Since Dr. Angell introduced cryopreservation method for tissue preservation in 1980s, it became a preferred method for cardiovascular tissues. Cryopreservation has been proven to provide better cell viavility and clinical result than any other preservation method. The quality of cryopreserved cardiovascular tissue is a very critical point of patients' survival when transplanted. To obtain high quality cryopreserved tissue, each processing methods from harvesting to delivery should be standardized. Various factors, such as range of possible tissues, acceptable ischemic time, temperature during transportation, facility for processing, method of freezing, use of cryoprotectant, method of storage, condition of delivery, and method of thawing for cardiovascular tissues should be standardized. Different standards should be established and applied to different tissues. Various kinds of tissues can be harvested from each living or cadaveric donor. Therefore, it is reasonable to harvest and handle all tissues in one laboratory by one tissue bank. In U.S.A, tissue banks are operated under standardized condition. The American Association of Tissue Banks affords the certification of specialist and tissue banks on very strict conditions, and provides the Food and Drug Administration with consultation in making regulations regarding tissue transplantation. In Korea, tissues have been simply stored in refrigerator since mid 1990s, and cryopreservation method is getting popular. Tissue banking has been started recently and now six major hospitals treat the cardiovascular tissues and are equipped with good facilities. Korean Association of Tissue Banks was established last year and now setting up regulations and standards. In Conclusion, I suggest that the cardiovascular tissue bank should belong to a university hospital till regulations and standards are completed. And then commercial tissue bank will be able to take it over to manage more tissues. The financial state of tissue banking is also an important point to be considered to balance between quality control and easy access to the public. Also the cost of cryopreserved allograft should be covered by medical insurance.
Allografts ; Cadaver ; Certification ; Cryopreservation* ; Freezing ; Humans ; Insurance ; Korea ; Methods ; Quality Control ; Social Control, Formal ; Specialization ; Tissue Banks ; Tissue Donors ; Tissue Preservation ; Tissue Transplantation ; Transplants ; Transportation ; United States Food and Drug Administration

During the period of 9.5 years from September, 1985 to March, 1995, 32 cases with spontaneous closure in simple ventricular septal defect(VSD) were observed and evaluated at Yeungnam University Hospital, and those were confirmed by 2D-echocardiogram. The results were as follows: 1. Among these 32 cases, there were 23 cases(71.9%) of perimembranous VSD, 8 cases(25.0%) of muscular VSD and 1 case(3.1%) of subarterial VSD. Septal aneurysms appears to be main mechanism of spontaneous closure of VSD because of the presence of septal aneurysm in all cases with spontaneous ',;losure of a perimembranous VSD. 2. The size of the defect was variable in diameter, but 27 cases(81.2%) were less than 5 mm. 3. The mean age was 12.1 months at spontaneous closure with the range from 1 month old to 72 months. 4. The mean weight was 9.0 kg at spontaneous closure. 5.--Among these 32 cases, 3 cases had the clinical evidence of cardimegaly or congestive hert -failure during infancy. 6. Male to female sex ratio was 1.5:1
Aneurysm ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Ratio

The authors performed experimental study to produce proliferative vitreoretinopathy by intravitreal injection of homologous fibroblasts in pigmented rabbits. Twenty four eyes of 12 rabbits were divided into control and experimental groups. In experimental group, the eyes were pretreated with expanding gas, perfluoropropane for the vitrectomy. In control group, no such procedure was preceded. In both groups, 5.0×10⁴, 1.0×10⁵ and 1.5×10⁵ cells of homologous fibroblasts were injected into the vitreous cavity. All the eyes were observed regularly with indirect ophthalmoscope followed by fundus photography. Those eyes were enucleated in 1, 2, 4 weeks for the light and electron microscopic studies. The development and severity of the proliferative vitreoretinopathy were correlated with the numbers of the injected fibroblast. This was more pronounced in the experimental group.
Fibroblasts ; Intravitreal Injections ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Photography ; Rabbits ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative*

No abstract available.
Subcutaneous Tissue*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Urinary Tract*

No abstract available.
Classification* ; Joints*

No abstract available.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure* ; Ventilation*

No Abstract Available.
Calmodulin* ; Cell Death* ; Humans* ; Retinoblastoma*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Twins*

The malar bones are major determinants of mid-facial shape. In an oriental population, malar prominences are considered an unpleasing and undesirable feature because they give the face a triangular shape and may produce an emaciated and sunken appearance. There are two main operative approaches to malarplasty. One is a coronal approach and the other is a intraoral approach. The former possess advantages of symmetricity, accuracy and superiorly, medially and posteriorly aesthetical transposition of the malar bone. However, it has drawbacks such as a long visible scar on the scalp and extensive operation. Though the latter is a simple method avoiding a visible scar, it has some problems of asymmetricity, cheekdrooping, partial transposition of the malar complex and difficulty of aesthetic transposition. The authors intended to perform intraoral malarplasty for symmetrically aesthetic transposition of the whole malar bone without cheekdrooping. From February 1996 to January 1999, 9 female patients with prominent malar complex, in whom the coronal incision was objectionable, had intraoral malarplasty performed with 2-point fixation after L-shaped osteotomy involving the zygomatic process of maxilla, resulting in symmetric and aesthetically desirable three dimensional transposition of the malar bone.
Cicatrix ; Female ; Humans ; Maxilla* ; Osteotomy ; Scalp ; Zygoma