Accurate reproduction of intraoral tissue is essential in the fabrication of fixed prosthesis. This selection of impression material and method is very important. In this study, vinyl polysiloxane type impression material Panasil was used. Three impression methods ; one-step technique, individual tray technique, and individual tooth tray technique using the vinyl polysiloxane type bite registration material Futar Occlusion, were used to take horizontal and vertical impression. Improved stone models were fabricated. The amount of occlusal surface discrepaneies, interabutment distance discrepancies, amount of marginal defect were evaluated with the X-PLAN360d and photoscanning. The results were as follows. 1. There was no significant difference in occlusal surface according to the directions and techniques of impression taking. 2. There was no significant difference in interabutment distance discrepancies according to the directions and techniques of impression taking 3. There was no significant difference in marginal discrepancies according to the direction of impression taking but there was significant difference between one-step technique and individual tray technique, individual tooth tray technique (P<0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that individual tray technique and individual tooth tray technique are more accurate for impression taking than one-step technique.
Jaw Relation Record ; Prostheses and Implants ; Reproduction ; Siloxanes ; Tooth

Dental porcelain should have adequate strength and similar esthetics as natural teeth. Recently esthetics has become a high priority in clinical dentistry. Thus the evaluation of color stability of dental porcelain has become an important part in dental research. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in color stability of 3 types of porcelain (Vintage, VMK 95, CERAMCO II). The porcelain were divided into groups by 2 types of treatment (Glazing or non-glazing and thermocycling or non-thermocycling). The porcelain wee dyed with methylene blue and distilled water, and then the color stability was evaluated with a spectrophotometer. The results were as follow ; 1. The color change of porcelain increased in the order of VMK 95, Vintage, CERAMCO II. But there was no significant difference. 2. The color change decreased in the glazing group compared to the non-glazing group(p<0.05). 3. The color change increased after thermocycling But there was no significant difference. 4. The color change according to dye method was significantly larger with methylene blue copared to distilled water(P<0.05).
Crowns* ; Dental Porcelain* ; Dental Research ; Dentistry ; Esthetics ; Methylene Blue ; Tooth ; Water

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death attributable to cancer in women. In view of the limitations of conventional predictable factors of the breast cancer, additional second-generation parameters would be valuable in selecting the patients who would be most likely to be beneficial from adjuvant therapy and breast reconstruction. The author investigated the HER2/neu gene amplification and the number of chromosome 17 in 39 cases of paraffin embedded breast cancer tissues, 20 cases without lymph node metastasis and 19 cases with lymph node metastasis, using fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH) and compared the results with HER2/neu and p 53 protein expression detected by immunohistochemical method. Eleven cases fibroadenoma were used as benign tumor control. Numerical aberrations of chromosome 17 were found in 17 out 39 breast cancer cases (44%)(monosomy in 10 cases, 26%; trisomy in 3 cases, 8%; tetrasomy in 3 cases, 8%; polysomy in 1 case ,3%), and the frequency of each type aberration was not significantly different between the negative and positive groups in lymph node metastasis. Monosomy of chromosome 17 was found in 2 out of 11(12%) fibroadenoma cases. HER2/neu gene amplification was found in 8 out of 39 cases (19%) and other 2 cases revealed HER2/neu gene amplification in lymph node metastatic tumor only, not in original tumor. Fourteen out of 19 cases of breast cancer with lymph metastasis showed HER2/neu protein expression both in original and metastatic tumors. All of the six cases showing HER2/neu gene amplification in original and/or metastatic tumor revealed HER2/neu protein expression. The frequency of HER2/neu gene amplification in the 39 breast cancer cases was not different between metastatic and non-metastatic groups(p= 0.284). However, HER2/neu protein expression was increased significantly in the metastatic group(p=0.028). None of the 11 fibroadenoma cases revealed HER2/neu gene amplification or HER2/ neu protein expression. Nine out of 19 cases of breast cancer with lymph node metastasis showed p 53 protein accumulation in original tumor(47%), but 3 of them revealed p 53 protein accumulation only in original tumor. The frequency of p 53 protein accumulation was not significantly different between metastatic and non-metastatic groups. None of the 11 fibroadenoma cases revealed p 53 protein accumulation. In conclusion, there are no differences between the lymph node metastatic group and non-metastatic groups in numerical aberrations of the chromosome 17 , amplification of the HER2/neu gene expression and accumulation of the p 53 protein in breast cancer. However, the HER2/neu protein expression was increased significantly in lymph node metastatic group, so it could be one of the predictors of the metastasis in breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cause of Death ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17* ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; Gene Amplification* ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mammaplasty ; Monosomy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin ; Tetrasomy ; Trisomy

