin ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Prevalence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Sepsis* ; Teicoplanin ; Umbilical Veins ; Veins ; Ventilators, Mechanical

PURPOSE: This study analyzed the clinical and radiologic results and complications in patients with chronic renal failure who underwent cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty for treatment of hip fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2003 and February 2010, we performed 36 consecutive cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty procedures in 35 patients with hip fracture who were on hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. Clinically, postoperative Harris hip score, inguinal and thigh pain, and orthopaedic and medical complications were investigated. Radiologically, we examined bone ingrowth, osteolysis, loosening, and nonunion. RESULTS: According to the Harris hip score grading system, the average postoperative score was 85.7 and the function before the injury was restored in 29 cases. Postoperatively, four patients experienced mild inguinal pain and four patients experienced mild thigh pain. One patient experienced severe thigh pain. Orthopaedic complications(6 cases, 16.7%) included mild hematoma(3 cases), superficial wound infection(2 cases), and dislocation(1 case). Medical complications(10 cases, 27.8%) included sepsis(5 cases), multiple organ failure due to aggravation of underlying diseases(2 cases), ulcer perforation(2 cases), and aspiration pneumonia(1 case). Five patients had died within one year (mortality, 13.9%). Except for loosening of the femoral stem in one case, bone ingrowth was observed in all cases. None of the patients had osteolysis and nonunion. CONCLUSION: Although cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty was considered as an effective treatment in patients with hip fractureon hemodialysis due to favorable results at midterm follow-up, close attention for the postoperative medical complications due to poor general condition is needed.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hemiarthroplasty ; Hip ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Multiple Organ Failure ; Osteolysis ; Renal Dialysis ; Thigh ; Ulcer