No abstract available.
Arthroscopy* ; Hemarthrosis*

PURPOSE: To evaluate criteria for differentiating benign versus malignant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) by analyzing their morphology and perinodular parenchymal changes on CT/HRCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the CT/HRCT in 99 patients with SPN. Sixty two cases were proved by surgery, PCNA, clinical follow up and etc. Thirty seven cases were diagnosed by typical benign calcification. We defined SPN as a discrete, single lesion in the lung with margins that are sharp enough to permit measurement of diameter. We excluded lesions more than 4cm in diameter and lesions with cavity from our study protocol. The study included 41 malignant nodules and 58 benign nodules. RESULTS: Mean diameter of malignant nodule was 2.9cm, benign nodule was 2.2cm. Peripheral location of nodule was 28 in malignant nodules, 50 in benign nodules. Typical benign calcification was observed in 37 tuberculoma and three hamartoma. Lobulated margin was noted in 32 malignant nodules and 14 benign nodules. Spiculated margin was observed in 17 malignant nodules and 20 benign nodules. Low attenuation within the nodule was observed in 14 malignant nodules and 12 benign nodules. Pleural tail was observed in 14 malignant nodules and 31 benign nodules. Air bronchogram was noted in 18 malignant nodules and 4 benign nodules. Juxta nodular tuberculosis was observed in 6 malignant nodules and 29 benign nodules. CONCLUSION: Malignant nodules were larger than benign nodules and more commonly demonstrated a Iobulated contour and air bronchogram (p<0.05). Benign nodules more commonly demonstrated low density in the nodule and associated with juxta nodular tuberculosis and peripheral location (p<0.05). Spiculated margin and pleural tail were not helpful to differentiate benign from malignant nodule.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Lung ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Retrospective Studies ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule* ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculosis

PURPOSE: To evaluate criteria for differentiating benign versus malignant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) by analyzing their morphology and perinodular parenchymal changes on CT/HRCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the CT/HRCT in 99 patients with SPN. Sixty two cases were proved by surgery, PCNA, clinical follow up and etc. Thirty seven cases were diagnosed by typical benign calcification. We defined SPN as a discrete, single lesion in the lung with margins that are sharp enough to permit measurement of diameter. We excluded lesions more than 4cm in diameter and lesions with cavity from our study protocol. The study included 41 malignant nodules and 58 benign nodules. RESULTS: Mean diameter of malignant nodule was 2.9cm, benign nodule was 2.2cm. Peripheral location of nodule was 28 in malignant nodules, 50 in benign nodules. Typical benign calcification was observed in 37 tuberculoma and three hamartoma. Lobulated margin was noted in 32 malignant nodules and 14 benign nodules. Spiculated margin was observed in 17 malignant nodules and 20 benign nodules. Low attenuation within the nodule was observed in 14 malignant nodules and 12 benign nodules. Pleural tail was observed in 14 malignant nodules and 31 benign nodules. Air bronchogram was noted in 18 malignant nodules and 4 benign nodules. Juxta nodular tuberculosis was observed in 6 malignant nodules and 29 benign nodules. CONCLUSION: Malignant nodules were larger than benign nodules and more commonly demonstrated a Iobulated contour and air bronchogram (p<0.05). Benign nodules more commonly demonstrated low density in the nodule and associated with juxta nodular tuberculosis and peripheral location (p<0.05). Spiculated margin and pleural tail were not helpful to differentiate benign from malignant nodule.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Lung ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Retrospective Studies ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule* ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculosis

No abstract available.
Frontal Sinus*

BACKGROUND: Recently malaria infection became one of the most important parasitic diseases in Korea. After the re-emergence of malaria in a young soldier in 1993 near the De-Militarized Zone (DMZ), three to four thousand people have been infected per year in the last few years and the cases of infection have been increasing threefold each year. Microscopic examination of a thick blood smear is a conventional and confirmatory method for diagnosis. However, it requires labor-intensive procedures and its interpretation is quite subjective. Faster and more reliable methods are needed for the diagnosis of malaria. METHODS: We evaluated 155 patients who were diagnosed as malaria. We performed point-of-care rapid diagnostic methods recently introduced: two antibody detection tests manufactured by Korean companies and one antigen (Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase, pLDH) detection test. The results were compared with those of microscopic examinations of thick blood smears. RESULTS: Sensitivities of two antibody detection assays and one antigen detection assay in acute attacks of malaria were 64.7%, 72.5%, and 96.1%; and, specificities were 88.5%, 89.4%, and 95.1%, respectively. Overall accuracy for all samples were 80.6%, 83.9%, and 95.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Antibody detection tests for malaria have limitations in sensitivity and accuracy to replace microscopic examination of blood film. Antigen tests detecting pLDH could replace conventional microscopic examinations of blood film, especially in emergency situations in cases that require prompt medication.
Diagnosis* ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Korea* ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Malaria* ; Military Personnel ; Parasitic Diseases ; Plasmodium

BACKGROUND: Transfusion is a choice of treatment and should be used in order to maintain patients' lives and health. In order to supply safe blood, the quality improvements of hospital blood collection centers should be periodically monitored. To establish systematic surveillance of blood management system, we would like to suggest proper program. METHODS: Twenty-nine hospital small scale blood centers, collects less than 100 units of blood collection per year, were evaluated. Qualified were selected among blood bank specialists who were eligible to simultaneously perform inspections and consultations, and who had attended inspectors' workshop. RESULTS: Among twenty-five blood collection centers, four blood collection centers were closed prior to inspections. Among them, two blood collection centers were evaluated as inadequate. Among adequate centers, some questionnaires were evaluated as "not applicable" mainly for reasons pertaining to personnel and facilities, such as blood component preparation rooms and/or center administrators. CONCLUSION: A checklist for an inspection program should be reviewed continuously. Additionally, detailed guidelines for inspection should be standardized prior to commencing of subsequent year's inspection program. Finally, guidelines for inspection should be established for every questionnaire.
Blood Banks ; Checklist ; Quality Improvement ; Referral and Consultation ; Specialization ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study was performed to assess the accuracy of 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS) in the evaluation of myocardial ischemia in cats. Twelve cats underwent myocardial ischemia and reperfusion induced by 90 minutes ligation followed by 90 minutes recirculation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). MRS was performed using a 4.7T Biospec MRS/MRI system (Bruker, Switzerland). An inner diameter 1.5cm-sized doubly tuned surface coli was used for the collection of the MR signal. The coli was implanted to the epicardial surface at the expected area of infarction. 31P MRS was acquired before and during the periods of ischemia and reperfusion with 5-minute to 30-minute of intervals. After completion of the 31P MRS study, animals were sacrificed and the hearts were excised for 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTG0 histochemical staining. The area of infarct was measured on the photographs of TTG stained heart slices using a computer programmed planimetry and the results were compared with those of the 31P MRS study. The level of phosphocreatine (PCr) was decreased to 28.2±6.9% of the baseline level 90 minutes after occlusion and recovered to 43.8±4.8% of the baseline level at the end of the reperfusion. A 50% depletion of PCr was reached 5 minutes after the LAD occlusion. The ATP was decreased to a 26.6±3.6% of the baseline level 90 minutes after occlusion and recovered to a 35.9±6.0 of the baseline level 90 minutes after reperfusion. The decreasing rate of ATP was slower than that of PCr showing a 50% of depletion 15 minutes after occlusion. The PCr/ATP ratio was 1.16±0.09 at the baseline, decreased to 0.88±0.07 at 30 minutes of occlusion, and then progressively increased during the late ischemic and reperfused periods. The ratio of the infarcted area to the effective signal area of the surface coli was inversely correlated to the ATP (r=0.68) and PCr (r=0.40) levels obtained at the end of reperfusion. In conclusion, 31P MRS reflects the changes in myocardial high energy phosphorous metabolism during the actue ischemia and reperfusion. If on adequate localization technique is feasible, 31P MRS can be used clinically in the diagnosis and monitoring of the patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Cats* ; Coronary Vessels ; Diagnosis ; Heart ; Humans ; Infarction ; Ischemia ; Ligation ; Metabolism ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Phosphocreatine ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reperfusion ; Spectrum Analysis*